{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:31:01Z","timestamp":1773181861852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":175,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["432399058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["432399058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1722010970000},"page":"1312-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sensing the Unseen \u2013 Using CO2 as a Key Indicator for Occupancy Detection in Smart Collaboration Spaces"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"239","author":[{"given":"Mevludin","family":"Blazevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold F.","family":"Arz von Straussenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis M.","family":"Riehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2498304","article-title":"The Virtual Object as a Major Element of the Internet of Things: A Survey","volume":"18","author":"Nitti","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4582","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alyasiri H, Clark JA, Malik A, Fr\u00e9in R de. Grammatical Evolution for Detecting Cyberattacks in Internet of Things Environments. 2021 International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), 2021, p. 1-6. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCCN52240.2021.9522283.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCN52240.2021.9522283"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4583","unstructured":"Minteer A. Analytics for the Internet of Things (IoT): intelligent analytics for your intelligent devices. Birmingham, UK: Packt; 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4584","unstructured":"Chui M, Collins M, Patel M. The Internet of Things: Catching up to an accelerating opportunity 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-016-3842-3","article-title":"The IoT Architectural Framework, Design Issues and Application Domains","volume":"92","author":"Garda\u0161evi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wireless Pers Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4586","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061379","article-title":"Tracking the Evolution of the Internet of Things Concept Across Different Application Domains","volume":"17","author":"Ibarra-Esquer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4587","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8774","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3048439","article-title":"Application Domains, Evaluation Data Sets, and Research Challenges of IoT: A Systematic Review","volume":"8","author":"Lohiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4588","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5120\/ijca2019918763","article-title":"The Internet of Things (IoT) and its Application Domains","volume":"182","author":"Perwej","year":"2019","journal-title":"IJCA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4589","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061349","article-title":"The Campus as a Smart City: University of M\u00e1laga Environmental, Learning, and Research Approaches","volume":"19","author":"Fortes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9640","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159640","article-title":"A Smart Campus Framework: Challenges and Opportunities for Education Based on the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"14","author":"Silva-da-N\u00f3brega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/info9100251","article-title":"What Smart Campuses Can Teach Us about Smart Cities: User Experiences and Open Data","volume":"9","author":"Vasileva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4592","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach B, Wilhelmer D, Palensky P. Smart buildings, smart cities and governing innovation in the new millennium. 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, 2010, p. 8-14. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INDIN.2010.5549478.","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2010.5549478"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4593","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1108\/SASBE-01-2014-0003","article-title":"What is a Smart Building?","volume":"3","author":"Buckman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Smart and Sustainable Built Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4594","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blazevic M, Riehle DM. University of Things: Opportunities and Challenges for a Smart Campus Environment based on IoT Sensors and Business Processes. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security IoTBDS - Volume 1, 2023, p. 105-14. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0011761900003482.","DOI":"10.5220\/0011761900003482"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110534","article-title":"Method for long-term mapping of occupancy patterns in open-plan and single office spaces by using passive-infrared (PIR) sensors mounted below desks","volume":"230","author":"Sheikh Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4596","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arz von Straussenburg AF, Blazevic M, Riehle DM. Measuring the Actual Office Workspace Utilization in a Desk Sharing Environment Based on IoT Sensors. In: Gerber A, Baskerville R, editors. Design Science Research for a New Society: Society 5.0, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland; 2023, p. 69-83. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-32808-4_5.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-32808-4_5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4597","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/0960085X.2018.1451811","article-title":"An elaborated action design research process model","volume":"28","author":"Mullarkey","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Information Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4598","unstructured":"Baiyere A, Venkatesh V, Donnellan B, Tabet S, Topi H. IoT - Towards a Research Agenda for Information Systems. Proceddings of the Twenty-Second Americas Conference on Information Systems, San Diego: 2016, p. 3."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4599","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannotta M, Meret C, Marchetti G. Defining leadership in smart working contexts: A concept synthesis. Frontiers in Psychology 2020;11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.556933"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2020.107360","article-title":"Spatial Seated Occupancy Detection in Offices with a Chair-Based Temperature Sensor Array","volume":"187","author":"Wagner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.3390\/s22062371","article-title":"Using Stream Data Processing for Real-Time Occupancy Detection in Smart Buildings","volume":"22","author":"Elkhoukhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan J, Cho TY, Bardhan R. Occupancy level prediction based on a sensor-detected dataset in a co-working space. Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation, Boston Massachusetts: ACM; 2022, p. 340-7. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3563357.3566133.","DOI":"10.1145\/3563357.3566133"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fbuil.2020.00113","article-title":"Spacematch: Using Environmental Preferences to Match Occupants to Suitable Activity-Based Workspaces","volume":"6","author":"Sood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Built Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hevner A, Chatterjee S. Design Science Research in Information Systems. In: Hevner A, Chatterjee S, editors. Design Research in Information Systems: Theory and Practice, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2010, p. 9-22. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-5653-8_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-5653-8_2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4606","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peffers K, Rothenberger M, Tuunanen T, Vaezi R. Design Science Research Evaluation. In: Peffers K, Rothenberger M, Kuechler B, editors. Design Science Research in Information Systems. Advances in Theory and Practice, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 398-410. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_29.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4607","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaishnavi VK, Kuechler-Jr. W. Design Science Research Methods and Patterns. Innovating Information and Communication Technology. vol. 53. Crc Press; 2015. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004.","DOI":"10.1201\/b18448"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4608","unstructured":"Iivari J. Information Systems as a Design Science: Some concerns. In: Vasilecas O, Wojtkowski W, Zupan\u010di\u010d J, Caplinskas A, Wojtkowski WG, Wrycza S, editors. Information Systems Development, Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005, p. 15-27."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4609","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duc AN, Abrahamsson P. Minimum Viable Product or Multiple Facet Product? The Role of MVP in Software Startups. In: Sharp H, Hall T, editors. Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016, p. 118-30. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-33515-5_10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33515-5_10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonnenberg C, vom Brocke J. Evaluations in the Science of the Artificial-Reconsidering the Build-Evaluate Pattern in Design Science Research. In: Peffers K, Rothenberger M, Kuechler B, editors. Design Science Research in Information Systems. Advances in Theory and Practice, vol. 7286, Berlin\/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2012, p. 381-97. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_28.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29863-9_28"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolters A, Blazevic M, Riehle DM. On-Premise Internet of Things (IoT) Data Storage: Comparison of Database Management Systems. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security IoTBDS - Volume 1, 2023, p. 140-9. https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0011851200003482.","DOI":"10.5220\/0011851200003482"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301_bib4612","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-008-0301-9","article-title":"Sick building syndrome in relation to air exchange rate, CO2, room temperature and relative air humidity in university computer classrooms: an experimental study","volume":"82","author":"Norb\u00e4ck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Procedia Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050924015448?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1877050924015448?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:01:15Z","timestamp":1744502475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1877050924015448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S1877050924015448"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-0509"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-0509","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sensing the Unseen \u2013 Using CO2 as a Key Indicator for Occupancy Detection in Smart Collaboration Spaces","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Procedia Computer Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2024.06.301","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}