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Understanding how non-experts perceive these chatbots is essential, given their widespread use, complexity, and susceptibility to errors. This paper systematically reviews empirical studies on laypersons\u2019 perceptions and (mis-)conceptions of AI-chatbots. Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted advanced searches in Scopus, Web of Science, PubPsych, and PsycInfo. Out of 670 initial results, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for a detailed analysis. A qualitative thematic analysis of the investigated constructs identified six major themes in the literature, of which the theme\n                    <jats:italic>Knowledge and Awareness<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly underexplored, especially in studies involving non-academic populations. The results suggest that many laypersons lacked understanding of the capabilities and limitations of these tools, holding misconceptions such as the attribution of human-like language comprehension, the assumption that output quality depends solely on training data, or the\u2014at the time incorrect\u2014assumption that the systems can retrieve information in real time. Overall, we find a consistent pattern of overestimation of chatbot capabilities due to limited understanding. We lack studies testing whether myths about other AI systems also exist about AI-chatbots, as well as exploration of knowledge about AI-chatbots outside of academic samples and contexts. Building on a series of identified research gaps, we propose a research agenda that highlights the empirical work needed to better understand how the general public can be adequately informed about the use of AI chatbots.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-026-01323-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:20:22Z","timestamp":1774524022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laypersons\u2019 perceptions and misconceptions of AI-chatbots: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8388-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Schneller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Seier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1323_CR1","unstructured":"IBM (2025) What is a Chatbot? 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