{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972125593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","title":"Multi-scale local binary pattern with filters for spoof fingerprint detection","display_name":"Multi-scale local binary pattern with filters for spoof fingerprint detection","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972125593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","mag":"1972125593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090658404","display_name":"Xiaofei Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1224-4742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635997","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002039083","display_name":"Kai Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-0381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, Shan\u2019xi 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, Shan\u2019xi 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083627076","display_name":"Yali Zang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-6549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yali Zang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729421","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-7573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112122528","display_name":"Ruwei Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruwei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, CHINA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671239","display_name":"Xinzhong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-5260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135237710","display_name":"Zhejiang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vevwk45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics Physics and Information Technology, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics Physics and Information Technology, Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135237710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429270","display_name":"Jie Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0498-0432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, Shan\u2019xi 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xidian University, Xian, Shan\u2019xi 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100429270","https://openalex.org/A5100635997"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":{"value":3330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6185,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97754394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"268","issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8993127346038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.8500047922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.784245491027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7348870038986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6162686944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6083047986030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5778040885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5285080075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5003981590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.46739324927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4569239616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43382522463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4022969603538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3847825527191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.31324249505996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.15245696902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12819966673851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.09439963102340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.06561970710754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.060384005308151245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8993127346038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.8500047922134399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.784245491027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348870038986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6162686944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6083047986030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5778040885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5285080075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5003981590270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46739324927330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4569239616394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43382522463798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4022969603538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3847825527191162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31324249505996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.15245696902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12819966673851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.09439963102340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.06561970710754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.060384005308151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2013.06.041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192650101","display_name":"Information Sciences","issn_l":"0020-0255","issn":["0020-0255","1872-6291"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192788472","https://openalex.org/W1573965745","https://openalex.org/W1584545576","https://openalex.org/W1589574887","https://openalex.org/W1589791259","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1982558124","https://openalex.org/W2021290508","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2071095136","https://openalex.org/W2103047437","https://openalex.org/W2103869071","https://openalex.org/W2108700572","https://openalex.org/W2112479763","https://openalex.org/W2118677980","https://openalex.org/W2126774219","https://openalex.org/W2131919573","https://openalex.org/W2137090589","https://openalex.org/W2141362602","https://openalex.org/W2142481374","https://openalex.org/W2142704643","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2165122902","https://openalex.org/W2237382324","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W6634853385","https://openalex.org/W6668119052","https://openalex.org/W6675607593","https://openalex.org/W6676897430","https://openalex.org/W6677744566","https://openalex.org/W6680361725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2397371488","https://openalex.org/W4310007307","https://openalex.org/W192788472","https://openalex.org/W4365211642","https://openalex.org/W4300118114","https://openalex.org/W2040650733","https://openalex.org/W2020816142","https://openalex.org/W2794551535","https://openalex.org/W2558346698","https://openalex.org/W1584545576"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}