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For our artificial bee colony\u2013based algorithm, secondary users that always struggle to discover an idle channel have a leading role. While honey bees work hard to find the best\u2010quality nectar source for foraging, secondary users try to find idle channels for making communication. In this way, secondary users are organized for different missions such as sensing and handoff similar to honey bees to minimize spectrum handoff delay by working together. In the spectrum handoff stage, some secondary users must sense the spectrum so that the interrupted secondary user may perform the spectrum handoff process. In our developed spectrum handoff algorithm, the spectrum availability characteristic is observed on the basis of the missions of the bees in the artificial bee colony algorithm with the aim of minimizing the spectrum handoff delay and maximizing probability of finding an idle channel. With the help of the algorithm that is developed using the artificial bee colony, spectrum handoff delay of secondary users is considerably decreased for different number of users without reducing probability of finding an available channel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T08:00:53Z","timestamp":1513152053000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Artificial bee colony\u2013based spectrum handoff algorithm in wireless cognitive radio networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammed Enes","family":"Bayrakdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department D\u00fczce University D\u00fczce Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"\u00c7alhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering Department D\u00fczce University D\u00fczce Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2012.121116"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangCW WangLC AdachiF. \u201cModeling and analysis for reactive\u2010decision Spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks \u201d2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010 Miami FL 2010:1\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2010.5683644"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WangCW WangLC. \u201cModeling and analysis for proactive\u2010decision spectrum handoff in cognitive radio networks \u201d2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications 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