{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2115879977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","title":"Application of artificial neural networks to the real time operation of water treatment plants","display_name":"Application of artificial neural networks to the real time operation of water treatment plants","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2115879977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","mag":"2115879977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060951848","display_name":"Ali Mirsepassi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2159-0655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Mirsepassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038370142","display_name":"B. Cathers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Cathers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108445961","display_name":"H. B. Dharmappa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.B. Dharmappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil & Min. Eng., Wollongong Univ., NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"516","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11490","display_name":"Hydrological Forecasting Using AI","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9484999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alum","display_name":"Alum","score":0.948275089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7811435461044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7630926370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-treatment","display_name":"Water treatment","score":0.5109030604362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shire","display_name":"Shire","score":0.47246384620666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose","display_name":"Dose","score":0.43954694271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4281241297721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.41637223958969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3889940083026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3840912878513336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.36561042070388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3371348977088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31348752975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12750086188316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08610105514526367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780924562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190527","display_name":"Alum","level":2,"score":0.948275089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7811435461044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7630926370620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.5109030604362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776863037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q662296","display_name":"Shire","level":2,"score":0.47246384620666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162156334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473420","display_name":"Dose","level":2,"score":0.43954694271087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4281241297721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.41637223958969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3889940083026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3840912878513336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.36561042070388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3371348977088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31348752975463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12750086188316345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08610105514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icnn.1995.488231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977707925","https://openalex.org/W1995845596","https://openalex.org/W2093966762","https://openalex.org/W2249846468","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4247346963"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2312751881","https://openalex.org/W2318335580","https://openalex.org/W635294811","https://openalex.org/W168377935","https://openalex.org/W2529302696","https://openalex.org/W2027017651","https://openalex.org/W1898833374","https://openalex.org/W4230522828","https://openalex.org/W932147901","https://openalex.org/W2136455376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,92,102,138],"water":[1,12,47],"industry":[2],"is":[3,53,83,99,144],"facing":[4],"increased":[5],"pressure":[6],"to":[7,25,45,55,70,85],"produce":[8],"higher":[9],"quality":[10],"treated":[11],"at":[13],"a":[14,20,46,65],"lower":[15],"cost.":[16],"efficiency":[18],"of":[19,28,61,64,73,140,160],"treatment":[21,48],"process":[22],"closely":[23],"relates":[24],"the":[26,29,33,57,87,96,107,113,122,132,141,157],"operation":[27],"plant.":[30,49],"To":[31],"improve":[32],"operating":[34],"performance,":[35],"an":[36],"artificial":[37],"neural":[38],"network":[39,82],"(ANN)":[40],"paradigm":[41],"has":[42,67],"been":[43,68],"applied":[44],"An":[50],"ANN":[51,97,142],"which":[52],"able":[54],"learn":[56],"non-linear":[58],"performance":[59],"relationships":[60],"historical":[62],"data":[63,147],"plant,":[66],"proved":[69],"be":[71],"capable":[72],"providing":[74],"operational":[75],"guidance":[76],"for":[77,112,131],"plant":[78],"operators.":[79],"A":[80],"backpropagation":[81],"used":[84],"determine":[86],"alum":[88,114,133],"and":[89,109,115,121,129,134],"polymer":[90,116,135],"dosages.":[91],"results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95],"model":[98,143],"most":[100],"promising.":[101],"correlation":[103],"coefficients":[104],"(r)":[105],"between":[106],"actual":[108],"predicted":[110],"values":[111],"dosages":[117,136],"were":[118,127],"both":[119],"0.97":[120],"average":[123],"absolute":[124],"percentage":[125],"errors":[126],"4.09%":[128],"8.76%":[130],"respectively.":[137],"application":[139],"illustrated":[145],"using":[146],"from":[148],"Wyong":[149,152],"Shire":[150],"Council's":[151],"Water":[153],"Treatment":[154],"Plant":[155],"on":[156],"Central":[158],"Coast":[159],"NSW.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
