{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T12:54:33Z","timestamp":1782824073232,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MIT Press - Journals","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["direct.mit.edu"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Testosterone plays a role in aggressive behavior, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The present study tested the hypothesis that testosterone influences aggression through the OFC, a region implicated in self-regulation and impulse control. In a decision-making paradigm in which people chose between aggression and monetary reward (the ultimatum game), testosterone was associated with increased aggression following social provocation (rejecting unfair offers). The effect of testosterone on aggression was explained by reduced activity in the medial OFC. The findings suggest that testosterone increases the propensity toward aggression because of reduced activation of the neural circuitry of impulse control and self-regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]],"date-time":"2009-11-20T04:59:10Z","timestamp":1258693150000},"page":"2357-2368","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1162\/mitpressjournals.corrections.policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":231,"title":["Neural Mechanisms of the Testosterone\u2013Aggression Relation: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1162","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pranjal H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Columbia University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University of Texas, Austin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"281","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021072900441972700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00458.x","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroid treatment induces behavioral disinhibition and downregulation of serotonin receptor mRNA in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of male mice.","volume":"8","author":"Ambar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes, Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231","article-title":"Human aggression.","volume":"53","author":"Anderson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007","article-title":"Testosterone and human aggression: An evaluation of the challenge hypothesis.","volume":"30","author":"Archer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2337(1998)24:6<411::AID-AB2>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"The association between testosterone and aggression in young men: Empirical findings and a meta-analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Archer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2004.01.001","article-title":"Testosterone and aggression: A reanalysis of Book, Starzyk, and Quinsey's (2001) study.","volume":"10","author":"Archer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20283","article-title":"Does cost-benefit analysis or self-control predict involvement in bullying behavior by male prisoners?","volume":"35","author":"Archer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aggressive Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator\u2013mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli0701_1","article-title":"Self-regulation failure: An overview.","volume":"7","author":"Baumeister","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295","article-title":"Emotion, decision making, and the orbitofrontal cortex.","volume":"10","author":"Bechara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R10","first-page":"148","article-title":"Patient methodologies for the study of social and personality processes.","volume-title":"Methods in social neuroscience","author":"Beer","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.4.594","article-title":"The regulatory function of self-conscious emotion: Insights from patients with orbitofrontal damage.","volume":"85","author":"Beer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2006.18.6.871","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex and social behavior: Integrating self-monitoring and emotion-cognition interactions.","volume":"18","author":"Beer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R13","first-page":"1091","article-title":"Frontal lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and social behavior.","volume-title":"The newest cognitive neurosciences","author":"Beer","year":"2004","edition":"3rd ed."},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00276-8","article-title":"The roles of orbital frontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behavior.","volume":"55","author":"Blair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(96)00129-5","article-title":"The effects of gonadal steroids on brain stimulation reward in female rats.","volume":"82","author":"Bless","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R16","article-title":"Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox.","volume":"16","author":"Brett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005275089","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of aggressive and violent behavior: Current findings and implications for criminology and criminal justice.","volume":"6","author":"Bufkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence, and Abuse"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R18","first-page":"2327","article-title":"High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers.","volume":"274","author":"Burnham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.10.018","article-title":"Testosterone responses to competition predict future aggressive behaviour at a cost to reward in men.","volume":"343","author":"Carre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290","article-title":"Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children.","volume":"297","author":"Caspi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.024","article-title":"Amygdala and orbitofrontal reactivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression.","volume":"62","author":"Coccaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R22","first-page":"801","article-title":"Testosterone versus psychological castration in the expression of dominance, territoriality and breeding behavior by male village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus).","volume":"139","author":"Collias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R23","article-title":"Brainweb: Online interface to a 3D MRI simulated brain database.","volume":"5","author":"Cosoco","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155577","article-title":"Serotonin modulates behavioral reactions to unfairness.","volume":"320","author":"Crockett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8178168","article-title":"The return of Phineas Gage: Clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient.","volume":"264","author":"Damasio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5479.591","article-title":"Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation-a