{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:03:07Z","timestamp":1774400587934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N1-0163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N1-0163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J6-2592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J6-2592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P6-0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P6-0101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR-54767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR-54767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P4-0059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P4-0059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIFE16 NAT\/SL\/000634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIFE16 NAT\/SL\/000634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/144110\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/144110\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Automatic methods for detecting and delineating relief features allow remote and low-cost mapping, which has an outstanding potential for wildlife ecology and similar research. We applied a filled-DEM (digital elevation model) method using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data to automatically detect dolines and other karst depressions in a rugged terrain of the Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia. Using this approach, we detected 9711 karst depressions in a 137 km2 study area and provided their basic morphometric characteristics, such as perimeter length, area, diameter, depth, and slope. We performed visual validation based on shaded relief, which indicated 83.5% accordance in detecting depressions. Although the method has some drawbacks, it proved suitable for detection, general spatial analysis, and calculation of morphometric characteristics of depressions over a large scale in remote and forested areas. To demonstrate its applicability for wildlife research, we applied it in a preliminary study in combination with GPS-telemetry data to assess the selection of these features by two wild felids, the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and the European wildcat (Felis silvestris). Both species selected for vicinity of karst depressions, among which they selected for larger karst depressions. Lynx also regularly killed ungulate prey near these features, as we found more than half of lynx prey remains inside or in close vicinity of karst depressions. These results illustrate that karstic features could play an important role in the ecology of wild felids and warrant further research, which could be considerably assisted with the use of remote detection of relief features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14030656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"656","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dolines and Cats: Remote Detection of Karst Depressions and Their Application to Study Wild Felid Ecology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"\u0160pela","family":"\u010con\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ve\u010dna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Portas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ve\u010dna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Stra\u00dfe 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rok","family":"\u010cerne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slovenia Forest Service, Ve\u010dna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7581-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateja","family":"Breg Valjavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2010-5219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miha","family":"Krofel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ve\u010dna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xiii","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64177-9.09992-6","article-title":"Introduction to Remote Sensing of Geomorphology","volume":"23","author":"Tarolli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Earth Surf. Processes"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Jensen, J.R. (2000). Remote Sensing of the Environment: An Earth Resource Perspective, Prentice-Hall International."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"137","article-title":"Modelling habitats in karst landscape by integrating remote sensing and topography data","volume":"29","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Geosci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Weiss, A.D. (2001, January 9\u201313). Topographic position and landforms analysis; Poster Presentation. Proceedings of the ESRI Users Conference, San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"251","article-title":"Visualizing topography by openness: A new application of image processing to digital elevation models","volume":"68","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3390\/rs3020398","article-title":"Sky-View Factor as a Relief Visualization Technique","volume":"3","author":"Kokalj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"21","article-title":"Automated Object-Based Classification of Topography from SRTM Data","volume":"141\u2013142","author":"Eisank","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2012.11.005","article-title":"Geomorphons\u2014A pattern recognition approach to classification and mapping of landforms","volume":"182","author":"Jasiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1554814","article-title":"A spatio-contextual probabilistic model for extracting linear features in hilly terrains from high-resolution DEM data","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syzdykbayev, M., Karimi, B., and Karimi, H.A. (2020). A Method for Extracting Some Key Terrain Features from Shaded Relief of Digital Terrain Models. