{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117204849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220263","title":"Multi-tagging for lexicalized-grammar parsing","display_name":"Multi-tagging for lexicalized-grammar parsing","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117204849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220263","mag":"2117204849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220263","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220263","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220263","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024711700","display_name":"James Curran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-0484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R. Curran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","University of Sydney NSW, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney NSW, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057392864","display_name":"Stephen Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-4705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, Oxford, UK","Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061948215","display_name":"David Vadas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vadas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","University of Sydney NSW, Australia#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney NSW, Australia#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"697","last_page":"704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8825681209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.7724039554595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7496803998947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6916738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6576234698295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6488980054855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.5951251983642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity-resolution","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","score":0.5848786234855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5268919467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/top-down-parsing","display_name":"Top-down parsing","score":0.4611980617046356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lr-parser","display_name":"LR parser","score":0.41297605633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35804131627082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22563669085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0769909918308258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8825681209564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.7724039554595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7496803998947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6916738748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6576234698295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6488980054855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.5951251983642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741445","display_name":"Ambiguity resolution","level":4,"score":0.5848786234855652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5268919467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42560504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15419395","display_name":"Top-down parsing","level":3,"score":0.4611980617046356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35164859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756442","display_name":"LR parser","level":4,"score":0.41297605633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35804131627082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22563669085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0769909918308258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220263","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220263","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.110.5361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.110.5361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.aclweb.org/anthology-new/P/P06/P06-1088.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.121.9318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.121.9318","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.it.usyd.edu.au/~james/pubs/pdf/acl06multitag.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.99.5592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.99.5592","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/work/stephen.clark/papers/acl06.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3115/1220175.1220263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3115/1220175.1220263","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.3115/1220175.1220263","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the ACL - ACL '06","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3907237923","display_name":"Ask the Net: Intelligent Natural Language Learning","funder_award_id":"DP0453131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117204849.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2117204849.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528941926","https://openalex.org/W1566346388","https://openalex.org/W1567277581","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1592796124","https://openalex.org/W1996430422","https://openalex.org/W2008652694","https://openalex.org/W2057492554","https://openalex.org/W2074729706","https://openalex.org/W2075517337","https://openalex.org/W2089436184","https://openalex.org/W2102667697","https://openalex.org/W2105947498","https://openalex.org/W2115321439","https://openalex.org/W2120973168","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2149660837","https://openalex.org/W2160842254","https://openalex.org/W2183434757","https://openalex.org/W2250459571","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4293775970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992279947","https://openalex.org/W1971174339","https://openalex.org/W2296332834","https://openalex.org/W2980549287","https://openalex.org/W4320024782","https://openalex.org/W4288091494","https://openalex.org/W2067549773","https://openalex.org/W2970505065","https://openalex.org/W1574037173","https://openalex.org/W2529664582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"performance":[1],"above":[2],"97%":[3],"accuracy":[4,52,107],"for":[5,37,46,58,80],"newspaper":[6],"text,":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,76],"speech":[10],"(POS)":[11],"tagging":[12,51,106],"might":[13],"be":[14],"considered":[15],"a":[16,68,73],"solved":[17],"problem.":[18],"Previous":[19],"studies":[20],"have":[21],"shown":[22],"that":[23],"allowing":[24],"the":[25,92,116],"parser":[26],"to":[27,91,95],"resolve":[28],"POS":[29,93,102,105,112],"tag":[30,113],"ambiguity":[31,62,79,114],"does":[32],"not":[33],"improve":[34],"performance.":[35],"However,":[36],"grammar":[38],"formalisms":[39],"which":[40,71],"use":[41],"more":[42,122],"fine-grained":[43],"grammatical":[44],"categories,":[45],"example":[47],"TAG":[48],"and":[49,82],"CCG,":[50],"is":[53],"much":[54],"lower.":[55],"In":[56],"fact,":[57],"these":[59],"formalisms,":[60],"premature":[61],"resolution":[63],"makes":[64],"parsing":[65],"infeasible.We":[66],"describe":[67],"multi-tagging":[69,89],"approach":[70,90],"maintains":[72],"suitable":[74],"level":[75,94],"lexical":[77],"category":[78],"accurate":[81,123],"efficient":[83],"CCG":[84,124],"parsing.":[85],"We":[86],"extend":[87],"this":[88],"overcome":[96],"errors":[97],"introduced":[98],"by":[99],"automatically":[100],"assigned":[101],"tags.":[103],"Although":[104],"seems":[108],"high,":[109],"maintaining":[110],"some":[111],"in":[115,121],"language":[117],"processing":[118],"pipeline":[119],"results":[120],"supertagging.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}