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Such controls are dependent on partners acting in good faith in the relationship and abiding by relational norms and so do not recognize the risks of firms lying, falsifying data, or intentionally circumventing process\u2010based controls. Data on automotive recalls shows that recalls exhibit a statistically significant oscillatory pattern with an estimated period of around 3.6 years. We argue that the cyclical pattern in automotive recalls is due, in part, to opportunistic behavior within a network, which is likely to spread and be reciprocated. To test whether opportunism can lead to similar network effects, we develop an agent\u2010based simulation to model opportunism within a network of connected firms. The simulation is based on an extension of the prisoner's dilemma where the cooperate\/defect decision is based on a dyadic relational model driven by trust, knowledge, and dependence levels within each relationship. The results from the simulation suggest that cyclical patterns, similar to those in automotive recalls, emerge as well as \u201cbehavioral clustering\u201d within the network, where connected firms exhibit highly similar behaviors that tend to cycle within small clusters. Therefore, opportunistic behavior in supply networks might be an important, relational determinant of product recalls. Our dynamic modeling approach differs from current perspectives on understanding product recalls, contributing to the current literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T07:42:17Z","timestamp":1594798937000},"page":"1326-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Subverting Process\u2010Based Controls: Oscillation in Automotive Recalls and a Simulation on Opportunism within a Network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"DuHadway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business Portland State University  Portland OR 97201 USA"}]},{"given":"Ram","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad College of Business Michigan State University  East Lansing MI 48824 USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2015.0522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.2000.2893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2012.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.1110.0366"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/msom.2017.0661"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/11\/114005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.49.4.432.14428"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Borshchev A. &Filippov A.(2004).From system dynamics and discrete event to practical agent based modeling: Reasons techniques tools.Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. 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