{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2124654235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/83.382492","title":"A robust nonlinear filter for image restoration","display_name":"A robust nonlinear filter for image restoration","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2124654235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/83.382492","mag":"2124654235","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18290007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/83.382492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/83.382492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108225935","display_name":"V. Koivunen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63586086","display_name":"Oulu University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvp8k55","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63586086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V. Koivunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. Eng., Oulu Univ","[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Oulu Univ., Finland]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Oulu Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. Eng., Oulu Univ., Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108225935"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63586086","https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2338,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88865796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"569","last_page":"578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7927185297012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.663896918296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4903573989868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48612546920776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47693032026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.45440950989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4497164189815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4482753276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.44777390360832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.44217821955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-statistics","display_name":"Robust statistics","score":0.42777112126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42474353313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4177706241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3973024785518646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3282204866409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2968146800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.08010780811309814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7927185297012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.663896918296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4903573989868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48612546920776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47693032026290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.45440950989723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4497164189815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4482753276824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44777390360832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.44217821955680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67226441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665389","display_name":"Robust statistics","level":3,"score":0.42777112126350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42474353313446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4177706241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3973024785518646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3282204866409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2968146800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.08010780811309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/83.382492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/83.382492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18290007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18290007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526504968","https://openalex.org/W1967896758","https://openalex.org/W2007148047","https://openalex.org/W2012712694","https://openalex.org/W2030349890","https://openalex.org/W2041756013","https://openalex.org/W2047426740","https://openalex.org/W2068302187","https://openalex.org/W2069759906","https://openalex.org/W2088460382","https://openalex.org/W2099088762","https://openalex.org/W2102774396","https://openalex.org/W2130466809","https://openalex.org/W2136584541","https://openalex.org/W2139316249","https://openalex.org/W2139736062","https://openalex.org/W2152701363","https://openalex.org/W2271304927","https://openalex.org/W2293599327","https://openalex.org/W2319794630","https://openalex.org/W2320204711","https://openalex.org/W2478136907","https://openalex.org/W2498631646","https://openalex.org/W2802066458","https://openalex.org/W3015387428","https://openalex.org/W3015876577","https://openalex.org/W3016054986","https://openalex.org/W3016189756","https://openalex.org/W3026724578","https://openalex.org/W4236844765","https://openalex.org/W4238957295","https://openalex.org/W4242010931","https://openalex.org/W4250837161","https://openalex.org/W4403876929","https://openalex.org/W6675291259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046343964","https://openalex.org/W4379515847","https://openalex.org/W2216963642","https://openalex.org/W2283061017","https://openalex.org/W3121734683","https://openalex.org/W2107646698","https://openalex.org/W1539940077","https://openalex.org/W1600426151","https://openalex.org/W3121311879","https://openalex.org/W2793837346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"class":[1],"of":[2,15,58,130],"nonlinear":[3],"regression":[4],"filters":[5,59,132,156],"based":[6],"on":[7,47],"robust":[8],"estimation":[9],"theory":[10],"is":[11,18,60,83,133],"introduced.":[12],"The":[13,56,128,155],"goal":[14],"the":[16,45,69,75,81,90,111,131,166],"filtering":[17,118],"to":[19,96],"recover":[20],"a":[21,65,86,121],"high-quality":[22],"image":[23,30],"from":[24,39,74],"degraded":[25],"observations.":[26],"Models":[27],"for":[28],"desired":[29],"structures":[31],"and":[32,49,150,161,169],"contaminating":[33],"processes":[34],"are":[35,42,51,126,143,153],"employed,":[36],"but":[37],"deviations":[38],"strict":[40],"assumptions":[41,46],"allowed":[43],"since":[44,89,135],"signal":[48,98,167],"noise":[50,163],"typically":[52],"only":[53,63],"approximately":[54],"true.":[55],"robustness":[57,82],"usually":[61],"addressed":[62],"in":[64,85,110],"distributional":[66],"sense,":[67],"i.e.,":[68],"actual":[70],"error":[71],"distribution":[72],"deviates":[73],"nominal":[76],"one.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"paper,":[80],"considered":[84],"broad":[87],"sense":[88],"outliers":[91],"may":[92,102],"also":[93],"be":[94,103],"due":[95],"inappropriate":[97],"model,":[99],"or":[100,139],"there":[101],"more":[104],"than":[105],"one":[106],"statistical":[107],"population":[108],"present":[109],"processing":[112],"window,":[113],"causing":[114],"biased":[115],"estimates.":[116],"Two":[117],"algorithms":[119],"minimizing":[120],"least":[122],"trimmed":[123],"squares":[124],"criterion":[125],"provided.":[127],"design":[129],"simple":[134],"no":[136],"scale":[137],"parameters":[138],"context-dependent":[140],"threshold":[141],"values":[142],"required.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"using":[147],"both":[148,159],"real":[149],"simulated":[151],"data":[152],"presented.":[154],"effectively":[157],"attenuate":[158],"impulsive":[160],"nonimpulsive":[162],"while":[164],"recovering":[165],"structure":[168],"preserving":[170],"interesting":[171],"details.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
