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These factors extremely annoy the customers as well as providers. External resources are hired to overcome the resources scalability challenges; however, external resources cause higher delay, running time, and transfer cost. The lift in delay explicitly means more cost and more customers dissatisfaction. The delay and transfer cost increases with geographical distance and overutilization. In this article, a mechanism is proposed to make efficient migration decisions to external cloud service providers (CSPs) to minimize the delay, running time, and transfer cost by searching an optimum data center (DC), where the resources may be taken with optimum conditions. The Cloud Analyst is extended to simulate the proposed framework. Results were calculated for three different phenomena, where hiring the resources from underutilized DC decreases the running time to 0.237\u2009ms; however, the response time and transfer cost increases to 499\u2009ms and 0.228 $, respectively; similarly, getting the resources of nearest DC drops the delay time and transfer cost to 80\u2009ms and 0.065 $ respectively; however, the execution time increases to 0.500 ms. The proposed framework optimized the delay time, execution time and transfer cost to 50\u2009ms, 0.237\u2009ms, and 0.065 $, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.4686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T02:56:13Z","timestamp":1609728973000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Smart workload migration on external cloud service providers to minimize delay, running time, and transfer cost"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Afzal","family":"Badshah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Software Engineering International Islamic University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Software Engineering International Islamic University  Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1366-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azeem","family":"Irshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Govt. 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