{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:41:50Z","timestamp":1779295310396,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trans Emerging Tel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The existing Cramer\u2010Rao bound (CRB) expressions in the literature are not applicable to the problem of localization of mixed near\u2010field (NF) and far\u2010field (FF) sources, including noncoherent and coherent signals, using two\u2010dimensional arrays. Given the unique properties of circular arrays, in this article, the mathematical model of received signals in multipath environments, including a mixture of noncoherent and coherent NF\/FF signals, is introduced. Then, the stochastic CRBs associated with the above problem are derived. The compact closed\u2010form expression of CRB extracted in this article can be used for the algorithms under the above scenario as a benchmark to evaluate the estimation accuracy of azimuth DOA, elevation DOA, and range parameters as well as fading coefficient parameter. The simulation results show that the CRBs of the azimuth DOAs, elevation DOAs, ranges, and FCs decrease, on average, at a rate of approximately <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u22121.9<\/jats:sup>)<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u22121.9<\/jats:sup>)<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u22121.2<\/jats:sup>)<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u22121.8<\/jats:sup>)<\/jats:styled-content> as <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> (number of sensors) goes to infinity, respectively, where <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> is the notation of the asymptotic growth \nrate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.3971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]],"date-time":"2020-04-30T03:19:57Z","timestamp":1588216797000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Derivation of <scp>multidimensional<\/scp> stochastic <scp>Cramer\u2010Rao<\/scp> bound for mixture of noncoherent and coherent near\/far field signals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8470-7385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Masoud","family":"Molaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Babol Noshirvani University of Technology  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Hoseinzade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Babol Noshirvani University of Technology  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2018.5798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2017.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411597-2.00016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/97.917699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2005.855100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2016.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi6010155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DelmasJP GazzahH. CRB analysis of near\u2010field source localization using uniform circular arrays. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing;2013:3996\u20104000; IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2013.6638409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2012.2204248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERC19051002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2961226"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2180902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Cross\u2010layer design based on adaptive modulation and queuing for AF relay selection system","volume":"6","author":"Gilan MS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Comput Netw Wirel Commun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"GilanMS ManeshMY MohammadiA. Level crossing rate and average fade duration of amplify and forward relay channels with cochannel interference. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2016 22th European Wireless Conference European Wireless;2016:1\u20105."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GilanMS ManeshMY MahamB. Optimized target packet error rate for a new cross\u2010layer scheme in af relay selection system. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communication Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT);2016:1\u20106.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMNETSAT.2016.7907406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManeshMY OlfatA. Sigmoid function detector in the presence of heavy\u2010tailed noise for multiple antenna cognitive radio networks. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC);2017:1\u20105.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7996412"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8050525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el:20030819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.E92.B.1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2017.2788448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2008.916687"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2014.2327992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.2091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERM16082401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Classification and localization of mixed sources using uniform circular array under unknown mutual coupling","volume":"28","author":"Wang K","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2020.102696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.71.000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","unstructured":"SwindlehurstA KailathT. Passive direction\u2010of\u2010arrival and range estimation for near\u2010field sources. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ASSP Workshop on Spectrum Estimation and Modeling;1988:123\u2010128."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.13.001816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/5\/4\/360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"HandfieldJJ. High resolution source localization in near field sensor arrays by MVDR technique;2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2528\/PIER10080510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","unstructured":"HuK. Compressive sensing for near\u2010field source localization;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"NehoraiA PaldiE. Vector sensor processing for electromagnetic source localization. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 1991 Conference Record of the Twenty\u2010Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals Systems and Computers; Vol. 1991 1991:566\u2010572."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.275610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2003.821101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2009.2029723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/78.661337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2892021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2896083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","unstructured":"PetrochilosN vanderVeenAJ. Algorithms to separate overlapping secondary surveillance radar replies. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing;2004:ii\u201049; IEEE."}],"container-title":["Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fett.3971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ett.3971","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ett.3971","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ett.3971","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T05:00:54Z","timestamp":1693544454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ett.3971"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ett.3971"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ett.3971","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-3915","2161-3915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-3915","type":"print"},{"value":"2161-3915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e3971"}}