{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T17:12:52Z","timestamp":1778346772605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007890","name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECCS-2139659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECCS-2139659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Advanced technologies for muscle tracking provide easy access to identify and track muscle activity, often for the purposes of therapeutic interventions. The necessity of muscle trackers arises from the acute and chronic sources that disrupt neuromuscular control, resulting in an impaired ability to perform daily activities without assistance. In the context of human\u2013machine interfaces, muscle trackers can serve as the \u201csensory\u201d component, providing real\u2010time information to machines, such as exoskeletons and prosthetics, that can act upon such information for therapeutic and functional aid. Recently developed devices for muscle tracking rely on combinations of sensor modalities and algorithms to extract information from biosignals track muscle activity, or even extrapolate kinematic information, including gestures. However, a number of obstacles remain to be overcome to further facilitate the practical implementation of muscle\u2010tracking technologies, the most notable being real\u2010time analysis of biosignal data and extracting kinematic information from complex movements. This review attempts to cover the mechanisms behind various sensor modalities and algorithms commonly used for muscle tracking, as well as establish the current state of applications within the field. Given its multidisciplinary nature and ability to free users from rehabilitation constraints, the field of muscle tracking holds significant promise for future study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T03:17:35Z","timestamp":1679541455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intelligent Systems for Muscle Tracking: A Review on Sensor\u2010Algorithm Synergy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9834-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Putcha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Choffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-5559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wubin","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Physical Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2022.3205026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8948145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-022-00191-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. G.Burciu D. E.Vaillancourt Imaging of Motor Cortex Physiology in Parkinson's Disease Movement Disorders 2018 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/mds.102.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"59","volume":"3","author":"Susuki K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Educ."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Neuroscience","author":"Purves D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1153-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"Vascular Medicine: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease","author":"Raghow R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Feher Quantitative Human Physiology || Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle. 2012 pp.249\u2013258 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-382163-8.00028-1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-382163-8.00028-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-06667-2.50029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Khurana I.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2018.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"504","volume":"40","author":"DeMaagd G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"P T."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00239-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Myasthenia gravis fact sheet.National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/myasthenia-gravis-fact-sheet#1 (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960802566824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.169561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2021.1069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000467","volume":"23","author":"Ishii M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55107-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1306-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.172273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42447-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"CD004655","volume":"153","author":"Wang H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","first-page":"295","volume":"58","author":"Serin H. M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Croat."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030484"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9060113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"A. E.Lang Essential Tremor (ET) Neurotoxins & Tremor.Essential Tremor (ET) 2012 (accessed: October 2022) https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/essentialtremor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Neurotoxins-and-tremor.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function","author":"Vander A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Clinical Biomechanics","author":"Ives J. C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.594897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/0471678384","volume-title":"Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering, and Noninvasive Applications","author":"Merletti R.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","volume-title":"Muscle Alive","author":"Basmajian J. V.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","first-page":"17","volume":"4","author":"Garcia C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Andaluza Med. Deporte"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","volume-title":"European Recommendations For Surface ElectroMyoGraphy: Results Of The SENIAM Project (CD-Rom)","author":"Freriks B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-62539-5.00008-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","first-page":"17","volume":"4","author":"Garcia C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Andaluza Med. Deporte"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","unstructured":"W.Rose Electromyogram analysis Mathematics for biomechanics 2019 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www1.udel.edu\/biology\/rosewc\/kaap686\/ (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2007.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","unstructured":"M.Chavan R. A.Agarwala M.Uplane W. B.Mikhael A. A.Caballero N.Abatzoglou M. N.Tabrizi R.L\u00e9andre M. I.Garcia-Planas R. S.Chroas A Comparison of Chebyshev I and Chebyshev II Filter Applied for Noise Suppression in ECG Signal 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.929199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2805437"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","first-page":"47","volume":"10","author":"Halim A. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis","author":"Siesler H. W.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","unstructured":"Chemistry LibreTexts 2013 (accessed: June 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","unstructured":"P. M.Flatt Biochemistry \u2013 Defining Life at the Molecular Level Western Oregon University Monmouth OR2019 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/wou.edu\/chemistry\/courses\/online-chemistry-textbooks\/ch450-and-ch451-biochemistry-defining-life-at-the-molecular-level\/?preview_id=4919&preview_nonce=cca8f0ce36&preview=true."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00166.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Introduction to Light Emitting Diode Technology and Applications","author":"Held G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","unstructured":"NIR Bandpass Filters Materion Balzers Optics - NIR Bandpass Filters n.d. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.materionbalzersoptics.com\/en\/products\/filters\/nir-bandpass-filters.html#:\u2248:text=NIR%20bandpass%20filters%20SP%20are NIR (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60214a047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Comprehensive Chemometrics","author":"Kohler A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1366\/0003702854248656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Ultrasound, A Logical Approach.","author":"Wells P. N.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.234035034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00835.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.904135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","unstructured":"D.Xu Physics of Ultrasound NYSORA 2022 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.nysora.com\/topics\/equipment\/physics-of-ultrasound\/ (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260624.99430.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-4231(09)70117-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/aim.2011.19.168-171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","unstructured":"C. C.Freudenrich How Ultrasound Works n.d. