{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T21:58:04Z","timestamp":1787176684508,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T18:10:45Z","timestamp":1700763045000},"page":"122588","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A model-agnostic, network theory-based framework for supporting XAI on classifiers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1947-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Bonifazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cauteruccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-4209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Corradini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3692-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3090-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Terracina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1360-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Ursino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Virgili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52138","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2870052","article-title":"Peeking inside the black-box: A survey on explainable artificial intelligence (XAI)","volume":"6","author":"Adadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b2","series-title":"NormLIME: A new feature importance metric for explaining deep neural networks","author":"Ahern","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies9030052","article-title":"Effect of data scaling methods on machine learning algorithms and model performance","volume":"9","author":"Ahsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b4","series-title":"Proc. of the international IEEE congress on information science and technology (CIST\u201920)","first-page":"156","article-title":"A new graph feature selection approach","author":"Akhiat","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b5","unstructured":"Asuncion, A., & Newman, D. (2007). UCI machine learning repository. Irvine, CA, USA: available online at:."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b6","series-title":"Explainable AI: Foundations, methodologies and applications","first-page":"61","article-title":"Methods and metrics for explaining artificial intelligence models: A review","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.12.012","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI","volume":"58","author":"Barredo Arrieta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2022.103095","article-title":"Investigating the COVID-19 vaccine discussions on Twitter through a multilayer network-based approach","volume":"59","author":"Bonifazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"1\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(98)00110-X","article-title":"The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine","volume":"30","author":"Brin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Computer Networks and ISDN systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b11","series-title":"Practical statistics for data scientist","author":"Bruce","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.1.12228","article-title":"A survey on the explainability of supervised machine learning","volume":"70","author":"Burkart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.05.009","article-title":"The four dimensions of social network analysis: An overview of research methods, applications, and software tools","volume":"63","author":"Camacho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Fusion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199","article-title":"LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines","volume":"2","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Machine learning can predict survival of patients with heart failure from serum creatinine and ejection fraction alone","volume":"20","author":"Chicco","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Explainable AI: To reveal the logic of black-box models","author":"Chinu","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2014.2380315","article-title":"A brief survey of PageRank algorithms","volume":"1","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b18","series-title":"Introduction to algorithms","author":"Cormen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b19","series-title":"Proc. of the international conference on neural information processing systems (NIPS\u201917)","first-page":"6970","article-title":"Real time image saliency for black box classifiers","author":"Dabkowski","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b20","series-title":"Proc. of the international symposium on security and privacy (SP\u201916)","first-page":"598","article-title":"Algorithmic transparency via quantitative input influence: Theory and experiments with learning systems","author":"Datta","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2020.08.019","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and business models in the sustainable development goals perspective: A systematic literature review","volume":"121","author":"Di Vaio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100379","article-title":"A survey on deep learning and its applications","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computer Science Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2786864","article-title":"The prediction of breast cancer biopsy outcomes using two cad approaches that both emphasize an intelligible decision process","volume":"34","author":"Elter","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Physics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1936.tb02137.x","article-title":"The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems","volume":"7","author":"Fisher","year":"1936","journal-title":"Annals of Eugenics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b25","series-title":"Proc. of the international IEEE conference on computer vision (ICCV\u201917)","first-page":"3449","article-title":"Interpretable explanations of black boxes by meaningful perturbation","author":"Fong","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10448-w","article-title":"Neurosymbolic AI: The 3rd wave","volume":"56","author":"Garcez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2017.11.003","article-title":"Network science of biological systems at different scales: A review","volume":"24","author":"Gosak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physics of Life Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v40i2.2850","article-title":"DARPA\u2019s explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) program","volume":"40","author":"Gunning","year":"2019","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b29","series-title":"Data mining: concepts and techniques - third edition","author":"Han","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b30","series-title":"Proc. of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV 2015)","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Delving deep into rectifiers: Surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-014-0368-8","article-title":"A peek into the black box: exploring classifiers by randomization","volume":"28","author":"Henelius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b32","series-title":"Interpreting classifiers through attribute interactions in