{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082418432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","title":"Localization Method of Wide-Area Distribution Multistatic Sky-Wave Over-the-Horizon Radar","display_name":"Localization Method of Wide-Area Distribution Multistatic Sky-Wave Over-the-Horizon Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082418432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","mag":"3082418432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053386816","display_name":"Lijuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-6539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047419048","display_name":"Huotao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-6411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huotao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7048-6411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038947417","display_name":"Yun Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-1079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768971","display_name":"Boya Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-5615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-5615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7326108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.6220667958259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5735704302787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.491840124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44575148820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39285990595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3226962685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07362952828407288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6220667958259583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5735704302787781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.491840124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44575148820877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39285990595817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3226962685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07362952828407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3018322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2322242487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042019K50264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3182830676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042020GF0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4331701590","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5e72\u6270\u5b50\u7a7a\u95f4\u8df3\u9891\u591a\u5740\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f2\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u7528\u6237\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671333","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7275564382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014CFA093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G858043285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2042019GF0013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111686915","https://openalex.org/W1502525289","https://openalex.org/W1618850037","https://openalex.org/W1970962582","https://openalex.org/W1971770066","https://openalex.org/W1987752858","https://openalex.org/W1991544766","https://openalex.org/W1993371327","https://openalex.org/W2001886371","https://openalex.org/W2002105608","https://openalex.org/W2043860685","https://openalex.org/W2058032292","https://openalex.org/W2059213589","https://openalex.org/W2069432151","https://openalex.org/W2091818916","https://openalex.org/W2110526347","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2122084010","https://openalex.org/W2124230234","https://openalex.org/W2135806449","https://openalex.org/W2147915670","https://openalex.org/W2156130719","https://openalex.org/W2314798518","https://openalex.org/W2353126473","https://openalex.org/W2409317929","https://openalex.org/W2415976609","https://openalex.org/W2547970903","https://openalex.org/W2582904525","https://openalex.org/W2888839086","https://openalex.org/W2901526937","https://openalex.org/W2963384677","https://openalex.org/W2964562437","https://openalex.org/W2979874108","https://openalex.org/W2980296749","https://openalex.org/W2981470674","https://openalex.org/W2991402685","https://openalex.org/W6682602626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978042415","https://openalex.org/W2338700700","https://openalex.org/W2386767533","https://openalex.org/W2090686886","https://openalex.org/W2353299060","https://openalex.org/W2358089997","https://openalex.org/W2051727958","https://openalex.org/W1967507262","https://openalex.org/W2768149955","https://openalex.org/W1692945264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,35],"letter,":[2],"a":[3,71],"model":[4,36],"of":[5,51,77,80,95,140],"wide-area":[6],"distribution":[7],"multistatic$\\text{T}^{M}$-$\\text{R}^{N}$($M$independent":[8],"transmitters":[9],"and$N$independent":[10],"receivers)":[11],"sky-wave":[12],"over-the-horizon":[13],"radar":[14],"(WDMS-OTHR)":[15],"is":[16,37,54,65,99,109,131,144],"investigated.":[17],"A":[18],"localization":[19,41],"algorithm":[20,25,42,143],"that":[21,69,113,136],"utilizes":[22],"the":[23,28,48,57,62,75,78,91,96,102,106,119,128,137,141],"hill-climbing":[24],"based":[26],"on":[27],"weighted":[29],"least":[30],"squares":[31],"(HC-WLS)":[32],"method":[33],"for":[34],"also":[38],"proposed.":[39],"The":[40],"mainly":[43],"includes":[44],"three":[45],"stages.":[46],"First,":[47],"geodetic":[49,103],"coordinate":[50,94],"station":[52],"position":[53,64,98,108,121,130],"transformed":[55,100],"into":[56,101],"spatial":[58,92],"rectangular":[59,93],"coordinate.":[60],"Second,":[61],"initial":[63,97,107,120],"estimated":[66],"by":[67,111],"WLS":[68],"forms":[70],"pseudolinear":[72],"equation":[73],"from":[74],"measurements":[76],"time":[79],"arrival":[81],"(TOA)":[82],"and":[83,105,122],"introduces":[84],"nuisance":[85],"variables":[86],"as":[87],"additional":[88],"unknowns.":[89],"Third,":[90],"coordinate,":[104],"optimized":[110],"HC":[112],"performs":[114],"eight":[115],"neighborhood":[116],"searches":[117,126],"around":[118],"adopts":[123],"multiple":[124],"iteration":[125],"until":[127],"optimal":[129],"obtained.":[132],"Numerical":[133],"simulations":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"positioning":[138],"accuracy":[139],"proposed":[142],"better":[145],"than":[146],"WLS.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
