{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T21:00:23Z","timestamp":1779138023526,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]],"date-time":"2013-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The thermal conductivity of monolayer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with different tensile strain is investigated by using a nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method. Significant increasing amplitude of the molecular thermal vibration, molecular potential energy vibration and thermal conductivity vibration of stretching GNRs were detected. Some 20%~30% thermal conductivity decay is found in 9%~15% tensile strain  of GNR cases. It is explained by the fact that GNR structural ridges scatter some  low-frequency phonons which pass in the direction perpendicular to the direction of GNR stretching which was indicated by a phonon density of state investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s130709388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T13:28:05Z","timestamp":1374586085000},"page":"9388-9395","update-policy":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of Tensile Strain on Thermal Conductivity in Monolayer Graphene Nanoribbons: A Molecular Dynamics Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The state Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,  Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The state Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,  Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyu","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology,  Harbin 150080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cunlu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Acheng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1021\/nl803316h","article-title":"Operation of graphene transistors at gigahertz frequencies","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2004.06.035","article-title":"Synthesis of carbon nanosheets by inductively coupled radio-frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4869","DOI":"10.1021\/nl102713c","article-title":"Large-scale arrays of single-layer graphene resonators","volume":"10","author":"Barton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124302","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.124302","article-title":"Asymmetric heat conduction in nonlinear lattices","volume":"97","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1021\/nl901231s","article-title":"Thermal conductivity and thermal rectification in graphene nanoribbons: A molecular dynamics study","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3183587","article-title":"Thermal rectification in asymmetric graphene ribbons","volume":"95","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151911","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2907977","article-title":"Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene: Prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuits","volume":"92","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0731872","article-title":"Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene","volume":"8","author":"Balandin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssc.2012.07.013","article-title":"Unexpected large thermal rectification in asymmetric grain boundary of graphene","volume":"152","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Solid State Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2011.11.016","article-title":"Layer and size dependence of thermal conductivity in multilayer graphene nanoribbons","volume":"376","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. A"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2753","article-title":"Dimensional crossover of thermal transport in few-layer graphene","volume":"9","author":"Ghosh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"569","article-title":"Thermal properties of graphene and nanostructured carbon materials","volume":"12","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1021\/nl301230g","article-title":"Anomalous size dependence of the thermal conductivity of graphene ribbons","volume":"12","author":"Denis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3567415","article-title":"Chirality and thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene: A molecular dynamics study","volume":"98","author":"Zhong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"033107","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3543622","article-title":"Influence of hydrogen functionalization on thermal conductivity of graphene: Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"98","author":"Chien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1021\/nl900479g","article-title":"Free-standing epitaxial grapheme","volume":"9","author":"Shivaraman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157996","article-title":"Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene","volume":"321","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5552","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.5552","article-title":"Tensile loading of ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes and their mechanical properties","volume":"84","author":"Yu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24676","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm34068b","article-title":"Mechanical failure of zigzag graphene nanoribbons under tensile strain induced by edge reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054314","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3329541","article-title":"Isotopic effects on the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons: Localization mechanism","volume":"107","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2011.12.014","article-title":"MD simulation of carbon nanotube pullout behavior and its use in determining mode I delamination toughness","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7338","DOI":"10.1021\/jp980939v","article-title":"COMPASS: An ab initio force-field optimized for condensed-phase applicationss overview with details on alkane and benzene compounds","volume":"102","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163103","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3246155","article-title":"Thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons","volume":"95","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05545","article-title":"The structure of suspended graphene sheets","volume":"446","author":"Meyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(12)70117-7","article-title":"Phonons in low-dimensions","volume":"15","author":"Alexander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233203","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/24\/23\/233203","article-title":"Two-dimensional phonon transport in graphene","volume":"24","author":"Denis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07719","article-title":"Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes","volume":"457","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/7\/9388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:48:07Z","timestamp":1760219287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/13\/7\/9388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s130709388"],"URL":"https:\/\/2.zoppoz.workers.dev:443\/https\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s130709388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,22]]}}}