{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404483574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462","title":"Quantitative Evaluation on the Limits of SORN Arithmetic Hardware Circuits","display_name":"Quantitative Evaluation on the Limits of SORN Arithmetic Hardware Circuits","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404483574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034940499","display_name":"Moritz B\u00e4rthel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8214-7636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moritz B\u00e4rthel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005761151","display_name":"Nils H\u00fclsmeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9590-4579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nils H\u00fclsmeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036550765","display_name":"Jochen Rust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1345-076X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159176309","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00g30e956","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159176309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70451448","display_name":"HAW Hamburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fkqwx76","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jochen Rust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamburg University of Applied Sciences,Hamburg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamburg University of Applied Sciences,Hamburg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159176309","https://openalex.org/I70451448"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101959993","display_name":"Steffen Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEM.me, University of Bremen,Bremen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9448999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9358999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6258816719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.6020494699478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5217158198356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4520632028579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturation-arithmetic","display_name":"Saturation arithmetic","score":0.4189385771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-precision-arithmetic","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","score":0.21855860948562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18452486395835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15468725562095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15037932991981506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6258816719055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.6020494699478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5217158198356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4520632028579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182775192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913725","display_name":"Saturation arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.4189385771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83581934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527381","display_name":"Arbitrary-precision arithmetic","level":2,"score":0.21855860948562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18452486395835876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15468725562095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15037932991981506}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/norcas64408.2024.10752462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998747003","https://openalex.org/W2207050309","https://openalex.org/W2553043960","https://openalex.org/W2743322459","https://openalex.org/W2803254188","https://openalex.org/W3013459325","https://openalex.org/W3089562906","https://openalex.org/W3131614729","https://openalex.org/W3176030007","https://openalex.org/W3196851536","https://openalex.org/W4285136464","https://openalex.org/W4292070415","https://openalex.org/W6756007670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403363220","https://openalex.org/W1978352992","https://openalex.org/W3152990195","https://openalex.org/W212023973","https://openalex.org/W2187273623","https://openalex.org/W2073476805","https://openalex.org/W1656092346","https://openalex.org/W4403363223","https://openalex.org/W87529998","https://openalex.org/W2004216287"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108],"Sets":[1],"Of":[2],"Real":[3],"Numbers":[4],"(SORN)":[5],"format":[6,43,56],"is":[7],"a":[8,154],"derivation":[9],"of":[10,68,72,130,137,148,158],"the":[11,42,52,55,69,73,100,134,138,167,180],"universal":[12],"numbers":[13],"(unums)":[14],"and":[15,48,85,91,95,98,123,178,188,193],"represents":[16],"an":[17],"interval-based,":[18],"low":[19],"precision":[20],"number":[21],"format.":[22],"It":[23],"relies":[24],"on":[25,78],"lookup":[26],"table":[27],"(LUT)":[28],"arithmetic,":[29],"which":[30],"can":[31,57,163],"be":[32,59,164],"implemented":[33],"as":[34,174,176],"ROMlike":[35],"logic":[36],"circuits.":[37],"Previous":[38],"works":[39],"have":[40],"evaluated":[41],"for":[44,62,87,145,152,191],"different":[45,88],"use":[46],"cases":[47],"applications,":[49],"mostly":[50,124],"under":[51],"assumption":[53,80],"that":[54,114],"only":[58],"applied":[60],"efficiently":[61],"bitwidths":[63,92],"below":[64],"20":[65],"bit,":[66,97],"because":[67],"increasing":[70],"complexity":[71],"LUTs.":[74],"This":[75],"work":[76,112],"evaluates":[77],"this":[79,111],"by":[81,183],"implementing":[82],"SORN":[83,89,115,139,168],"addition":[84,140,192],"multiplication":[86,153],"datatypes":[90],"between":[93],"5":[94],"31":[96],"comparing":[99],"resulting":[101],"hardware":[102,131],"circuits":[103],"to":[104,160,185],"standard":[105],"integer":[106,126,146],"implementations.":[107],"findings":[109],"in":[110,128],"show":[113],"arithmetic":[116,127],"actually":[117],"scales":[118],"quite":[119],"well":[120],"with":[121],"bitwidth":[122],"outperforms":[125],"terms":[129],"measures.":[132],"Solely":[133],"area":[135,156],"requirements":[136],"modules":[141,169],"are":[142,170],"higher":[143],"than":[144],"designs":[147],"same":[149],"bitwidth,":[150],"whereas":[151],"significant":[155],"reduction":[157],"up":[159,184],"$80":[161],"\\%$":[162,187,190],"achieved.":[165],"Further,":[166],"at":[171],"least":[172],"twice":[173],"fast":[175],"integer,":[177],"reduce":[179],"power":[181],"consumption":[182],"$50":[186],"$97":[189],"multiplication,":[194],"respectively.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
