{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T17:49:04Z","timestamp":1769795344729,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024CXGC010208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXGC010208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024TZXD065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024TZXD065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Project of Rizhao City","award":["2025ZDYF0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZDYF0105"]}]},{"name":"Major Innovation Project of Qilu University of Technology","award":["2025ZDZX03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZDZX03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To address the challenge of defect detection in tempered glass panel production rising from sample scarcity, this paper proposes a few-shot detection methodology that integrates an enhanced Stable Diffusion model with Mask R-CNN. Specifically, the approach utilizes a Mask Encoder to optimize the Stable Diffusion architecture, employing the Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) to evaluate sample quality. This process generates high-fidelity virtual samples to construct a hybrid dataset for training data augmentation. Furthermore, a resource isolation strategy is adopted to facilitate online detection using an improved semi-supervised Mask R-CNN framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively resolves detection difficulties for eight defect types, including edge chipping and scratches. The method achieves an mAP50 of 81.5%, representing a nearly 47% improvement over baseline methods relying solely on real samples, thereby realizing high-precision and high-efficiency industrial defect detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info17020122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1769612686000},"page":"122","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Defect Generation and Detection Strategy for Tempered Glass in Sample-Scarce Scenarios"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of CNC Machine Tool Functional Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Fang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of CNC Machine Tool Functional Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of CNC Machine Tool Functional Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang-Chun","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of CNC Machine Tool Functional Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Key Laboratory of CNC Machine Tool Functional Components, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Run-Ze","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taian City Taishan Huijin Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taian City Taishan Huijin Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.79","article-title":"One-shot learning of object categories","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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