{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2904910227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","title":"A Hybrid CNN\u2013LSTM Algorithm for Online Defect Recognition of CO2 Welding","display_name":"A Hybrid CNN\u2013LSTM Algorithm for Online Defect Recognition of CO2 Welding","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2904910227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","mag":"2904910227","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4369/pdf?version=1544695713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4369/pdf?version=1544695713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021686377","display_name":"Tianyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-8716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061529100","display_name":"Jinsong Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1999-1003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026626611","display_name":"Junliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-8598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical Engineering, Dong Hua University, Shanghai 201620, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395349","display_name":"Yiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5933-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Literature, Science and the Arts, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Literature, Science and the Arts, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061529100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":5.2567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9664387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"4369","last_page":"4369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5674303770065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.5418335795402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.48132526874542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42433464527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3836665749549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33419209718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23370566964149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09328585863113403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5674303770065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.5418335795402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48132526874542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42433464527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3836665749549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33419209718704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23370566964149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09328585863113403}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4369/pdf?version=1544695713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30544744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:94c5413eb1d244e8be8353be5d051b02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/94c5413eb1d244e8be8353be5d051b02","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 18, Iss 12, p 4369 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5292210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6308811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/18/12/4369/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6308811","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6308811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s18124369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124369","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4369/pdf?version=1544695713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1232298137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17511109202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7696471586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51475301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327661","display_name":"Guilin University of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00h1gc758"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904910227.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2904910227.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W315718592","https://openalex.org/W1485009520","https://openalex.org/W1600744878","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1689711448","https://openalex.org/W2009266040","https://openalex.org/W2048587411","https://openalex.org/W2062227835","https://openalex.org/W2070565034","https://openalex.org/W2098286524","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2331055734","https://openalex.org/W2549196305","https://openalex.org/W2580840020","https://openalex.org/W2603537982","https://openalex.org/W2605443677","https://openalex.org/W2606957532","https://openalex.org/W2610635404","https://openalex.org/W2614196303","https://openalex.org/W2621119428","https://openalex.org/W2748557409","https://openalex.org/W2758361465","https://openalex.org/W2770058012","https://openalex.org/W2777985171","https://openalex.org/W2883941226","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W3039797883","https://openalex.org/W6679436768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2262409920","https://openalex.org/W3192220280","https://openalex.org/W2514640320","https://openalex.org/W2549651119","https://openalex.org/W2393201117","https://openalex.org/W1995340519","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"present,":[1],"realizing":[2],"high-quality":[3],"automatic":[4],"welding":[5,97,147],"through":[6],"online":[7],"monitoring":[8,167],"is":[9,22,64,124,150,159,187],"a":[10,19,43,156],"research":[11],"focus":[12],"in":[13,128,145],"engineering":[14],"applications.":[15],"In":[16],"this":[17],"paper,":[18],"CNN\u207bLSTM":[20,40,119],"algorithm":[21,41,120,134,186],"proposed,":[23],"which":[24,162],"combines":[25],"the":[26,48,52,57,62,67,71,74,80,89,103,114,118,125,129,140,165,178,185],"advantages":[27],"of":[28,51,73,117,142,155],"convolutional":[29],"neural":[30],"networks":[31,37],"(CNNs)":[32],"and":[33,121,139,180,189,197],"long":[34],"short-term":[35],"memory":[36],"(LSTMs).":[38],"The":[39,99,133,152,174],"establishes":[42],"shallow":[44],"CNN":[45,63,111],"to":[46,96,113],"extract":[47],"primary":[49],"features":[50],"molten":[53,93,105,148,171],"pool":[54,94,106,149,172],"image.":[55,173],"Then":[56],"feature":[58,68,75,84,130],"tensor":[59],"extracted":[60],"by":[61],"transformed":[65],"into":[66,79],"matrix.":[69],"Finally,":[70],"rows":[72],"matrix":[76],"are":[77],"fed":[78],"LSTM":[81,122],"network":[82,123],"for":[83,193],"fusion.":[85],"This":[86],"process":[87],"realizes":[88],"implicit":[90],"mapping":[91],"from":[92],"images":[95],"defects.":[98],"test":[100],"results":[101,176],"on":[102,170,177],"self-made":[104],"image":[107,158,195],"dataset":[108],"show":[109,183],"that":[110,184],"contributes":[112],"overall":[115],"feasibility":[116],"most":[126],"superior":[127],"hybrid":[131],"stage.":[132],"converges":[135],"at":[136],"300":[137],"epochs":[138],"accuracy":[141],"defects":[143],"detection":[144],"CO\u2082":[146],"94%.":[151],"processing":[153],"time":[154],"single":[157],"0.067":[160],"ms,":[161],"fully":[163],"meets":[164],"real-time":[166],"requirement":[168],"based":[169],"experimental":[175],"MNIST":[179],"FashionMNIST":[181],"datasets":[182],"universal":[188],"can":[190],"be":[191],"used":[192],"similar":[194],"recognition":[196],"classification":[198],"tasks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}