{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155005185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359","title":"Integrating Exogenous Variables Into Cross-Attention Transformers for Robust 15-Minute-Ahead Solar Power Prediction","display_name":"Integrating Exogenous Variables Into Cross-Attention Transformers for Robust 15-Minute-Ahead Solar Power Prediction","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155005185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043524211","display_name":"Thuy Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-6205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh-Trung Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8773-5312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101408450","display_name":"Ngoc-Trung Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6359-2998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Trung Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-6567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053421095","display_name":"Manh-Hai Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-3752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manh-Hai Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-3752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134038995","display_name":"Minh-Phap Vu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121799043","display_name":"Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4b7n26","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh-Phap Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5230-6835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power University, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121799043"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45147313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"67930","last_page":"67947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.5338000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.5338000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.07970000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-harmonics","display_name":"Power system harmonics","score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-power","display_name":"Solar power","score":0.32670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.600600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985592304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Power system harmonics","level":4,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777618391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483757","display_name":"Solar power","level":3,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989121073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1309019","display_name":"Transient analysis","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985627981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828827","display_name":"Power loss","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:265f9a04ea5d41eebbf703f2e22902e5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/265f9a04ea5d41eebbf703f2e22902e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 14, Pp 67930-67947 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2026.3685359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.741034746170044,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,234],"research":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,77,85,237],"Transformer-based":[4],"forecasting":[5,107,246],"framework":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8,84],"TimeXer,":[9],"which":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12],"developed":[13],"to":[14,32,155,199],"forecast":[15],"solar":[16,40,175,183,244],"energy":[17],"production":[18],"over":[19],"brief":[20],"intervals":[21],"of":[22,28,39,47,111,143,164,230,251],"15":[23],"minutes.":[24],"The":[25,50,162],"primary":[26],"objective":[27],"this":[29],"study":[30,235],"is":[31,53],"enhance":[33],"both":[34],"the":[35,44,73,197,225,231,249],"precision":[36],"and":[37,72,104,116,135,203,219,227,239,247],"efficacy":[38],"power":[41,93,176,184,245],"prediction":[42,170,259],"through":[43],"adept":[45],"utilization":[46],"meteorological":[48,97,189],"data.":[49,161],"proposed":[51,232],"model":[52,198],"systematically":[54],"evaluated":[55],"against":[56],"three":[57],"widely":[58],"adopted":[59],"deep":[60],"learning":[61],"baselines,":[62],"including":[63,210],"Convolutional":[64],"Neural":[65],"Networks":[66],"(CNN),":[67],"Long":[68],"Short-Term":[69],"Memory":[70],"(LSTM),":[71],"Vanilla":[74],"Transformer,":[75],"under":[76],"unified":[78],"experimental":[79],"protocol.":[80],"Experiments":[81],"are":[82],"conducted":[83],"multi-plant":[86],"dataset":[87],"comprising":[88],"eight":[89],"utility-scale":[90],"photovoltaic":[91],"(PV)":[92],"stations":[94],"with":[95],"exogenous":[96],"variables.Results":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"that":[100],"TimeXer":[101,178],"achieves":[102],"superior":[103],"more":[105,205],"generalizable":[106],"accuracy":[108],"in":[109,138,255],"terms":[110],"Mean":[112,118,127],"Absolute":[113,119],"Error":[114,121,129],"(MAE)":[115],"Normalized":[117],"Percentage":[120],"(MAPE),":[122],"while":[123,191],"maintaining":[124],"competitive":[125],"Root":[126],"Squared":[128],"(RMSE)":[130],"performance.":[131],"It":[132],"exhibited":[133],"stability":[134],"reliability":[136],"even":[137],"scenarios":[139],"where":[140],"various":[141],"types":[142],"input":[144],"data":[145,167,186],"were":[146],"either":[147],"introduced":[148],"or":[149],"removed,":[150],"thereby":[151],"illustrating":[152],"its":[153],"capacity":[154],"discern":[156],"significant":[157],"patterns":[158],"within":[159],"weather":[160],"incorporation":[163],"extended":[165],"historical":[166],"significantly":[168],"enhanced":[169],"accuracy,":[171],"particularly":[172],"for":[173,242],"larger":[174],"installations.":[177],"operates":[179],"by":[180],"independently":[181],"processing":[182],"generation":[185],"alongside":[187],"external":[188],"variables":[190],"permitting":[192],"their":[193],"interaction,":[194],"thus":[195],"enabling":[196],"comprehend":[200],"intricate":[201],"relationships":[202],"produce":[204],"accurate":[206],"forecasts.":[207],"Additional":[208],"analyses,":[209],"feature-adjustment":[211],"experiments,":[212],"data-size":[213],"sensitivity":[214],"evaluation,":[215],"computational":[216],"efficiency":[217],"assessment,":[218],"residual":[220],"distribution":[221],"analysis,":[222],"further":[223],"confirm":[224],"robustness":[226],"practical":[228],"applicability":[229],"approach.":[233],"provides":[236],"comprehensive":[238],"reproducible":[240],"benchmark":[241],"15-minute-ahead":[243],"demonstrates":[248],"effectiveness":[250],"exogenous-aware":[252],"cross-attention":[253],"mechanisms":[254],"improving":[256],"short-term":[257],"PV":[258],"accuracy.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T06:04:23.736269","created_date":"2026-04-21T00:00:00"}