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12172809"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelton, J.N., Madry, S., and Camacho-Lara, S. (2013). Lidar Remote Sensing. Handbook of Satellite Applications, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7671-0"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1127\/0372-8854\/2011\/0055S2-0043","article-title":"Topographic Airborne Lidar in Geomorphology: A Technological Perspective","volume":"55","author":"Rutzinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Z. Geomorphol. Suppl. Issues"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2014.10.005","article-title":"Advances in animal ecology from 3d-LiDAR ecosystem mapping","volume":"29","author":"Davis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"81","article-title":"Mo\u017enost uporabe zra\u010dnega laserskega skeniranja (LIDAR) za geomorfolo\u0161ke \u0161tudije","volume":"83","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geogr. Vestn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3986\/ac.v45i1.4138","article-title":"The advantage of lidar digital terrain models in doline morphometry compared to topographic map based datasets\u2014Aggtelek karst (Hungary) as an example","volume":"45","author":"Telbisz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Carsologica"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Shroder, F.J. (2013). Surface Roughness of Karst Landscapes. Treatise on Geomorphology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Gams, I. (2004). Kras v Sloveniji v Prostoru in \u010casu, Zalo\u017eba ZRC. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-020-02139-5","article-title":"Global Distribution of Carbonate Rocks and Karst Water Resources","volume":"28","author":"Goldscheider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrogeol. J."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Stepi\u0161nik, U. (2020). Fizi\u010dna Geografija Krasa, Znanstvena zalo\u017eba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2021.103635","article-title":"Solution Pipes and Focused Vertical Water Flow: Geomorphology and Modelling","volume":"218","author":"Lipar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth-Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford, D.C., and Williams, P.W. (2008). Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology, John Wiley & Sons. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118684986"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"5","article-title":"Omejevanje kra\u0161kih kotanj z analizo polrezov","volume":"53","author":"Grlj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dela"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doctor, D., and Young, J. (2013, January 6\u201310). An Evaluation of Automated GIS Tools for Delineating Karst Sinkholes and Closed Depressions from 1-Meter Lidar-Derived Digital Elevation Data. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, Carlsbad, NM, USA.","DOI":"10.5038\/9780979542275.1156"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s12583-020-1306-x","article-title":"Karst Types and Their Karstification","volume":"31","author":"Veress","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3986\/ac.v50i1.9462","article-title":"Morphological Characteristics and Distribution of Dolines in Slovenia, a Study of a Lidar-Based Doline Map of Slovenia","volume":"50","author":"Mihevc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Carsologica"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"65","article-title":"Winter observations of Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx) inspecting karst caves and dolines in the Northern Dinaric Mountains, Slovenia","volume":"12","author":"Krofel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Slov. Rev. Za Teren. Biol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.4312\/dela.42.129-147","article-title":"Uporaba digitalnega modela vi\u0161in in satelitskega posnetka RapidEye za zaznavanje kra\u0161kih kotanj in brezstropih jam Podgorskega krasa","volume":"42","author":"Grlj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dela"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobal, M., Bertoncelj, I., Pirotti, F., Dakskobler, I., and Kutnar, L. (2015). Using Lidar Data to Analyse Sinkhole Characteristics Relevant for Understory Vegetation under Forest Cover\u2014Case Study of a High Karst Area in the Dinaric Mountains. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122070"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25717","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25717","article-title":"Conservation of Terrestrial Vertebrates in a Global Hotspot of Karst Area in Southwestern China","volume":"6","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3823","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3116","article-title":"Human-induced land degradation and biodiversity of Classical Karst landscape: On the example of enclosed karst depressions (dolines)","volume":"29","author":"Zorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-019-8398-6","article-title":"Morphometric properties of dolines in Matarsko podolje, SW Slovenia","volume":"78","author":"Gabor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Earth Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10531-019-01896-4","article-title":"Anthropogenic disturbances alter the conservation value of karst dolines","volume":"29","author":"Keppel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biodivers. