{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119516222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.892200","title":"Coherent MAP detection of DQPSK bits","display_name":"Coherent MAP detection of DQPSK bits","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119516222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.892200","mag":"2119516222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/4234.892200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.892200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052985979","display_name":"G.E. Bottomley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-2074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139236","display_name":"Ericsson (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3bdj78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.E. Bottomley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730077","display_name":"H\u00fcseyin Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139236","display_name":"Ericsson (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3bdj78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729635","display_name":"R. Ram\u00e9sh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5352-5201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139236","display_name":"Ericsson (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3bdj78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Ramesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson, Inc., NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064915538","display_name":"G. Brismark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306339040","display_name":"Ericsson (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05a7rhx54","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Brismark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81084626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"11","first_page":"354","last_page":"356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7043728828430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6808348894119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.6746138334274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.603419840335846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.5948041081428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5763503313064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logarithm","display_name":"Logarithm","score":0.5333224534988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5087400078773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4424845278263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4303799867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.41628003120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.4127580523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33298617601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2385321855545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19297105073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17205891013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.15253415703773499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7043728828430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6808348894119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.6746138334274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.603419840335846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.5948041081428528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5763503313064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39927690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11197","display_name":"Logarithm","level":2,"score":0.5333224534988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5087400078773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4424845278263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4303799867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.41628003120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.4127580523490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33298617601394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2385321855545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19297105073928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17205891013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.15253415703773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/4234.892200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/4234.892200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147316732","display_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","issn_l":"1089-7798","issn":["1089-7798","1558-2558","2373-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316002","host_organization_name":"IEEE Communications Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316002","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Communications Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203831161","https://openalex.org/W1525552993","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W2117252979","https://openalex.org/W2119411189","https://openalex.org/W2121031454","https://openalex.org/W2132146651","https://openalex.org/W2133830088","https://openalex.org/W2139405441","https://openalex.org/W2171652072","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W6680542264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386488234","https://openalex.org/W2610189143","https://openalex.org/W2347953688","https://openalex.org/W2116888164","https://openalex.org/W2159424856","https://openalex.org/W1563232508","https://openalex.org/W2157470465","https://openalex.org/W2762044178","https://openalex.org/W1991161815","https://openalex.org/W2131499054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Both":[0,102],"IS-136":[1],"and":[2,71],"PDC":[3],"digital":[4],"cellular":[5],"systems":[6],"employ":[7],"forward":[8],"error":[9],"correction":[10],"(FEC)":[11],"encoding":[12],"followed":[13],"by":[14],"a":[15,27,39,51],"form":[16],"of":[17,78,115],"DQPSK":[18,33],"modulation.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"letter,":[22],"we":[23],"derive":[24],"the":[25,57,79,95,116],"maximum":[26],"posteriori":[28],"(MAP)":[29],"bit":[30,52],"detector":[31,49],"for":[32,38,61],"modulation":[34],"in":[35],"non-ISI":[36],"channels":[37],"coherent":[40],"receiver":[41],"with":[42,107],"one":[43],"or":[44,63],"more":[45],"antennas.":[46],"The":[47],"MAP":[48,64,67],"forms":[50,88],"log-likelihood":[53],"ratio,":[54],"which":[55,91],"provides":[56],"optimal":[58,117],"\"soft":[59],"information\"":[60],"MLSE":[62],"convolutional":[65],"decoding.":[66],"detection":[68],"requires":[69],"exponentiation":[70],"logarithm":[72],"operations,":[73,85],"as":[74,76],"well":[75],"knowledge":[77],"noise":[80,96],"covariance.":[81],"To":[82],"avoid":[83],"these":[84],"two":[86],"approximate":[87,103],"are":[89,111],"developed,":[90],"do":[92],"not":[93],"require":[94],"covariance":[97],"value":[98],"under":[99],"certain":[100],"assumptions.":[101],"approaches,":[104],"when":[105],"used":[106],"soft":[108],"FEC":[109],"decoding,":[110],"within":[112],"0.5":[113],"dB":[114],"approach.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}