{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3189587784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","title":"Exploring Non-Expert Robot Programming Through Crowdsourcing","display_name":"Exploring Non-Expert Robot Programming Through Crowdsourcing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3189587784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","mag":"3189587784","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34395535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090819001","display_name":"Sanne van Waveren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-157X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanne van Waveren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049974633","display_name":"Elizabeth Carter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth J. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086873549","display_name":"Oscar \u00d6rnberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar \u00d6rnberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082559019","display_name":"Iolanda Leite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iolanda Leite","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics, Perception, and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":2.1235,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88640508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"646002","last_page":"646002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7972825765609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.7463170289993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6596381664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5472880601882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5347565412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4527975022792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.21308648586273193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972825765609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.7463170289993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6596381664276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5472880601882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5347565412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4527975022792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.21308648586273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34395535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34395535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8358272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8358272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd7504f26b1f4567a41230ddb6e2f1e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd7504f26b1f4567a41230ddb6e2f1e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 8 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6477378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6477378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196269","display_name":"PUBLISSO (German National Library of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112663","host_organization_name":"ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112663"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://lobid.org/resources/99370686392206441#!, 8:646002","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.646002/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1177153622","display_name":"Gathering Collective Intelligence through Crowdsourcing for Social Robotics","funder_award_id":"2017-05189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","funder_display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189587784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3189587784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11497584","https://openalex.org/W19399978","https://openalex.org/W134670332","https://openalex.org/W174404835","https://openalex.org/W1517943492","https://openalex.org/W1986014385","https://openalex.org/W1997969970","https://openalex.org/W2000818954","https://openalex.org/W2053994556","https://openalex.org/W2055472151","https://openalex.org/W2064189581","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2092349198","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2146496290","https://openalex.org/W2157837575","https://openalex.org/W2163986367","https://openalex.org/W2172501646","https://openalex.org/W2236144517","https://openalex.org/W2251495534","https://openalex.org/W2286133573","https://openalex.org/W2295229319","https://openalex.org/W2314161171","https://openalex.org/W2327882994","https://openalex.org/W2529170714","https://openalex.org/W2546585758","https://openalex.org/W2552239601","https://openalex.org/W2593071205","https://openalex.org/W2594637669","https://openalex.org/W2605135109","https://openalex.org/W2619648993","https://openalex.org/W2747473171","https://openalex.org/W2794217929","https://openalex.org/W2800247374","https://openalex.org/W2809862107","https://openalex.org/W2896381102","https://openalex.org/W2912379530","https://openalex.org/W2939421818","https://openalex.org/W2969174246","https://openalex.org/W3025828716","https://openalex.org/W3026868555","https://openalex.org/W4233491225","https://openalex.org/W4244499215","https://openalex.org/W4252387763","https://openalex.org/W4255336861","https://openalex.org/W4293898435","https://openalex.org/W6600493230","https://openalex.org/W6607105137","https://openalex.org/W6631038423","https://openalex.org/W6649763967","https://openalex.org/W6673723079","https://openalex.org/W6681634864","https://openalex.org/W6683268542","https://openalex.org/W6683345451","https://openalex.org/W6696279413","https://openalex.org/W6698761980","https://openalex.org/W6701612314","https://openalex.org/W6728246354","https://openalex.org/W6729210437","https://openalex.org/W6734038005","https://openalex.org/W6734441999","https://openalex.org/W6736068299","https://openalex.org/W6743428795","https://openalex.org/W6749621891","https://openalex.org/W6755143021","https://openalex.org/W6766138921","https://openalex.org/W6767077588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"longstanding":[1],"barrier":[2],"to":[3,14,32,36,109],"deploying":[4],"robots":[5],"in":[6],"the":[7,11,30,37,45,90],"real":[8],"world":[9],"is":[10],"ongoing":[12],"need":[13],"author":[15],"robot":[16,34,60,65],"behavior.":[17],"Remote":[18],"data":[19],"collection-particularly":[20],"crowdsourcing-is":[21],"increasingly":[22],"receiving":[23],"interest.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26,48,128],"paper,":[27],"we":[28],"make":[29],"argument":[31],"scale":[33],"programming":[35,55,79,117],"crowd":[38],"and":[39,68,123],"present":[40],"an":[41,52,75,95,114],"initial":[42],"investigation":[43],"of":[44,47,78,89,94,130],"feasibility":[46],"proposed":[49],"method.":[50],"Using":[51],"off-the-shelf":[53,115],"visual":[54,116],"interface,":[56],"non-experts":[57],"created":[58],"simple":[59,111],"programs":[61,112],"for":[62,86,127],"two":[63],"typical":[64],"tasks":[66],"(navigation":[67],"pick-and-place).":[69],"Each":[70],"needed":[71],"four":[72],"subtasks":[73],"with":[74],"increasing":[76],"number":[77],"statements":[80],"(if":[81],"statement,":[82],"while":[83],"loop,":[84],"variables)":[85],"successful":[87],"completion":[88],"programs.":[91],"Initial":[92],"findings":[93,122],"online":[96],"study":[97],"(N":[98],"=":[99],"279)":[100],"indicate":[101],"that":[102],"non-experts,":[103],"after":[104],"minimal":[105],"instruction,":[106],"were":[107],"able":[108],"create":[110],"using":[113],"interface.":[118],"We":[119],"discuss":[120],"our":[121],"identify":[124],"future":[125],"avenues":[126],"line":[129],"research.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}