{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387609289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543","title":"Lightweight Blockchain-Enhanced Mutual Authentication Protocol for UAVs","display_name":"Lightweight Blockchain-Enhanced Mutual Authentication Protocol for UAVs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387609289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042452580","display_name":"Weizheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103106969","display_name":"Zhaoyang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-4677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-4677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092870","display_name":"Jiaxing University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j2a7k55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["CN","IN","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongda Group, Jiaxing, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China","School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongda Group, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069229360","display_name":"Saleem Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7408-445X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65146876","display_name":"Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t34b131","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleem Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Larkana, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Larkana, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65146876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082218675","display_name":"Jawad Tanveer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-9759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jawad Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817362","display_name":"Chunhua Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.4166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99459279,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"9547","last_page":"9557"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8045849800109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7954508662223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.6759738922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5481330752372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.5196622610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5085693597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.49607524275779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4683890640735626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8045849800109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7954508662223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.6759738922119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5481330752372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.5196622610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5085693597793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49607524275779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4683890640735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2023.3324543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2480266640","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","issn_l":"2327-4662","issn":["2327-4662","2372-2541"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2105962504","display_name":"Physical Layer-based Cryptographic Key Management and Data Reliability Assurance for Smart IoT Environments","funder_award_id":"23K11103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8028214111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(C) 23K11103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2105114022","https://openalex.org/W2243569459","https://openalex.org/W2765872224","https://openalex.org/W2894446939","https://openalex.org/W2897492746","https://openalex.org/W2902549315","https://openalex.org/W2905628336","https://openalex.org/W2925806937","https://openalex.org/W2937840480","https://openalex.org/W2943219974","https://openalex.org/W2949494275","https://openalex.org/W2960047356","https://openalex.org/W2997214975","https://openalex.org/W3008017767","https://openalex.org/W3012182806","https://openalex.org/W3019423257","https://openalex.org/W3022522270","https://openalex.org/W3023178162","https://openalex.org/W3028313229","https://openalex.org/W3081564149","https://openalex.org/W3084382518","https://openalex.org/W3084465135","https://openalex.org/W3101361680","https://openalex.org/W3114630994","https://openalex.org/W3120131065","https://openalex.org/W3121056417","https://openalex.org/W3130982961","https://openalex.org/W3131075400","https://openalex.org/W3132111025","https://openalex.org/W3217748719","https://openalex.org/W4226179997","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4285295176","https://openalex.org/W4362563552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2482813613","https://openalex.org/W2363600212","https://openalex.org/W2736044769","https://openalex.org/W2619897385","https://openalex.org/W2364805998","https://openalex.org/W2963069143","https://openalex.org/W106082050","https://openalex.org/W2399882206","https://openalex.org/W3201780008","https://openalex.org/W2043851470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,11,59,100,131],"rapid":[2],"increase":[3],"of":[4,15,58,85,108],"data":[5,16],"from":[6],"unmanned":[7],"aerial":[8],"vehicles":[9],"(UAVs),":[10],"security":[12,51,66,107,119,124,137],"and":[13,52,78,89,122,145,160],"privacy":[14,53],"presents":[17],"a":[18,76],"severe":[19],"challenge":[20],"for":[21,38,55],"UAV-based":[22],"applications.":[23],"Moreover,":[24,93],"UAVs":[25],"with":[26,32,50,149],"constrained":[27],"resources":[28],"cannot":[29],"be":[30],"equipped":[31],"strong":[33],"but":[34],"complicated":[35],"cryptographic":[36],"primitives":[37],"authentication":[39,81,111,173],"protocol":[40,82,112,133],"design.":[41],"Although":[42],"some":[43],"attempts":[44],"have":[45,62],"been":[46,63],"made":[47],"to":[48,98],"deal":[49],"issues":[54],"UAVs,":[56],"most":[57],"existing":[60],"studies":[61],"found":[64],"numerous":[65],"vulnerabilities":[67],"or":[68],"own":[69],"extreme":[70],"communication/computation":[71],"overheads.":[72],"This":[73],"article":[74],"offers":[75],"lightweight":[77],"practical":[79],"mutual":[80],"solely":[83],"comprised":[84],"bitwise":[86],"XOR":[87],"operations":[88],"one-way":[90],"hash":[91],"functions.":[92],"blockchain":[94],"technology":[95],"is":[96,113],"utilized":[97],"alleviate":[99],"centralized":[101],"trusted":[102],"party":[103],"(TA)":[104],"issue.":[105],"Then,":[106],"our":[109],"proposed":[110,132],"proved":[114],"by":[115,155,165],"widely":[116],"adopted":[117],"formal":[118],"proof\u2014Real-or-Random":[120],"model":[121],"informal":[123],"proof.":[125],"The":[126],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"prove":[129],"that":[130],"can":[134],"achieve":[135],"better":[136],"requirements":[138],"(e.g.,":[139],"decentralized":[140],"TA,":[141],"replay":[142],"attack":[143],"defense,":[144],"session":[146],"key":[147],"security)":[148],"less":[150],"communication":[151],"cost":[152,162],"(i.e.,":[153,163],"reduced":[154,164],"around":[156,166],"58.7%":[157],"at":[158,168],"most)":[159,169],"computation":[161],"98.9%":[167],"than":[170],"related":[171],"UAV":[172],"schemes.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}