{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135431879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2009.38","title":"Scene Text Recognition Using Similarity and a Lexicon with Sparse Belief Propagation","display_name":"Scene Text Recognition Using Similarity and a Lexicon with Sparse Belief Propagation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135431879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2009.38","mag":"2135431879","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2009.38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2009.38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3021989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061152084","display_name":"Jerod Weinman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2247-8174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173288447","display_name":"Grinnell College","ror":"https://ror.org/04tmmky42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173288447"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.J. Weinman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA. weinman@grinnell.edu","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Grinnell Coll., Grinnell, IA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA. weinman@grinnell.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173288447"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Grinnell Coll., Grinnell, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173288447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045674062","display_name":"Erik Learned-Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-9135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Learned-Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113507560","display_name":"Allen R. Hanson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.R. Hanson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.5787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99072259,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"10","first_page":"1733","last_page":"1746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8261702656745911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7512931823730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.6649063229560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6183659434318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6051121950149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5156728029251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5048394799232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4945356547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4673035144805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.44538629055023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4423520565032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4343884289264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3677825927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18329066038131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.10485312342643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8261702656745911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7512931823730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.6649063229560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6183659434318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6051121950149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5156728029251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5048394799232483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4945356547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4673035144805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.44538629055023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4423520565032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4343884289264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3677825927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18329066038131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.10485312342643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpami.2009.38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2009.38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S199944782","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","issn_l":"0162-8828","issn":["0162-8828","1939-3539","2160-9292"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19696446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19696446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:cs_faculty_pubs-1730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cs_faculty_pubs/731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3021989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3021989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/10335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/10335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402057","display_name":"Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3021989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3021989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7387607480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21 EY018398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542491098","https://openalex.org/W1600276254","https://openalex.org/W1857926807","https://openalex.org/W1913670219","https://openalex.org/W1964803612","https://openalex.org/W1987973218","https://openalex.org/W1995426156","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2011873184","https://openalex.org/W2072916763","https://openalex.org/W2077916012","https://openalex.org/W2099960657","https://openalex.org/W2103384342","https://openalex.org/W2104626419","https://openalex.org/W2106539443","https://openalex.org/W2112712933","https://openalex.org/W2116773978","https://openalex.org/W2124007105","https://openalex.org/W2125148312","https://openalex.org/W2131442296","https://openalex.org/W2135431879","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2137857605","https://openalex.org/W2144839447","https://openalex.org/W2146248127","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2148438840","https://openalex.org/W2159623410","https://openalex.org/W2170727726","https://openalex.org/W2171100571","https://openalex.org/W4256398073","https://openalex.org/W6639073361","https://openalex.org/W6682082992"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140536630","https://openalex.org/W3195005284","https://openalex.org/W2391730868","https://openalex.org/W4394659737","https://openalex.org/W2759814045","https://openalex.org/W2118055728","https://openalex.org/W2736760277","https://openalex.org/W4386940087","https://openalex.org/W4386931226","https://openalex.org/W2944691285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Scene":[0],"text":[1,8,158],"recognition":[2,6,93,170,179],"(STR)":[3],"is":[4,23,42,52,116],"the":[5,11,88,130,175,189],"of":[7,26,59,161],"anywhere":[9],"in":[10,140,163,203],"environment,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14,55],"signs":[15,162],"and":[16,32,112,184,200],"storefronts.":[17],"Relative":[18],"to":[19,38,68,74],"document":[20],"recognition,":[21],"it":[22],"challenging":[24],"because":[25],"font":[27],"variability,":[28],"minimal":[29],"language":[30,60,110],"context,":[31],"uncontrolled":[33],"conditions.":[34],"Much":[35],"information":[36,138],"available":[37],"solve":[39],"this":[40],"problem":[41],"frequently":[43],"ignored":[44],"or":[45],"used":[46,97],"sequentially.":[47],"Similarity":[48],"between":[49,132],"character":[50,169],"images":[51,160],"often":[53],"overlooked":[54],"useful":[56],"information.":[57],"Because":[58],"priors,":[61],"a":[62,80,102,122,197],"recognizer":[63],"may":[64],"assign":[65],"different":[66],"labels":[67],"identical":[69],"characters.":[70],"Directly":[71],"comparing":[72],"characters":[73],"each":[75],"other,":[76],"rather":[77],"than":[78],"only":[79],"model,":[81,142],"helps":[82],"ensure":[83],"that":[84,107,147],"similar":[85],"instances":[86],"receive":[87],"same":[89],"label.":[90],"Lexicons":[91],"improve":[92],"accuracy":[94],"but":[95],"are":[96],"post":[98],"hoc.":[99],"We":[100],"introduce":[101],"probabilistic":[103],"model":[104],"for":[105,125],"STR":[106],"integrates":[108],"similarity,":[109],"properties,":[111],"lexical":[113],"decision.":[114],"Inference":[115],"accelerated":[117],"with":[118,196],"sparse":[119,185],"belief":[120,186],"propagation,":[121],"bottom-up":[123],"method":[124],"shortening":[126],"messages":[127],"by":[128,172,181,193],"reducing":[129],"dependency":[131],"weakly":[133],"supported":[134],"hypotheses.":[135],"By":[136],"fusing":[137],"sources":[139],"one":[141],"we":[143],"eliminate":[144],"unrecoverable":[145],"errors":[146],"result":[148],"from":[149,159],"sequential":[150],"processing,":[151],"improving":[152],"accuracy.":[153,204],"In":[154],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"recognizing":[157],"outdoor":[164],"scenes,":[165],"incorporating":[166],"similarity":[167],"reduces":[168,177,188],"error":[171,180],"19":[173],"percent,":[174,183],"lexicon":[176,190],"word":[178],"35":[182],"propagation":[187],"words":[191],"considered":[192],"99.9":[194],"percent":[195],"12X":[198],"speedup":[199],"no":[201],"loss":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
