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Yet it has also been argued from case studies in perceptual\u2013motor pathology that hand gestures are a special kind of action that does not require closed\u2010loop re\u2010afferent feedback to maintain synchrony with speech. In the current pre\u2010registered within\u2010subject study, we used motion tracking to conceptually replicate McNeill's (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#cogs12721-bib-0037\"\/>) classic study on gesture\u2013speech synchrony under normal and 150\u00a0ms delayed auditory feedback of speech conditions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO DAF<\/jats:styled-content> vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAF<\/jats:styled-content>). Consistent with, and extending McNeill's original results, we obtain evidence that (a) gesture\u2010speech synchrony is <jats:italic>more<\/jats:italic> stable under <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DAF<\/jats:styled-content> versus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO DAF<\/jats:styled-content> (i.e., increased coupling effect), (b) that gesture and speech variably entrain to the external auditory delay as indicated by a consistent shift in gesture\u2010speech synchrony offsets (i.e., entrainment effect), and (c) that the coupling effect and the entrainment effect are co\u2010dependent. We suggest, therefore, that gesture\u2013speech synchrony provides a way for the cognitive system to stabilize rhythmic activity under interfering conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:51Z","timestamp":1553040051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Entrainment and Modulation of Gesture\u2013Speech Synchrony Under Delayed Auditory Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Wim","family":"Pouw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action University of Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Education&amp; Child Studies Erasmus University Rotterdam"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action University of Connecticut"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"PRAAT, a system for doing phonetics by computer","volume":"5","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glot International"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign languages: Lexicographic matters and didactic scenarios","author":"Crasborn O.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Danner G. 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