{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T04:54:33Z","timestamp":1750308873501,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"108","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,4,1]],"date-time":"1989-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":607392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SIGART Bull."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Automated knowledge-acquisition tools can assist system builders in the creation of knowledge bases for expert systems. An important class of such tools includes programs that contain detailed models of families of application tasks. Users enter knowledge about particular applications into these tools in terms of the predefined task models that the tools incorporate. Construction of such tools, however, has itself proven to be laborious. PROT&amp;Eacute;G&amp;Eacute; is an interactive program that assists knowledge engineers in the construction of task models, and that automatically generates custom-tailored, graphical knowledge-acquisition tools based on those models. Domain experts independently use the knowledge-acquisition tools that PROT&amp;Eacute;G&amp;Eacute; generates to enter the knowledge that defines individual applications. The methodology simplifies the development of task-based knowledge-acquisition aids, and allows system builders to separate the difficult, model-building part of knowledge acquisition from the more straightforward entry of content knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/63266.63272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,17]],"date-time":"2007-01-17T18:32:02Z","timestamp":1169058722000},"page":"45-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge acquisition at the metalevel: creation of custom-tailored knowledge-acquisition tools"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Musen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","first-page":"537","volume-title":"The First Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications","author":"Freiling M.J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00244995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80035-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/8.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA201187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Musen M.A. (1988b) Generation of Model-Based Knowledge-Acquisition Tools for Clinical-Trial Advice Systems. Ph.D. thesis Stanford University Report STAN-CS-88-1194.   Musen M.A. (1988b) Generation of Model-Based Knowledge-Acquisition Tools for Clinical-Trial Advice Systems. Ph.D. thesis Stanford University Report STAN-CS-88-1194."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80039-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Hendler, J. (ed.) Expert Systems: The User Interface","author":"Musen M.A.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"876","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Shortliffe E.H.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winograd and Flores (1986) Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Norwood New Jersey: Ablex.   Winograd and Flores (1986) Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Norwood New Jersey: Ablex.","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90026-9"}],"container-title":["ACM SIGART Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/63266.63272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/63266.63272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T21:15:16Z","timestamp":1750281316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/63266.63272"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"108","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/63266.63272"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1145\/63266.63272","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-5719"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-5719"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1989-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}