{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:25:02Z","timestamp":1781195102901,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Quantum Communication"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is increasingly pivotal in securing communication channels against the looming threats posed by quantum computing. However, existing QKD protocols encounter challenges related to efficiency and transmission capabilities. In response, this research investigates the integration of metamaterials into QKD systems, aiming to fortify security and enhance practicality. In the current landscape of quantum communication, where the vulnerability of classical encryption methods is magnified by rapid advancements in quantum computing, finding innovative solutions is imperative. This study is motivated by the need to strengthen the security and viability of QKD protocols to meet the demands of evolving cryptographic threats. By integrating metamaterials, the authors optimise quantum state control, improve signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR), and enable longer transmission distances. Through mathematical modelling and simulations, the authors demonstrate how metamaterials reduce errors and enhance the robustness of QKD systems. Our findings show significant improvements in transmission efficiency and security, making Metamaterial\u2010Based Quantum Key Distribution (MQKD) a promising approach for future quantum communication networks. The study not only advances the understanding of the theoretical foundations, but also presents simulated results illustrating the practical effectiveness of MQKD. The exploration of these innovative techniques contributes to the ongoing efforts to secure quantum communication channels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1049\/qtc2.12116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T10:24:16Z","timestamp":1729333456000},"page":"399-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advancing quantum communication security: Metamaterial based quantum key distribution with enhanced protocols"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sujit","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh  Jote Arunachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1592-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajat S.","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh  Jote Arunachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2492-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Hemant","family":"Kumar Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering VIT\u2010AP University  Amaravati Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachi Nandan","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering VIT\u2010AP University  Amaravati Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0355-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Altaf","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Engineering Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University  Al\u2010Kharj Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22331\/q\u20102018\u201008\u201006\u201079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SFCS.1994.365700"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/qtc2.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-31517-1_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010019\u20101666\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-2174-3_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2020.3024956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/aa779d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2007.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Bennett C.H. 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