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The basis of the method, velocity estimation, is constructed to be inverse and optimized problem. We reduce the calculation cost through convex optimization and make the velocity field more accurate by coupling with Navier\u2013Stokes equations. The spatial resolution receives significant enhancement by applying advection on original data with higher\u2010resolution velocity field data generated by our method. The temporal resolution is improved by generating intermediate velocity fields through the solution of Navier\u2013Stokes equations. In this paper, we demonstrate that the accuracy of our velocity estimation method is clearly better than that of optical flow methods and the enhanced data show an attractive performance in fluid visualization. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cav.1694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T06:03:46Z","timestamp":1460527426000},"page":"405-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical\u2010based spatio\u2010temporal resolution enhancement of scalar data for fluid visualization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Liqun","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of China  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Stable fluids","volume":"1999","author":"Stam J","year":"2001","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10915-007-9166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531344"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315266008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2508363.2508401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112008003273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(81)90024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5201\/ipol.2013.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10851-007-0014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01106-1_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/38.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Transfer functions on a logarithmic scale for volume rendering","volume":"22","author":"Potts S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Computer Graphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Advanced GPU raycasting","volume":"5","author":"Scharsach H","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of CESCG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-012-0595-7"}],"container-title":["Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcav.1694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cav.1694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T11:44:58Z","timestamp":1693655098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cav.1694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cav.1694"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cav.1694","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-4261","1546-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-4261","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-427X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]}}}