possible prelude to violence.","volume":"289","author":"Davidson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(95)02246-5","article-title":"Testosterone facilitates aggression by modulating vasopressin receptors in the hypothalamus.","volume":"60","author":"Delville","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiology and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128356","article-title":"Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain.","volume":"313","author":"De Martino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4541-9","volume-title":"An introduction to the bootstrap.","author":"Efron","year":"1993"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R30","first-page":"2433","article-title":"Estrogen or testosterone increases self-reported aggressive behaviors in hypogonadal adolescents.","volume":"82","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19990915)40:4<446::AID-NEU3>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Immunoreactivity for intracellular androgen receptors in identified subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in primate prefrontal cortex.","volume":"40","author":"Finley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R32","first-page":"RA136","article-title":"Testosterone and aggressiveness.","volume":"1","author":"Giammanco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00060","article-title":"Addiction change orbitofrontal gyrus function: Involvement in response inhibition.","volume":"12","author":"Goldstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(01)00100-4","article-title":"Dominance and testosterone in women.","volume":"58","author":"Grant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2681(82)90011-7","article-title":"An experimental analysis of ultimatum bargaining.","volume":"3","author":"G\u00fcth","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01394-7","article-title":"Androgen inhibits neurotransmitter turnover in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat following exposure to a novel environment.","volume":"751","author":"Handa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.1.16","article-title":"Two types of aggression are differentially related to serotonergic activity and the A779C TPH polymorphism.","volume":"119","author":"Hennig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.013","article-title":"Exogenous testosterone enhances responsiveness to social threat in the neural circuitry of social aggression in humans.","volume":"63","author":"Hermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.6.999","article-title":"The mismatch effect: When testosterone and status are at odds.","volume":"90","author":"Josephs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4606-06.2007","article-title":"Irrational economic decision-making after ventromedial prefrontal damage: Evidence from the ultimatum game.","volume":"27","author":"Koenigs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1747","article-title":"The human orbitofrontal cortex: Linking reward to hedonic experience.","volume":"6","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: Evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology.","volume":"72","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2065","article-title":"Game theory and neural basis of social decision making.","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00143-7","article-title":"Smaller volume of prefrontal lobe in polysubstance abusers: A magnetic resonance imaging study.","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013327","article-title":"Effortful control, explicit processing, and the regulation of human evolved predispositions.","volume":"115","author":"MacDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.09.017","article-title":"Aromatase immunoreactivity in the bluehead wrasse brain, Thalassoma bifasciatum: Immunolocalization and co-regionalization with arginine vasotocin and tyrosine hydroxylase.","volume":"1126","author":"Marsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20588","article-title":"A voxel-based morphometry study of frontal gray matter correlates of impulsivity.","volume":"30","author":"Matsuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X98001228","article-title":"Testosterone and dominance in men.","volume":"21","author":"Mazur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R49","unstructured":"Mehta, P. H.\n           (2007). The endocrinology of personality, leadership, and economic decision-making. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin."},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.6.1078","article-title":"The social endocrinology of dominance: Basal testosterone predicts cortisol changes and behavior following victory and defeat.","volume":"94","author":"Mehta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.07.001","article-title":"Testosterone change after losing predicts the decision to compete again.","volume":"50","author":"Mehta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R52","unstructured":"Mehta, P. H., & \n            \n              Josephs, R. A.\n           (2008). The testosterone\u2013behavior relation depends on cortisol: Convergent evidence in the domains of competition and leadership. Talk presented at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Conference, Albuquerque, NM."},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21011","article-title":"Reward and social valuation deficits following ventromedial prefrontal damage.","volume":"21","author":"Moretti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1913-8","article-title":"Fluoxetine increases relative metabolic rate in prefrontal cortex in impulsive aggression.","volume":"176","author":"New","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2004.09.008","article-title":"Testosterone, cognition, and social status.","volume":"47","author":"Newman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031354","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on mood, aggression, and sexual behavior in young men: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.","volume":"89","author":"O'Connor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/82959","article-title":"Abstract reward and punishment representations in the human orbitofrontal cortex.","volume":"4","author":"O'Doherty","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1996.0002","article-title":"Social modulation of sex steroid concentrations in the urine of male cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus.","volume":"30","author":"Oliveira","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hormones and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.09.005","article-title":"Adrenal androgen and gonadal hormone levels in adolescent girls with conduct disorder.","volume":"31","author":"Pajer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.11.1772","article-title":"Neural correlates of imaginal aggressive behavior assessed by positron emission tomography in healthy subjects.","volume":"157","author":"Pietrini","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1006\/obhd.1996.0100","article-title":"Unfairness, anger, and