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.15292\/geodetski-vestnik.2013.02.260-270","article-title":"Algorithm for karst depression recognition using digital terrain models","volume":"57","author":"Obu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geod. Vestn."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2015.08.015","article-title":"Analysis of dolines using multiple methods applied to airborne laser scanning data","volume":"250","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2016.05.006","article-title":"Automated delineation of karst sinkholes from LiDAR-derived digital elevation models","volume":"266","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2018.02.004","article-title":"Identification of Karst Sinkholes in a Forested Karst Landscape Using Airborne Laser Scanning Data and Water Flow Analysis","volume":"308","author":"Hofierka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.J., Nam, B.H., and Youn, H. (2019). Sinkhole Detection and Characterization Using Lidar-Derived Dem with Logistic Regression. Remote Sens., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131592"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.2193\/2005-723","article-title":"Quantifying Landscape Ruggedness for Animal Habitat Analysis: A Case Study Using Bighorn Sheep in the Mojave Desert","volume":"71","author":"Sappington","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manag."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12130","article-title":"Topographic Determinants of Mobile Vertebrate Predator Hotspots: Current Knowledge and Future Directions","volume":"90","author":"Bouchet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.13189\/eer.2018.060501","article-title":"Geomorphometry in Landscape Ecology: Issues of Scale, Physiography, and Application","volume":"6","author":"Ironside","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Ecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9464","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4442","article-title":"Females Know Better: Sex-Biased Habitat Selection by the European Wildcat","volume":"8","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6549","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6549","article-title":"Large Carnivore Habitat Suitability Modelling for Romania and Associated Predictions for Protected Areas","volume":"7","author":"Cristescu","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/oik.06724","article-title":"Vertical Relief Facilitates Spatial Segregation of a High Density Large Carnivore Population","volume":"129","author":"Farhadinia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"25","article-title":"Topographical and vegetational characteristics of lynx kill sites in Slovenian Dinaric mountains","volume":"9","author":"Krofel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Slov. Rev. Za Teren. Biol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03194243","article-title":"Microhabitat Selection by Eurasian Lynx and Its Implications for Species Conservation","volume":"53","author":"Schmidt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Theriol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2006.00215.x","article-title":"Quantifying the Influence of Topographic Position on Cougar (Puma Concolor) Movement in Southern California, USA","volume":"271","author":"Dickson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2009.02.005","article-title":"Characteristics of diurnal resting sites of the endangered European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris): Implications for its conservation","volume":"18","author":"Jerosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2981\/12-077","article-title":"Foraging Sites of Eurasian Lynxlynx Lynx: Relative Importance of Microhabitat and Prey Occurrence","volume":"19","author":"Belotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-017-2366-5","article-title":"Where to Leave a Message? The Selection and Adaptive Significance of Scent-Marking Sites for Eurasian Lynx","volume":"71","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnc.2017.11.008","article-title":"The Importance of Small-Scale Structures in an Agriculturally Dominated Landscape for the European Wildcat (Felis Silvestris Silvestris) in Central Europe and Implications for Its Conservation","volume":"41","author":"Jerosch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nat. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2981\/wlb.00489","article-title":"Rocks Rock: The Importance of Rock Formations as Resting Sites of the Eurasian Lynx Lynx Lynx","volume":"2019","author":"Signer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wildl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-021-02977-7","article-title":"Felid Bedrooms with a Panoramic View: Selection of Resting Sites by Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) in a Karstic Landscape","volume":"75","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Buser, S. (1967). Osnovna Geolo\u0161ka Karta SFRJ 1: 100.000, List Postojna, Zvezni Geolo\u0161ki Zavod."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Pleni\u010dar, M. (1970). Osnovna Geolo\u0161ka Karta SFRJ 1: 100.000, Tolma\u010d List Postojna, Zvezni Geolo\u0161ki Zavod."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"37","article-title":"Vodna gladina v notranjskem in primorskem krasu Slovenije","volume":"13","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Carsologica"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stepi\u0161nik, U. (2010). Udornice v Sloveniji, Znanstvena zalo\u017eba Filozofske fakultete.","DOI":"10.4312\/9789612373955"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"39","article-title":"Podnebni tipi v Sloveniji","volume":"68","author":"Ogrin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geogr. Vestn."