{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1600184236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2015.16","title":"Every Second Counts: Quantifying the Negative Externalities of Cybercrime via Typosquatting","display_name":"Every Second Counts: Quantifying the Negative Externalities of Cybercrime via Typosquatting","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1600184236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2015.16","mag":"1600184236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp.2015.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2015.16","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010955094","display_name":"Mohammad Taha Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Taha Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Illinois At Chicago","University of Illinois at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Illinois At Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085535502","display_name":"Xiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3997-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Of Illinois At Chicago","University of Illinois at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of Illinois At Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452308","display_name":"Zhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-1012"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["RSA Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Laboratories","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070578895","display_name":"Chris Kanich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-2168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Kanich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US","University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.498,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98459731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"135","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squatting-position","display_name":"Squatting position","score":0.6342493295669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5794633626937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.5187161564826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5002493858337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4186614155769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3844938576221466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2863374352455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1916804015636444}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119971845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540134","display_name":"Squatting position","level":2,"score":0.6342493295669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5794633626937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5187161564826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5002493858337402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4186614155769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3844938576221466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2863374352455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1916804015636444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/sp.2015.16","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/sp.2015.16","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48212787","https://openalex.org/W57130263","https://openalex.org/W63790640","https://openalex.org/W128912056","https://openalex.org/W1496166242","https://openalex.org/W1497454200","https://openalex.org/W1510599945","https://openalex.org/W1512251782","https://openalex.org/W1515345759","https://openalex.org/W1516987733","https://openalex.org/W1546563748","https://openalex.org/W1597482600","https://openalex.org/W1637101047","https://openalex.org/W1984816986","https://openalex.org/W1985247771","https://openalex.org/W1994859552","https://openalex.org/W2014171012","https://openalex.org/W2016077725","https://openalex.org/W2029658262","https://openalex.org/W2074026205","https://openalex.org/W2108669749","https://openalex.org/W2120960514","https://openalex.org/W2121252355","https://openalex.org/W2136433906","https://openalex.org/W2165109377","https://openalex.org/W2286595420","https://openalex.org/W2395419634","https://openalex.org/W2910345826","https://openalex.org/W3125352989","https://openalex.org/W6601980818","https://openalex.org/W6602593815","https://openalex.org/W6605293327","https://openalex.org/W6630527678","https://openalex.org/W6630623380","https://openalex.org/W6630771288","https://openalex.org/W6678025569","https://openalex.org/W6712287468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017167536","https://openalex.org/W3203141584","https://openalex.org/W2365836197","https://openalex.org/W1965211349","https://openalex.org/W2940176406","https://openalex.org/W2408861063","https://openalex.org/W3111669225","https://openalex.org/W3186027945","https://openalex.org/W3162201125","https://openalex.org/W4293140739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"we":[1],"have":[2],"a":[3,43,70,79,118,148,163],"good":[4],"understanding":[5],"of":[6,15,36,54,61,116,128,135,173,182],"how":[7],"cyber":[8,52,183],"crime":[9,53],"is":[10,23],"perpetrated":[11],"and":[12,27,88,122,165],"the":[13,16,18,33,47,51,58,90,104,114,133,144,160,171],"profits":[14],"attackers,":[17],"harm":[19,30,48,75,91],"experienced":[20],"by":[21,50,93],"humans":[22],"less":[24],"well":[25],"understood,":[26],"reducing":[28],"this":[29,180],"should":[31],"be":[32],"ultimate":[34],"goal":[35],"any":[37],"security":[38],"intervention.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"presents":[42],"strategy":[44],"for":[45,73,82],"quantifying":[46,74],"caused":[49,92],"typo":[55,84,95,101,110,156,164],"squatting":[56,85,96,102,111],"via":[57],"novel":[59],"technique":[60],"intent":[62],"inference.":[63],"Intent":[64],"inference":[65],"allows":[66],"us":[67],"to":[68,76,150],"define":[69],"new":[71,80],"metric":[72],"users,":[77],"develop":[78],"methodology":[81],"identifying":[83],"domain":[86],"names,":[87],"quantify":[89],"various":[94],"perpetrators.":[97],"We":[98],"find":[99,151],"that":[100],"costs":[103],"typical":[105],"user":[106,149],"1.3":[107],"seconds":[108],"per":[109],"event":[112],"over":[113,132],"alternative":[115,134],"receiving":[117],"browser":[119],"error":[120],"page,":[121],"legitimate":[123],"sites":[124],"lose":[125],"approximately":[126],"5%":[127],"their":[129,152],"mistyped":[130],"traffic":[131],"an":[136],"unregistered":[137],"typo.":[138],"Although":[139],"on":[140],"average":[141],"perpetrators":[142],"increase":[143],"time":[145],"it":[146],"takes":[147],"intended":[153],"site,":[154],"many":[155],"squatters":[157],"actually":[158],"improve":[159],"latency":[161],"between":[162],"its":[166],"correction,":[167],"calling":[168],"into":[169],"question":[170],"necessity":[172],"harsh":[174],"penalties":[175],"or":[176],"legal":[177],"intervention":[178],"against":[179],"flavor":[181],"crime.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}