{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2073811592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706484","title":"Degraded document image enhancement","display_name":"Degraded document image enhancement","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2073811592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706484","mag":"2073811592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.706484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023698748","display_name":"Gady Agam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Agam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060627660","display_name":"Guillaume Bal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Bal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015568296","display_name":"Gideon Frieder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Frieder","raw_affiliation_strings":["The George Washington University,United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062591304","display_name":"Ophir Frieder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. Frieder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois Institute of Technology, United#N#                     States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7192205190658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"Image enhancement","score":0.4110887050628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37237483263015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37031546235084534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7192205190658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.4110887050628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37237483263015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37031546235084534}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.706484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.706484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324729","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491915989","https://openalex.org/W1520959026","https://openalex.org/W1990935619","https://openalex.org/W2011832962","https://openalex.org/W2014959772","https://openalex.org/W2073640678","https://openalex.org/W2096832794","https://openalex.org/W2115603981","https://openalex.org/W2144839447","https://openalex.org/W2148539800","https://openalex.org/W2148598782","https://openalex.org/W2154675773","https://openalex.org/W2159169332","https://openalex.org/W2159567784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255438948","https://openalex.org/W2397385744","https://openalex.org/W2940142652","https://openalex.org/W2161229648","https://openalex.org/W2696592906","https://openalex.org/W3011517092","https://openalex.org/W2366116130","https://openalex.org/W2993674027","https://openalex.org/W2130228941","https://openalex.org/W1965875105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Poor":[0],"quality":[1],"documents":[2,18,24,69,83,120],"are":[3,25,45,54],"obtained":[4,121],"in":[5,20],"various":[6,57,85,141],"situations":[7],"such":[8,40,68,82],"as":[9],"historical":[10,119],"document":[11,43],"collections,":[12],"legal":[13],"archives,":[14],"security":[15],"investigations,":[16],"and":[17,33,53,78,109],"found":[19],"clandestine":[21],"locations.":[22],"Such":[23],"often":[26,46],"scanned":[27],"for":[28,64],"automated":[29],"analysis,":[30],"further":[31],"processing,":[32],"archiving.":[34],"Due":[35],"to":[36,48,111],"the":[37,65,76,91,123,147,150],"nature":[38],"of":[39,67,81,118,149],"documents,":[41],"degraded":[42],"images":[44],"hard":[47],"read,":[49],"have":[50],"low":[51],"contrast,":[52,77],"corrupted":[55,139],"by":[56,90],"artifacts.":[58],"We":[59],"describe":[60],"a":[61,116],"novel":[62],"approach":[63,93,105],"enhancement":[66,88,113],"based":[70,134],"on":[71,115,135],"probabilistic":[72],"models":[73],"which":[74],"increases":[75],"thus,":[79],"readability":[80],"under":[84,97,140],"degradations.":[86],"The":[87,103],"produced":[89],"proposed":[92,104,151],"can":[94],"be":[95],"viewed":[96],"different":[98],"viewing":[99],"conditions":[100],"if":[101],"desired.":[102],"was":[106,132],"evaluated":[107,133],"qualitatively":[108],"compared":[110],"standard":[112],"techniques":[114],"subset":[117],"from":[122],"Yad":[124],"Vashem":[125],"Holocaust":[126],"museum.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"quantitative":[130],"performance":[131],"synthetically":[136],"generated":[137],"data":[138],"degradation":[142],"models.":[143],"Preliminary":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"effectiveness":[148],"approach.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}