datasets","author":"Henelius","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b33","unstructured":"Ienco, D., Meo, R., & Botta, M. (2008). Using PageRank in Feature Selection. In Proc. of the symposium on advanced database systems (SEBD\u201908) (pp. 93\u2013100). Mondello, Palermo, Italy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.119456","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for industry 4.0: Systematic review of applications, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"216","author":"Jan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"2\u201339","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trustworthy artificial intelligence: A review","volume":"55","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118651","article-title":"Artificial emotional intelligence: Conventional and deep learning approach","volume":"212","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"9\u2013177","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trustworthy AI: From principles to practices","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b38","unstructured":"Lopez-Rojas, E., Elmir, A., & Axelsson, S. (2016). Paysim: A financial mobile money simulator for fraud detection. In Proc. of the European Modeling and Simulation Symposium (EMSS\u201916) (pp. 249\u2013255). Larnaca, Cyprus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b39","unstructured":"Lundberg, S., & Lee, S. (2017). A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. In Proc. of the international conference on neural information processing systems (NIPS\u201917) (pp. 4768\u20134777). Long Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113941","article-title":"Post-hoc explanation of black-box classifiers using confident itemsets","volume":"165","author":"Moradi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12051092","article-title":"An empirical survey on explainable AI technologies: Recent trends, use-cases, and categories from technical and application perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Nagahisarchoghaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b42","series-title":"Networks","author":"Newman","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b43","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on deep learning: Algorithms, techniques, and applications","volume":"51","author":"Pouyanfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.05.016","article-title":"Online feature importance ranking based on sensitivity analysis","volume":"85","author":"Razmjoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M., Singh, S., & Guestrin, C. (2016). \u201cWhy should I trust you?\u201d Explaining the predictions of any classifier. In Proc. of the international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD\u201916) (pp. 1135\u20131144). San Francisco, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939778"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roffo, G., Melzi, S., Castellani, U., & Vinciarelli, A. (2017). Infinite Latent Feature selection: A probabilistic latent graph-based ranking approach. In Proc. of the international IEEE conference on computer vision (ICCV\u201917) (pp. 1398\u20131406). Venice, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.156"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b47","series-title":"Semantic scholar","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved dynamic event-triggered security control for T\u2013S fuzzy LPV-PDE systems via pointwise measurements and point control","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Fuzzy Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-08361-y","article-title":"Quantized neural adaptive finite-time preassigned performance control for interconnected nonlinear systems","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Computing and Applications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/osporns","article-title":"Graph theory methods: applications in brain networks","volume":"20","author":"Sporns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b51","first-page":"1","article-title":"An efficient explanation of individual classifications using game theory","volume":"11","author":"Strumbelj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2009.01.004","article-title":"Explaining instance classifications with interactions of subsets of feature values","volume":"68","author":"\u0160trumbelj","year":"2009","journal-title":"Data & Knowledge Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/acs.3546","article-title":"Composite adaptive finite-time fuzzy control for switched nonlinear systems with preassigned performance","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"7873","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03828-1","article-title":"Highly accurate protein structure prediction for the human proteome","volume":"596","author":"Tunyasuvunakool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15210:1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19419-7","article-title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence through graph theory by generalized social network analysis-based classifier","volume":"12","author":"Ucer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.02.069","article-title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence and machine learning in smart cities","volume":"154","author":"Ullah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computer Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106337","article-title":"A novel hybrid feature selection method based on dynamic feature importance","volume":"93","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115430","article-title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence for manufacturing cost estimation and machining feature visualization","volume":"183","author":"Yoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0305-z","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare","volume":"2","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b60","series-title":"Proc. of the seventeenth international Florida artificial intelligence research society conference (FLAIRS 2004)","first-page":"562","article-title":"The optimality of Naive Bayes","author":"Zhang","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5\u2013103","key":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588_b61","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the explainability of natural language processing deep models","volume":"55","author":"Zini","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems with Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417423030907?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0957417423030907?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T07:03:42Z","timestamp":1760684622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0957417423030907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0957417423030907"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-4174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-4174","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A model-agnostic, network theory-based framework for supporting XAI on classifiers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Expert Systems with Applications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122588","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"122588"}}