{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212998567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","title":"Automatic detection and classification of peri-prosthetic femur fracture","display_name":"Automatic detection and classification of peri-prosthetic femur fracture","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212998567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35157227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043345962","display_name":"Asma Alzaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-966X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asma Alzaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. scaalz@leeds.ac.uk","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-966X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. scaalz@leeds.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033014969","display_name":"Alice Wignall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-2650"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Wignall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trauma and orthopaedics Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trauma and orthopaedics Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067620173","display_name":"Sanja Dogramadzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-7522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanja Dogramadzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067716277","display_name":"Hemant Pandit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-8561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799390153","display_name":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4dac24","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114713","display_name":"NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/035f5f914","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153","https://openalex.org/I34931013","https://openalex.org/I4210114713"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemant Pandit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK","Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799390153"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035866142","display_name":"Sheng Quan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-2620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134841294","display_name":"Binzhou Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/008w1vb37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134841294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151013683","display_name":"Shandong University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/05frpfj73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151013683"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Quan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborates with Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China. S.Q.Xie@leeds.ac.uk","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. S.Q.Xie@leeds.ac.uk","Collaborates with Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborates with Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China. S.Q.Xie@leeds.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151013683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. S.Q.Xie@leeds.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborates with Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134841294","https://openalex.org/I151013683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035866142","https://openalex.org/A5043345962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816","https://openalex.org/I134841294","https://openalex.org/I151013683"],"apc_list":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"apc_paid":{"value":4890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4890},"fwci":1.0122,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77586207,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"649","last_page":"660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.22360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.22360000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10512","display_name":"Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty","score":0.1882999986410141,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.706203281879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6353214383125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6333088278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.4887223243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fracture","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","score":0.4331772029399872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3765590786933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15443477034568787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.706203281879425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6353214383125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6333088278770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.4887223243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4331772029399872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3765590786933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15443477034568787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003936","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005264","descriptor_name":"Femoral Fractures","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005269","descriptor_name":"Femur","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011859","descriptor_name":"Radiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35157227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35157227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:183892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/183892/13/Alzaid2022_Article_AutomaticDetectionAndClassific.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/183892/13/Alzaid2022_Article_AutomaticDetectionAndClassific.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:184760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/184760/6/Alzaid2022_Article_AutomaticDetectionAndClassific.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/184760/6/Alzaid2022_Article_AutomaticDetectionAndClassific.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8948116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8948116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S181408163","display_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","issn_l":"1861-6410","issn":["1861-6410","1861-6429"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4186987957","display_name":"NIHR Senior Investigator Award","funder_award_id":"NIHR201311","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4847713689","display_name":"Robot-assisted fracture surgery (RAFS)","funder_award_id":"II-SB-0712-20002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445492989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S019219/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8513808644","display_name":"REST: Reconfigurable lower limb Exoskeleton for effective Stroke Treatment in residential settings","funder_award_id":"EP/S019219/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319990","display_name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0187kwz08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319994","display_name":"Department of Health and Social Care","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbpja79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212998567.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212998567.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1606490983","https://openalex.org/W1995726031","https://openalex.org/W2014411891","https://openalex.org/W2063598448","https://openalex.org/W2068622559","https://openalex.org/W2084108772","https://openalex.org/W2095916764","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2167245867","https://openalex.org/W2258315655","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2323251203","https://openalex.org/W2560479484","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2626292433","https://openalex.org/W2733840449","https://openalex.org/W2772467282","https://openalex.org/W2776581140","https://openalex.org/W2897228760","https://openalex.org/W2921264805","https://openalex.org/W2935090763","https://openalex.org/W2940354300","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963521553","https://openalex.org/W2969326038","https://openalex.org/W2971690916","https://openalex.org/W2980004648","https://openalex.org/W2988726539","https://openalex.org/W2998480269","https://openalex.org/W3007647093","https://openalex.org/W3019301429","https://openalex.org/W3084146071","https://openalex.org/W3100175985","https://openalex.org/W4210618466","https://openalex.org/W6959749120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Object":[1],"classification":[2,59,127],"and":[3,63,84,110,135,144,148,169,186,212,222,242],"localization":[4,163,170],"is":[5,28],"a":[6,236,253],"key":[7],"task":[8],"of":[9,45,57,77,92,96,164,219,225,257,261],"computer-aided":[10],"diagnosis":[11],"(CAD)":[12],"tool.":[13],"Although":[14],"there":[15,27],"have":[16],"been":[17],"numerous":[18],"generic":[19],"deep":[20],"learning":[21],"(DL)":[22],"models":[23,128,139],"developed":[24],"for":[25,239],"CAD,":[26],"no":[29],"work":[30],"in":[31,40,43,191,205,259],"the":[32,55,75,82,114,165,178,192,198,223],"literature":[33],"to":[34,53,113,158,234],"evaluate":[35,159],"their":[36,149],"effectiveness":[37],"when":[38],"utilized":[39],"diagnosing":[41],"fractures":[42,104,258],"proximity":[44,260],"joint":[46,262],"implants.":[47,263],"In":[48,71,196],"this":[49,249],"work,":[50],"we":[51,73],"aim":[52],"assess":[54],"performance":[56,76,150,180],"existing":[58],"systems":[60,80],"on":[61],"binary":[62,193],"multi-class":[64],"problems":[65],"(fracture":[66],"types)":[67],"using":[68,81],"plain":[69],"radiographs.":[70],"addition,":[72,197],"evaluated":[74],"object":[78,137],"detection":[79,138],"one-":[83],"two-stage":[85],"DL":[86],"architectures.":[87],"METHODS:":[88],"A":[89,215],"data":[90,217],"set":[91,218],"1272":[93],"X-ray":[94],"images":[95,221],"Peri-prosthetic":[97],"Femur":[98],"Fracture":[99],"PFF":[100,220],"was":[101,246],"collected.":[102],"The":[103,175],"were":[105,146,156,172,232],"annotated":[106],"with":[107,181],"bounding":[108],"boxes":[109],"classified":[111],"according":[112],"Vancouver":[115,208],"Classification":[116],"System":[117],"(type":[118],"A,":[119,210],"B,":[120],"C)":[121],"by":[122,228],"two":[123,136,229],"clinical":[124],"specialists.":[125],"Four":[126],"such":[129,140],"as":[130,141],"Densenet161,":[131],"Resnet50,":[132],"Inception,":[133],"VGG":[134],"Faster":[142],"RCNN":[143],"RetinaNet":[145],"evaluated,":[147],"compared.":[151],"Six":[152],"confusion":[153],"matrix-based":[154],"measures":[155],"reported":[157],"fracture":[160,226],"classification.":[161],"For":[162],"fracture,":[166],"Average":[167],"Precision":[168],"accuracy":[171,185,204],"reported.":[173],"RESULTS:":[174],"Resnet50":[176,199],"showed":[177,200],"best":[179],"[Formula:":[182,187,201],"see":[183,188,202],"text]":[184,189,203],"F1-score":[190],"classification:":[194],"fracture/normal.":[195],"multi-classification":[206],"(normal,":[207],"type":[209],"B":[211],"C).":[213],"CONCLUSIONS:":[214],"large":[216],"annotations":[224],"features":[227],"independent":[230],"assessments":[231],"created":[233],"implement":[235],"DL-based":[237],"approach":[238,250],"detecting,":[240],"classifying":[241],"localizing":[243],"PFFs.":[244],"It":[245],"shown":[247],"that":[248],"could":[251],"be":[252],"promising":[254],"diagnostic":[255],"tool":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