spite: Emotional rejections of ultimatum offers.","volume":"68","author":"Pillutla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.2.133","article-title":"Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial.","volume":"57","author":"Pope","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.006","article-title":"Cortisol moderates the relationship between testosterone and aggression in delinquent male adolescents.","volume":"61","author":"Popma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206553","article-title":"SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models.","volume":"36","author":"Preacher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01650-8","article-title":"Decision making and neuropsychiatry.","volume":"5","author":"Rahman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1999.tb07240.x","article-title":"Serum testosterone levels, mental disorders and criminal behaviour.","volume":"99","author":"Rasanen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.07.008","article-title":"Testosterone levels and sexual maturation predict substance use disorders in adolescent boys: A prospective study.","volume":"61","author":"Reynolds","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.12.1518","article-title":"Emotion-related learning in patients with social and emotional changes associated with frontal lobe damage.","volume":"57","author":"Rolls","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00165-1","article-title":"Effects of testosterone on aggressive behaviour after social mixing in male lambs.","volume":"68","author":"Ruiz-de-la-Torre","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiology and Behavior"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082976","article-title":"The neural basis of economic decision-making in the ultimatum game.","volume":"13","author":"Sanfey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(91)90015-L","article-title":"Testicular function, social rank and personality among wild baboons.","volume":"16","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R72","first-page":"17","article-title":"Assessment of salivary hormones.","volume-title":"Methods in social neuroscience","author":"Schultheiss","year":"2009"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.4.422","article-title":"Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations.","volume":"7","author":"Shrout","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07111774","article-title":"Neurobiology of aggression and violence.","volume":"165","author":"Siever","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301417","article-title":"A non-additive interaction of a functional MAO-A VNTR and testosterone predicts antisocial behavior.","volume":"33","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00143-1","article-title":"Testosterone as a biological marker in psychopathy and alcoholism.","volume":"77","author":"Stalenheim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/13554790801992743","article-title":"Sex, aggression and impulse control: An integrative account.","volume":"14","author":"Str\u00fcber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02091.x","article-title":"The sunny side of fairness: Preference for fairness activates reward circuitry (and disregarding unfairness activates self-control circuitry).","volume":"19","author":"Tabibnia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R79","volume-title":"A co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain.","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100101052","article-title":"Alterations with aging of the endocrine and neuroendocrine circadian system in humans.","volume":"17","author":"Touitou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2005.11.001","article-title":"Estrogenic encounters: How interactions between aromatase and the environment modulate aggression.","volume":"27","author":"Trainor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38141.x","article-title":"Social and emotional self-regulation.","volume":"769","author":"Tucker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978","article-title":"Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation.","volume":"15","author":"Tzourio-Mazoyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.01955.x","article-title":"Testosterone reduces conscious detection of signals serving social correction: Implications for antisocial behavior.","volume":"18","author":"van Honk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2003.08.007","article-title":"Testosterone shifts the balance between sensitivity for punishment and reward in healthy young women.","volume":"7","author":"van Honk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.115.1.238","article-title":"A single administration of testosterone induces cardiac accelerative responses to angry faces in healthy young women.","volume":"115","author":"van Honk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.2","article-title":"Testosterone increases amygdala reactivity in middle-aged women to a young adulthood level.","volume":"34","author":"van Wingen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0346-5","article-title":"Affective state and decision-making in the ultimatum game.","volume":"169","author":"van't Wout","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2008.03.016","article-title":"Estradiol, testosterone, differential association and aggressive and non-aggressive risk-taking in adolescent girls.","volume":"33","author":"Vermeersch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010020003","article-title":"CSF biochemistries, glucose metabolism, and diurnal activity rhythms in alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers.","volume":"51","author":"Virkkunen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1539","article-title":"Drug addiction: The neurobiology of behaviour gone awry.","volume":"5","author":"Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1086\/285134","article-title":"The \u201cchallenge hypothesis\u201d: Theoretical implications for patterns of testosterone secretion, mating systems, and breeding strategies.","volume":"136","author":"Wingfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Naturalist"},{"key":"2021072900441972700_R93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.10.016","article-title":"Basal testosterone moderates responses to anger faces in humans.","volume":"90","author":"Wirth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/22\/10\/2357\/1939740\/jocn.2009.21389.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article-pdf\/22\/10\/2357\/1939740\/jocn.2009.21389.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:52:27Z","timestamp":1627519947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/direct.mit.edu\/jocn\/article\/22\/10\/2357\/4951\/Neural-Mechanisms-of-the-Testosterone-Aggression"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21389","relation":{},"ISSN":["0898-929X","1530-8898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0898-929X","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]]}}}