{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403488177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592","title":"FairCognizer: A Model for Accurate Predictions with Inherent Fairness Evaluation","display_name":"FairCognizer: A Model for Accurate Predictions with Inherent Fairness Evaluation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403488177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032854666","display_name":"Adda-Akram Bendoukha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-0330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adda-Akram Bendoukha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samovar, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samovar, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078458833","display_name":"Nesrine Kaaniche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1045-6445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesrine Kaaniche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samovar, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samovar, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086710605","display_name":"Aymen Boudguiga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aymen Boudguiga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CEA List"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CEA List","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027031995","display_name":"Renaud Sirdey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4720-9269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renaud Sirdey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CEA List"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Saclay, CEA List","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41182194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9527000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7267033457756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.7172788381576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5980813503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5959195494651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5230746865272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilemma","display_name":"Dilemma","score":0.5107865333557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.49612030386924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"Recidivism","score":0.47462189197540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35086849331855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11299261450767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0964709222316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09068244695663452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7267033457756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7172788381576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5980813503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5959195494651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5230746865272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.5107865333557129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.49612030386924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643","display_name":"Recidivism","level":2,"score":0.47462189197540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35086849331855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11299261450767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0964709222316742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09068244695663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04745438v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04745438","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04745438/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"27TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (ECAI), Oct 2024, Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN, Spain. &#x27E8;10.3233/FAIA240592&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3233/faia240592","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3233/faia240592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201731","display_name":"Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications","issn_l":"0922-6389","issn":["0922-6389","1879-8314"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G606077884","display_name":"EQUitable prIvacy for Health data-centric services","funder_award_id":"ANR-22-CE39-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210715409","https://openalex.org/W2378491075","https://openalex.org/W1985799102","https://openalex.org/W3200648804","https://openalex.org/W2521781036","https://openalex.org/W2368182051","https://openalex.org/W2479331237","https://openalex.org/W4361860456","https://openalex.org/W4386649125","https://openalex.org/W2109168155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algorithmic":[0],"fairness":[1,42,84,105],"is":[2],"a":[3,38,58,71,95,103,118,165],"critical":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6],"building":[7],"trustworthy":[8],"Machine":[9],"Learning":[10],"(ML)":[11],"models.":[12],"ML":[13],"classifiers":[14,133],"strive":[15],"to":[16,73,81,108,125],"make":[17],"predictions":[18,78,149],"that":[19,62,131],"closely":[20],"match":[21],"real-world":[22],"observations":[23],"(ground":[24],"truth).":[25],"However,":[26],"if":[27],"the":[28,51,99,140,155,159,162],"ground":[29],"truth":[30],"data":[31],"itself":[32],"reflects":[33],"biases":[34],"against":[35],"certain":[36],"sub-populations,":[37],"dilemma":[39],"arises:":[40],"prioritize":[41],"and":[43,142],"potentially":[44],"reduce":[45],"accuracy,":[46],"or":[47],"emphasize":[48],"accuracy":[49,136,153],"at":[50,154],"expense":[52],"of":[53,120,157,161],"fairness.":[54],"This":[55],"work":[56],"proposes":[57],"novel":[59],"training":[60],"framework":[61,69],"goes":[63],"beyond":[64],"achieving":[65],"high":[66],"accuracy.":[67],"Our":[68,128],"trains":[70],"classifier":[72,163],"not":[74],"only":[75],"deliver":[76],"optimal":[77,135],"but":[79],"also":[80],"identify":[82,117,147],"potential":[83],"risks":[85],"associated":[86],"with":[87,150],"each":[88],"prediction.":[89],"To":[90],"do":[91],"so,":[92],"we":[93,116],"specify":[94],"dual-labeling":[96],"strategy":[97],"where":[98],"second":[100],"label":[101],"contains":[102],"per-prediction":[104],"evaluation,":[106],"referred":[107],"as":[109,122],"an":[110],"unfairness":[111],"risk":[112],"evaluation.":[113],"In":[114],"addition,":[115],"subset":[119],"samples":[121],"highly":[123],"vulnerable":[124],"group-unfair":[126],"classifiers.":[127],"experiments":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"our":[132],"attain":[134],"levels":[137],"on":[138],"both":[139],"Adult-Census-Income":[141],"Compas-Recidivism":[143],"datasets.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"they":[146],"unfair":[148],"nearly":[151],"75%":[152],"cost":[156],"expanding":[158],"size":[160],"by":[164],"mere":[166],"45%.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
