{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T20:54:57Z","timestamp":1779396897046,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asso for Info Science &amp;amp; Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines early warning from the users' perspective as a special category of information seeking. Specifically, we look at the 2009 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>ictorian bushfires in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia as an instructive case of early warning information seeking. The bushfires, the worst in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia's recorded history, were unique in its ferocity and damage caused, but also in the amount of data and research that was generated. We analyzed the affected residents' information needs, seeking and use in terms of their cognitive, affective, and situational dimensions. We found that residents wanted information that would act as a \u201ctrigger for action,\u201d provide timely warning, and indicate clearly fire severity. Nearly two thirds of residents surveyed did not receive an official warning. Almost half first found out that the bushfire was in their area through personal observation of smoke, embers, or flames. We suggest that a form of normalcy bias may have been at work during information seeking, causing people to interpret their situations as \u201cnormal\u201d even when disaster warnings have been issued. Although the authorities had adopted a \u201cStay or Go\u201d policy to help residents use warning information to decide between staying to defend their property or leaving early, the policy's effectiveness was undermined by information challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,2]],"date-time":"2014-01-02T05:49:28Z","timestamp":1388641768000},"page":"84-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Early warning information seeking in the 2009 <scp>V<\/scp>ictorian <scp>B<\/scp>ushfires"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Chun Wei","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information University of Toronto  140, St. George Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indrani","family":"Nadarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information University of Toronto  140, St. George Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3G6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"AFAC (Australasian Fire Authorities Council). (2005). Position Paper on Bushfires and Community Safety. Paper no.: TEN.001.001.0078. East Melbourne Victoria: AFAC Limited."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2006.1819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-7112(00)00014-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","unstructured":"Best C.(2008 October 27). Vic faces \u201cextreme bushfire heat.\u201d The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from:https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/news.smh.com.au\/national\/vic\u2010faces\u2010extreme\u2010bushfire\u2010threat\u201020081027\u201059p4.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Bushfire CRC (Cooperative Research Centre). (2009). Victorian 2009 bushfire research response interim report. Retrieved from:https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.royalcommission.vic.gov.au\/getdoc\/237e7653\u20108d96\u2010437f\u20108252\u201045c3a1170470\/CRC.300.001.0001_R.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Bushfire CRC (Cooperative Research Centre). (2010). Victorian 2009 bushfire research response household mail survey. Retrieved from:https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.bushfirecrc.com\/managed\/resource\/mail\u2010survey\u2010report\u201010\u20101\u201010\u2010rt\u20102.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior","author":"Case D.O.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"CFA (Country Fire Authority). (2012). Home page. 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Retrieved from:https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.fao.org\/forestry\/32063\u20100613ebe395f6ff02fdecd13b7749f39ea.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Empirical methods for bioethics: a primer","author":"Forman J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"Government of Victoria. (2009) Response to the Royal Commission interim report. Retrieved from:https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.dse.vic.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0020\/100496\/310809_\u2010_pdf.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1998.3940"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1075547007312309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"Griffiths T.(2009 February 16). We still have not lived long enough. Inside Story. 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