{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098705124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.499797","title":"An incremental approach to developing intelligent neural network controllers for robots","display_name":"An incremental approach to developing intelligent neural network controllers for robots","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098705124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.499797","mag":"2098705124","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18263048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/3477.499797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.499797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038789848","display_name":"Lisa Meeden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","display_name":"Swarthmore College","ror":"https://ror.org/012dg8a96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L.A. Meeden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swarthmore Coll., PA","Swarthmore College, PA (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swarthmore Coll., PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swarthmore College, PA (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038789848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.9387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98383746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"474","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7217273116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.662970781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6180222034454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.6140692830085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5917994976043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5793783068656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5466282367706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.529399037361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5274415612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5029324889183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immediacy","display_name":"Immediacy","score":0.5013749599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4692281186580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.36637386679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32574695348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15236830711364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07411357760429382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7217273116111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.662970781326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6180222034454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.6140692830085754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5917994976043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5793783068656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5466282367706299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.529399037361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5274415612220764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5029324889183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780340563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2811064","display_name":"Immediacy","level":2,"score":0.5013749599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4692281186580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.36637386679649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32574695348739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15236830711364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07411357760429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/3477.499797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/3477.499797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170378","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics)","issn_l":"1083-4419","issn":["1083-4419","1941-0492"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics)","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18263048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18263048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.26.6609","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.26.6609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.palantir.swarthmore.edu/~maxwell/classes/e28/papers/meeden.smc.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.56.1203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.56.1203","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.cs.swarthmore.edu/pub/meeden/meeden.smc.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.588.8851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.588.8851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~meeden/cs63/f07/meeden.smc.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.642.2819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.642.2819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.swarthmore.edu/~meeden/papers/meeden.smc.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.swarthmore.edu:fac-comp-sci-1027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-comp-sci/28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196506","display_name":"Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118020396","host_organization_name":"Swarthmore College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118020396"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Faculty Works","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23300675","https://openalex.org/W44465109","https://openalex.org/W143529956","https://openalex.org/W151798663","https://openalex.org/W1492895344","https://openalex.org/W1516897956","https://openalex.org/W1525245490","https://openalex.org/W1577932924","https://openalex.org/W1592380477","https://openalex.org/W1976379984","https://openalex.org/W1995620855","https://openalex.org/W2012391952","https://openalex.org/W2049287437","https://openalex.org/W2052627427","https://openalex.org/W2097856935","https://openalex.org/W2098100495","https://openalex.org/W2108889070","https://openalex.org/W2110160659","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2116585932","https://openalex.org/W2124817418","https://openalex.org/W2165727492","https://openalex.org/W2545735125","https://openalex.org/W2546864304","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W3028232160","https://openalex.org/W3037058914","https://openalex.org/W4232335189","https://openalex.org/W4233274268","https://openalex.org/W4239909465","https://openalex.org/W4253020087","https://openalex.org/W4254816979","https://openalex.org/W4389308301","https://openalex.org/W6600926656","https://openalex.org/W6601814988","https://openalex.org/W6607865546","https://openalex.org/W6631380806","https://openalex.org/W6634584875","https://openalex.org/W6677545834","https://openalex.org/W6684446359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307572958","https://openalex.org/W3010018012","https://openalex.org/W2792246068","https://openalex.org/W4386796654","https://openalex.org/W2128822141","https://openalex.org/W2975304921","https://openalex.org/W2770646110","https://openalex.org/W4213327636","https://openalex.org/W2537983139","https://openalex.org/W2077009914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"beginning":[1],"with":[2],"simple":[3,81],"reactive":[4],"behaviors":[5],"and":[6,53,66,95,123],"gradually":[7],"building":[8],"up":[9],"to":[10,21,46,74],"more":[11,153],"memory-dependent":[12],"behaviors,":[13],"it":[14],"may":[15,139],"be":[16,140],"possible":[17],"for":[18,79],"connectionist":[19],"systems":[20],"eventually":[22],"achieve":[23],"the":[24,40,90,96,112,120,137,141,148],"level":[25],"of":[26,43,57,64,85,92,98,108,125,136],"planning.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"focuses":[30],"on":[31],"an":[32,67],"intermediate":[33],"step":[34],"in":[35],"this":[36],"incremental":[37,150],"process,":[38],"where":[39,89],"appropriate":[41],"means":[42],"providing":[44],"guidance":[45,109],"adapting":[47],"controllers":[48],"is":[49],"explored.":[50],"A":[51,83],"local":[52],"a":[54,75,80],"global":[55],"method":[56],"reinforcement":[58,99],"learning":[59],"are":[60,72,87,100,130],"contrasted-a":[61],"special":[62],"form":[63],"back-propagation":[65],"evolutionary":[68],"algorithm.":[69],"These":[70,102],"methods":[71,129],"applied":[73],"neural":[76],"network":[77],"controller":[78],"robot.":[82],"number":[84],"experiments":[86,103],"described":[88],"presence":[91],"explicit":[93],"goals":[94],"immediacy":[97],"varied.":[101],"reveal":[104],"how":[105],"various":[106],"types":[107],"can":[110],"affect":[111],"final":[113],"control":[114,155],"behavior.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117],"show":[118],"that":[119,133],"respective":[121],"advantages":[122],"disadvantages":[124],"these":[126],"two":[127,138],"adaptation":[128],"complementary,":[131],"suggesting":[132],"some":[134],"hybrid":[135],"most":[142],"effective":[143],"method.":[144],"Concluding":[145],"remarks":[146],"discuss":[147],"next":[149],"steps":[151],"toward":[152],"complex":[154],"behaviors.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}