{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389299066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","title":"Japanese historical character recognition by focusing on character parts","display_name":"Japanese historical character recognition by focusing on character parts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389299066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050760497","display_name":"T. Ishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0051-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takuru Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0051-1536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009192524","display_name":"Tomo Miyazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5205-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomo Miyazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5205-0542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020830042","display_name":"Shinichiro Omachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-9995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinichiro Omachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7706-9995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6\u20136\u201305 Aoba Aramakiaza, Sendai, 9808579, Miyagi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009192524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"],"apc_list":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"apc_paid":{"value":2710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2710},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15470342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"148","issue":null,"first_page":"110181","last_page":"110181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.8913981914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/font","display_name":"Font","score":0.8457059264183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976891756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6962822675704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6656578779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6137505769729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5505759716033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.5356302857398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4703868627548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33044755458831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32070475816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21404960751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18318727612495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.07826155424118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.052607834339141846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8913981914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777737414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4868296","display_name":"Font","level":2,"score":0.8457059264183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976891756057739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6962822675704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6656578779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6137505769729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5505759716033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.5356302857398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4703868627548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33044755458831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32070475816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21404960751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18318727612495422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07826155424118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.052607834339141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2023.110181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S414566","display_name":"Pattern Recognition","issn_l":"0031-3203","issn":["0031-3203","1873-5142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7753977249","display_name":"Revisiting visual communication via characters","funder_award_id":"22H00540","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8179419960","display_name":"Understanding of Essential Character Structure for Machine Learning and Kuzushiji Recognition","funder_award_id":"22K12729","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2058237598","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2395579298","https://openalex.org/W2902986194","https://openalex.org/W2914911817","https://openalex.org/W3027907503","https://openalex.org/W3033130864","https://openalex.org/W3081776111","https://openalex.org/W3082097008","https://openalex.org/W3197380122","https://openalex.org/W4213052788","https://openalex.org/W4230276398","https://openalex.org/W4230557946","https://openalex.org/W4235683940","https://openalex.org/W4238629871","https://openalex.org/W4243901309","https://openalex.org/W4244531973","https://openalex.org/W4247924304","https://openalex.org/W4249142012","https://openalex.org/W4255556797","https://openalex.org/W4283018782","https://openalex.org/W4285505903","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4300546174","https://openalex.org/W4306798217","https://openalex.org/W4306948601","https://openalex.org/W4362706146","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6675026286","https://openalex.org/W6679349572","https://openalex.org/W6680680495","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6731892127","https://openalex.org/W6747237369","https://openalex.org/W6749781174","https://openalex.org/W6754031302","https://openalex.org/W6758831276","https://openalex.org/W6769058749","https://openalex.org/W6769890130","https://openalex.org/W6770004896","https://openalex.org/W6773203530","https://openalex.org/W6782568596","https://openalex.org/W6797598148","https://openalex.org/W6826044213","https://openalex.org/W6845986657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2402920184","https://openalex.org/W2582695981","https://openalex.org/W2612325988","https://openalex.org/W2496907786","https://openalex.org/W2483185727","https://openalex.org/W2892704491","https://openalex.org/W2106936331","https://openalex.org/W1985626581","https://openalex.org/W2321008539","https://openalex.org/W2510702936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Japanese":[0,26],"historical":[1,16,27],"documents":[2],"provide":[3],"valuable":[4],"information.":[5],"Character":[6],"recognition":[7,41,114],"is":[8,20,81],"a":[9,21,37,48,56,87],"critical":[10],"technology":[11],"for":[12,58,115],"the":[13,118,129,143],"digitalization":[14],"of":[15,31,61,95,121,145],"documents.":[17],"Sample":[18],"imbalance":[19],"significant":[22],"obstacle":[23],"in":[24,45,101,105],"recognizing":[25],"characters,":[28],"kuzushiji.":[29,67,123,147],"Thousands":[30],"kuzushiji":[32,46,80,96,106,116,134],"only":[33],"have":[34],"less":[35],"than":[36],"few":[38,49],"samples.":[39,50],"Thus,":[40],"performance":[42],"deteriorates":[43],"greatly":[44],"with":[47],"In":[51],"this":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54,110,140],"propose":[55,85],"framework":[57],"transferring":[59],"knowledge":[60],"character":[62,71],"parts":[63,72],"from":[64,73],"font":[65,75,98,119],"to":[66,79],"The":[68,124],"pretraining":[69],"learns":[70],"synthesized":[74],"images.":[76],"However,":[77],"fine-tuning":[78],"more":[82],"complex.":[83],"We":[84],"calculating":[86],"mean":[88],"squared":[89],"error":[90],"loss":[91],"between":[92],"feature":[93,103],"vectors":[94,104],"and":[97,107],"images,":[99],"resulting":[100],"consistent":[102],"font.":[108],"Consequently,":[109,139],"can":[111],"perform":[112],"zero-shot":[113],"using":[117],"images":[120],"zero-sampled":[122,133],"experimental":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"that":[128],"proposed":[130],"method":[131],"recognized":[132],"at":[135],"approximately":[136],"48%":[137],"accuracy.":[138],"significantly":[141],"expand":[142],"number":[144],"recognizable":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}