{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093267241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/984523.984530","title":"The optimal selection of secondary indices is NP-complete","display_name":"The optimal selection of secondary indices is NP-complete","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093267241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/984523.984530","mag":"2093267241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/984523.984530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/984523.984530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47508943","display_name":"ACM SIGMOD Record","issn_l":"0163-5808","issn":["0163-5808","1943-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOD Record","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013158304","display_name":"Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York, NY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013158304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26969561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"72","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8136245608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/np-complete","display_name":"NP-complete","score":0.6843758821487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6242684721946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-cover-problem","display_name":"Set cover problem","score":0.5757645964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5717322826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5010089874267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5006556510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.34740352630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3224676549434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.304531455039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19240710139274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16214227676391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13101354241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1174851655960083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8136245608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122749075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215206","display_name":"NP-complete","level":3,"score":0.6843758821487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6242684721946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100808899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192100","display_name":"Set cover problem","level":3,"score":0.5757645964622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5717322826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5010089874267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5006556510925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.34740352630615234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3224676549434662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.304531455039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19240710139274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16214227676391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13101354241371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1174851655960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/984523.984530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/984523.984530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S47508943","display_name":"ACM SIGMOD Record","issn_l":"0163-5808","issn":["0163-5808","1943-5835"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOD Record","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967627943","https://openalex.org/W1972072126","https://openalex.org/W1999407826","https://openalex.org/W2035583379","https://openalex.org/W2401610261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W623607250","https://openalex.org/W272374983","https://openalex.org/W2035485837","https://openalex.org/W3145090562","https://openalex.org/W3165916245","https://openalex.org/W2003676461","https://openalex.org/W2810583502","https://openalex.org/W2460324855","https://openalex.org/W2093267241","https://openalex.org/W2383959219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1,33],"of":[2],"selecting":[3],"secondary":[4],"indices":[5],"for":[6],"a":[7],"file":[8],"so":[9],"as":[10],"to":[11,34],"minimize":[12],"the":[13,29],"expected":[14],"transaction":[15],"cost":[16],"was":[17],"frequently":[18],"analyzed":[19],"before.":[20],"We":[21],"prove":[22],"that":[23],"it":[24],"is":[25],"NP-complete":[26],"by":[27],"reducing":[28],"MINIMUM":[30],"SET":[31],"COVER":[32],"it.":[35]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-14T07:06:38.338062","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}