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"29","article-title":"Meteorolo\u0161ka postaja na Pokoji\u0161\u010du","volume":"19","author":"Nadbath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Na\u0161e Okolje Bilt. Agencije RS Za Okolje"},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Perko, D., and Oro\u017een Adami\u010d, M. (2001). Slovenija\u2014Pokrajine in Ljudje, Mladinska knjiga."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Kordi\u0161, F. (1993). Dinarski Jelovo Bukovi Gozdovi v Sloveniji, Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehni\u0161ka fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo in gozdna gospodarstva. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13364-011-0032-2","article-title":"Diet of Eurasian Lynx Lynx Lynx in the Northern Dinaric Mountains (Slovenia and Croatia)","volume":"56","author":"Krofel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Theriol."},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Obu, J. (2011). Prepoznavanje Kra\u0161kih Kotanj na Podlagi Digitalnega Modela Vi\u0161in. [Bachelor\u2019s Thesis, Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani]."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"586","article-title":"2015: Kon\u010dan je projekt laserskega skeniranja Slovenije\/The project of laser scanning of Slovenia is completed","volume":"59","author":"Bric","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geod. Vestn."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"LiDAR (2020, December 23). Agencija RS za Okolje, Ministrstvo za Okolje in Prostor, Available online: https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/http\/gis.arso.gov.si\/evode\/profile.aspx?id=atlas_voda_Lidar@Arso."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"ArcGIS Pro (2021, August 04). ESRI. Available online: https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.esri.com\/en-us\/arcgis\/products\/arcgis-pro\/overview."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-012-1005-x","article-title":"Use of GPS Location Clusters Analysis to Study Predation, Feeding, and Maternal Behavior of the Eurasian Lynx","volume":"28","author":"Krofel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Krofel, M., Fle\u017ear, U., Ho\u010devar, L., Sindi\u010di\u0107, M., Gomer\u010di\u0107, T., Konec, M., Slijep\u010devi\u0107, V., Bartol, M., Boljte, B., and \u010crtali\u010d, J. (2021). Surveillance of the Reinforcement Process of the Dinaric\u2014SE Alpine Lynx Population in the Lynx-Monitoring Year 2019\u20132020, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/1937156","article-title":"The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference","volume":"61","author":"Johnson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mambio.2017.05.003","article-title":"Does Human Infrastructure Shape Scent Marking in a Solitary Felid?","volume":"87","author":"Krofel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mamm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Burnham, K.P., and Anderson, D.R. (2002). Advanced Issues and Deeper Insights. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference, Springer."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1890\/12-1688.1","article-title":"Practical Guidance on Characterizing Availability in Resource Selection Functions under a Use\u2013Availability Design","volume":"94","author":"Northrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_72","unstructured":"GPS Accuracy (2021, December 06). Garmin. Available online: https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/support.garmin.com\/en-US\/?faq=aZc8RezeAb9LjCDpJplTY7."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models USINGLME4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"23","article-title":"Morphometric Analyses of Dolines\u2014The Problem of Delineation and Calculation of Basic Parameters","volume":"47","author":"Benac","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Carsologica"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2003.07.021","article-title":"Human Influence on the Choice of Winter Dens by European Brown Bears in Slovenia","volume":"119","author":"Petram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[1435:FRIHUA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Functional responses in habitat use: Availability influences relative use in trade-off situations","volume":"79","author":"Mysterud","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109446","article-title":"Human disturbance is the most limiting factor driving habitat selection of a large carnivore throughout Continental Europe","volume":"266","author":"Ripari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pomen varovanja vro\u010dih to\u010dk geodiverzitete za ohranitev biotske pestrosti na obmo\u010dju Nature 2000 v dolini reke Dragonje","volume":"92","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geogr. Vestn."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5070\/P538156118","article-title":"Conserving nature\u2019s stage provides a foundation for safeguarding both geodiversity and biodiversity in protected and conserved areas","volume":"38","author":"Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parks Steward. Forum"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/656\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:10:58Z","timestamp":1760134258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/3\/656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14030656"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14030656","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]}}}