{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023103266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","title":"Text-based Malicious Domain Names Detection Based on Variational Autoencoder And Supervised Learning","display_name":"Text-based Malicious Domain Names Detection Based on Variational Autoencoder And Supervised Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023103266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","mag":"3023103266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041151881","display_name":"Yuwei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-8034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuwei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012856479","display_name":"Ng S. T. Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104502","display_name":"United Nations University","ror":"https://ror.org/01cdrde68","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ng S. T. Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Campus Computing Centre, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Campus Computing Centre, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045456657","display_name":"Hideya Ochiai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideya Ochiai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041151881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51727831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.8661797046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.834915041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6083520650863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5962804555892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5822373032569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4410884380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44104495644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4301765561103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf\u2013idf","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","score":0.42717245221138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.4259018301963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4138798713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41274696588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3680533766746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.3544950485229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10199663043022156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.8661797046661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.834915041923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6083520650863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5962804555892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5822373032569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4410884380340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44104495644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4301765561103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81758059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796584","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","level":3,"score":0.42717245221138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4259018301963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4138798713684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41274696588516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3680533766746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.3544950485229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10199663043022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570601577","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 54th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3208892452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002283804828516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6419967","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2148323889","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2584271426","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2921573932","https://openalex.org/W2944209762","https://openalex.org/W2945037779","https://openalex.org/W2946497493","https://openalex.org/W2949595773","https://openalex.org/W6600241448","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6674889427","https://openalex.org/W6733122668","https://openalex.org/W6750917400","https://openalex.org/W6762739187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4386815338","https://openalex.org/W2382433580","https://openalex.org/W2145836866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,50,80,91,110,117,123,143,146,152,158,162,171],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,8,96,113,125,168],"information":[5,10,104],"technology,":[6],"adaptation":[7],"an":[9,97],"system":[11],"in":[12,40,49],"industries":[13],"and":[14,19,83,99,148],"institutes":[15],"has":[16],"become":[17],"more":[18,20],"common.":[21],"However,":[22],"attacks":[23],"like":[24],"using":[25,154],"zombie":[26],"networks":[27],"to":[28,35,71,120],"access":[29],"a":[30,46,53,57,68,100,134,165],"host":[31],"thus":[32],"causing":[33],"it":[34],"shut":[36],"down":[37],"are":[38],"frequent":[39],"recent":[41],"years.":[42],"Domain":[43],"names":[44,74,127,174],"play":[45],"significant":[47],"role":[48],"connection":[51],"with":[52],"server,":[54],"considered":[55],"as":[56],"key":[58],"for":[59,142,170],"detecting":[60],"these":[61,114],"attacks.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,89,132],"propose":[67],"text-based":[69],"method":[70],"convert":[72],"domain":[73,126,173],"into":[75],"numeric":[76],"features,":[77],"based":[78],"on":[79],"term":[81],"frequency":[82,86],"inverse":[84],"document":[85],"(TF-IDF).":[87],"Then":[88],"adopt":[90,133],"variational":[92],"autoencoder":[93],"(VAE)":[94],"consisting":[95],"encoder":[98],"decoder,":[101],"extracting":[102],"hidden":[103,118],"from":[105,157],"features.":[106],"Moreover,":[107],"through":[108],"collapsing":[109],"Gaussian":[111],"distribution":[112,124],"features":[115],"at":[116],"layer":[119],"its":[121],"mean,":[122],"is":[128],"visualized.":[129],"After":[130],"that,":[131],"supervised":[135],"learning":[136],"called":[137],"Convolutional":[138],"Neural":[139],"Network":[140],"(CNN)":[141],"classification":[144],"between":[145],"malicious":[147,172],"benign.":[149],"We":[150],"train":[151],"model":[153],"feature":[155],"vectors":[156],"VAE.":[159],"At":[160],"last,":[161],"scheme":[163],"achieves":[164],"validation":[166],"accuracy":[167],"0.868":[169],"detection.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
