{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:16:59Z","timestamp":1710202619723},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MIT Press","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>LeDoux [LeDoux, J. E. The emotional brain. New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, 1996] motivated the direct route in his dual-pathway model by arguing that the ability to switch rapidly between different modes of behavior is highly adaptive. This motivation was supported by evolutionary simulations [den Dulk, P., Heerebout, B. T., &amp; Phaf, R. H. A computational study into the evolution of dual-route dynamics for affective processing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 194\u2013208, 2003], in which foraging agents, controlled by simple inheritable neural networks, navigated an artificial world while avoiding predation. After many generations, a dual-processing architecture evolved that enabled a rapid switch to avoidance behavior when a predator appeared. We added recurrent connections to a new \u201ccontext\u201d layer in the indirect pathway to provide the agents with a working memory of previous input (i.e., a \u201ccontext\u201d). Unexpectedly, agents with oscillating networks emerged that had a much higher fitness than agents without oscillations. Oscillations seemed to have similar effects on switching speed as the dual-processing architecture, but they enhanced switching efficacy to a much larger degree. There has been much neurobiological speculation on the function, if any, of neural oscillations. These findings suggest that the facilitation of switching behavior is a likely candidate. Moreover, the strongly improved adaptation in the simulations contradicts the position that neural oscillations are merely a by-product of cell firing and have no functional value [Pareti, G., &amp; De Palma, A. Does the brain oscillate? The dispute on neuronal synchronization. Neurological Sciences, 25, 41\u201347, 2004].<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T18:20:03Z","timestamp":1237573203000},"page":"807-823","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/dx.doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Emergent Oscillations in Evolutionary Simulations: Oscillating Networks Increase Switching Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bram T.","family":"Heerebout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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