{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416947281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3683967","title":"Enabling Full-Duplex LEO Satellite Systems With Non-Reciprocal BD-RIS-Assisted Beamforming","display_name":"Enabling Full-Duplex LEO Satellite Systems With Non-Reciprocal BD-RIS-Assisted Beamforming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416947281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3683967"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3683967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3683967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.22525","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101591225","display_name":"Ziang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-8397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications and Signal Processing (CSP) Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-8397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications and Signal Processing (CSP) Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009725517","display_name":"Wonjae Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-1237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjae Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6513-1237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070530952","display_name":"Bruno Clerckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Clerckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, Communications and Signal Processing (CSP) Group, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, Communications and Signal Processing (CSP) Group, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00192705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"15459","last_page":"15473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.5271999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.5271999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.3433000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.07039999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7412999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-earth-orbit","display_name":"Low earth orbit","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.4496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.4018999934196472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7412999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6272000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5385000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018325918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663611","display_name":"Low earth orbit","level":3,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.4496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.4465000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776208322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844071","display_name":"Frequency-division multiple access","level":4,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989135121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349167","display_name":"Ground station","level":3,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88764893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1547722","display_name":"Ground plane","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/twc.2026.3683967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2026.3683967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63459445","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","issn_l":"1536-1276","issn":["1536-1276","1558-2248"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.22525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22525","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.22525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.22525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2511.22525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2511.22525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.22525","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.22525","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1322893662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-00562095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G178131901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y037197/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4395784441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X04047X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5837737666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X040569/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8880987190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y037243/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416947281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416947281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellites":[4],"are":[5,91],"a":[6,131,136],"promising":[7],"technology":[8],"for":[9,21,125,224],"providing":[10],"low-latency,":[11],"high-data-rate,":[12],"and":[13,57,85,88,101,148,186,194,202],"wide-coverage":[14],"communication":[15],"services.":[16],"However,":[17],"with":[18,33,190],"growing":[19],"demand":[20],"data":[22],"transmission,":[23],"future":[24],"non-terrestrial":[25],"networks":[26],"(NTNs)":[27],"require":[28],"high":[29],"spectral":[30],"efficiency":[31],"especially":[32],"low-gain":[34],"antennas":[35,90],"at":[36],"the":[37,42,51,78,94,99,112,117,142,164,168,176,214],"ground":[38,151],"devices.":[39],"This":[40],"motivates":[41],"adoption":[43],"of":[44,115,218],"in-band":[45],"full-duplex":[46],"(FD)":[47],"systems.":[48],"In":[49],"addition,":[50],"potential":[52],"imbalance":[53],"between":[54],"downlink":[55],"(DL)":[56],"uplink":[58],"(UL)":[59],"transmissions":[60],"necessitates":[61],"flexibility":[62],"in":[63,140],"resource":[64],"allocation.":[65],"To":[66,129],"overcome":[67],"these":[68],"challenges,":[69],"we":[70,134],"propose":[71,135],"an":[72],"FD":[73],"LEO":[74,95],"satellite":[75],"system,":[76],"where":[77],"non-reciprocal":[79,109],"beyond-diagonal":[80],"reconfigurable":[81],"intelligent":[82],"surfaces":[83],"(NR-BD-RIS)":[84],"multiple":[86,126,146,149],"transmit":[87],"receive":[89],"attached":[92],"to":[93,162,192,213],"satellite.":[96],"NR-BD-RIS":[97,118,143,178,207],"reflects":[98],"DL":[100,147,193],"UL":[102,150,195],"signals":[103],"by":[104],"passive":[105],"beamforming.":[106],"By":[107],"incorporating":[108],"components":[110],"into":[111],"impedance":[113],"network":[114],"RIS,":[116,219],"breaks":[119],"channel":[120],"reciprocity,":[121],"facilitating":[122],"simultaneous":[123],"support":[124],"beam":[127],"directions.":[128],"cover":[130],"wide":[132],"coverage,":[133],"time-sharing":[137],"scheduling":[138,170],"framework":[139],"which":[141],"simultaneously":[144],"serves":[145],"devices":[152],"within":[153],"each":[154],"time":[155],"slot.":[156],"An":[157],"optimization":[158],"problem":[159],"is":[160],"defined":[161],"maximize":[163],"weighted":[165],"sum-rate":[166,196],"over":[167],"entire":[169],"period.":[171],"Numerical":[172],"results":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"that":[175],"proposed":[177],"significantly":[179],"performs":[180],"better":[181],"than":[182],"both":[183,199],"conventional":[184],"BD-RIS":[185],"diagonal":[187],"RIS":[188],"(D-RIS)":[189],"respect":[191],"performance":[197],"under":[198],"single-user":[200],"(SU)":[201],"multiple-user":[203],"(MU)":[204],"cases.":[205],"Additionally,":[206],"requires":[208],"less":[209],"frequent":[210],"reconfiguration":[211],"compared":[212],"other":[215],"two":[216],"types":[217],"making":[220],"it":[221],"more":[222],"practical":[223],"implementation.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}