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.physics.utoronto.ca\/\u2248jharlow\/teaching\/phy138_0708\/lec04\/ultrasoundx.htm (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","unstructured":"S.Taranovich Inside Ultrasound EDN 2013 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.edn.com\/inside-ultrasound\/(accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","unstructured":"J.Chen F.Li Y.Fu Q.Liu J.Huang K.Li inIEEE ICIST IEEE Piscataway NJ2017 pp.1\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/IJCTE.2009.V1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","first-page":"1402","volume":"4","author":"Shruthi B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"IJERT"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15761\/mdde.1000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","volume-title":"Hilbert Transforms in Signal Processing","author":"Hahn S. L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Pandian X.Fernando Z.Baig F.Shi inProc. of the Int. Conf. on ISMAC in Computational Vision and Bio-Engineering 2018 (ISMAC-CVB) Palladam India2019 Vol.30 pp.1725\u20131738 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-00665-5_159.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00665-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-019-00211-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","unstructured":"A.Nath in2013 Int. Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT) IEEE Piscataway NJ2013 pp.157\u2013163."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","first-page":"0975","volume":"12","author":"Kumar S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","volume-title":"Time\u2013Frequency Signal Analysis And Processing: A Comprehensive Reference","author":"Boashash B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","volume":"13","author":"Sifuzzaman M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3141162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","first-page":"0206549","volume":"13","author":"Koenig I.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","unstructured":"H.Basak A.Roy J. B.Lahiri S.Bose S.Patra Arxiv2021 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/2110.15279."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.Meng B.Ding Z.Zhou Q.Liu Q.Ai in2014 IEEE Int. Conf. on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC) IEEE Piscataway NJ2014 pp.2198\u20132203 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SMC.2014.6974250.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2014.6974250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022627411411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3264-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. E.Boser I. M.Guyon V. N.Vapnik inProc. of the Fifth Annual ACM Workshop on Computational Learning Theory ACM Pittsburgh Pennsylvania1992 pp.144\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1145\/130385.130401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","first-page":"155","volume":"9","author":"Drucker H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:STCO.0000035301.49549.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","unstructured":"C.Ding X.He H. D.Simon Proc. SIAM Int'l Conf. Data Mining Newport Beach California USAMay 2005 pp.606\u2013610."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","first-page":"200","volume":"14","author":"Dupond S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/047084535X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00815-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","unstructured":"K.Cho M. B.Van C.Gulcehre D.Bahdanau F.Bougares H.Schwenk Y.Bengio arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.1078 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","unstructured":"J.Chung C.Gulcehre H.Cho Y.Bengio arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00945-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","first-page":"241","volume":"29","author":"Guler N. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2012.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","first-page":"379","volume":"2","author":"Kaur G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","first-page":"1767","volume":"2","author":"Kaur G.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0629-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac6369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/ijcis.d.200724.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Jaramillo-Yanez L.Unapanta M. E.Benalc\u00e1zar in2019 IEEE Latin American Conf. on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI) IEEE Piscataway NJ2019 pp.1\u20136 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LA-CCI47412.2019.9036757.","DOI":"10.1109\/LA-CCI47412.2019.9036757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2019.2899222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Su S.Maji E.Kalogerakis E.Learned-Miller in:2015 IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV) IEEE Piscataway NJ2015 pp.945\u2013953. doi.ieeecomputersociety.org\/10.1109\/ICCV.2015.114.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3009383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/32.11.6491255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-016-0010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2006.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021446118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","unstructured":"I. J.Goodfellow et al. arXiv:1406.2661 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96547-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1992.262.3.C766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.356862"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/33\/12\/008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1997.0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","first-page":"0392","volume":"15","author":"Komiyama T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Angiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","first-page":"0009","volume":"80","author":"Mancini D. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.6.1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2150"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2019.2962760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","first-page":"0002","volume":"243","author":"Laughlin M. H.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.434486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1646417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.002791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/28387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.McIntosh A.Marzo M.Fraser inProc. of the 30th Annual ACM Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology - UIST \u201917 2017 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3126594.3126604.","DOI":"10.1145\/3126594.3126604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.909538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X20909688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.02.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Hettiarachchi Z.Ju H.Liu InProc. of the IEEE Inte. Conf. on Systems Man and Cybernetics2015 pp.1415\u20131420.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2015.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Li K.He X.Sun H.Liu Proc. IEEE 18th Int. Conf. e-Health Netw. Appl. Services (Healthcom) pp.1-6 Sep. 2016.","DOI":"10.1109\/HealthCom.2016.7749483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.Yang Y.Li Y.Fang H.Liu inProc. 8th Int. IEEE\/EMBS Conf. Neural Eng. (NER) IEEE Piscataway NJ May 2017 pp.118\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1109\/NER.2017.8008306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.2977908"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3177475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01430.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2020.105583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging4020029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3023495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Liu S.Zhang M.Gowda inProc. of the Web Conf. 2021 (WWW '21) Association for Computing Machinery New York NY2021 pp.1471\u20131482 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3442381.3449890.","DOI":"10.1145\/3442381.3449890"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. J.Cotton J.Rogers in2019 IEEE 16th Int. Conf. on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR) Toronto ON2019 pp.258\u2013263 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICORR.2019.8779538.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2019.8779538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2016.2641389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3133813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2924984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2305097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. J.Cotton J.Rogers 2019IEEE 16th Int. Conf. on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR) Toronto ON2019 pp.258\u2013263 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICORR.2019.8779538.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICORR.2019.8779538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_186_1","volume-title":"OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology","author":"OpenStax.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_187_1","unstructured":"A Guide to NIR: Understanding NIR Spectra AB Vista 2018 https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.abvista.com\/news\/a-guide-to-nir-understanding-nir-spectra (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_188_1","unstructured":"Prahl S.(1999). Optical Absorption of Hemoglobin OMLC https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/omlc.org\/spectra\/hemoglobin\/ (accessed: October 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.065284"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T23:45:42Z","timestamp":1759880742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202200351"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202200351","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2200351"}}