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Causal models implemented as Bayesian networks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BN<\/jats:styled-content>s) are attractive for modeling all of these processes within a single, unified framework. We elicited declarative knowledge from two Royal Australian Air Force (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAAF<\/jats:styled-content>) fighter pilots about the information sources used in the identification (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>) of airborne entities and the causal relationships between these sources. This knowledge was represented in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BN<\/jats:styled-content> (the declarative model) that was evaluated against the performance of 19 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAAF<\/jats:styled-content> fighter pilots in a low\u2010fidelity simulation. Pilot behavior was well predicted by a simple associative model (the behavioral model) with only three attributes of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ID<\/jats:styled-content>. Search for information by pilots was largely compensatory and was near\u2010optimal with respect to the behavioral model. The average revision of beliefs in response to evidence was close to Bayesian, but there was substantial variability. Together, these results demonstrate the value of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BN<\/jats:styled-content>s for modeling human <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]],"date-time":"2018-06-24T17:43:46Z","timestamp":1529862226000},"page":"2181-2204","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inference in the Wild: A Framework for Human Situation Assessment and a Case Study of Air Combat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ken","family":"McAnally","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Division Defence Science and Technology Group Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced VTOL Technologies"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ScienceFX"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray","family":"Stimson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aerospace Division Defence Science and Technology Group Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Mascaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayesian Intelligence Clayton Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Korb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayesian Intelligence Clayton Victoria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Proceedings for the Third Annual Symposium on Situational Awareness in the Tactical Air Environment","author":"Adams S.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.98.3.409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1763.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIF.2002.1020903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Boyd J. 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