{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390784127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.04241","title":"Data-Agnostic Face Image Synthesis Detection Using Bayesian CNNs","display_name":"Data-Agnostic Face Image Synthesis Detection Using Bayesian CNNs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390784127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.04241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.04241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04241","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.04241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.04241","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055392319","display_name":"Roberto Leyva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-8798"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leyva, Roberto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634965","display_name":"V\u00edctor S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7089-7031"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanchez, Victor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043277300","display_name":"Gregory Epiphaniou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-6368"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Epiphaniou, Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080175512","display_name":"Carsten Maple","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4715-212X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maple, Carsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7446200847625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.6584067344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6387375593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6199771761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5688951015472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5606980919837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5536721348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5234010815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.49012288451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.47309282422065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44552624225616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-synthesis","display_name":"Image synthesis","score":0.4352792501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.42457833886146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.42232316732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.39811575412750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33105406165122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7446200847625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.6584067344665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6387375593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6199771761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5688951015472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5606980919837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5536721348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5234010815620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.49012288451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.47309282422065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44552624225616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989087649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Image synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4352792501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.42457833886146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.42232316732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.39811575412750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33105406165122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.04241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04241","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.04241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.04241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.04241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.04241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04241","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.04241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386076254","https://openalex.org/W3199674835","https://openalex.org/W4287586143","https://openalex.org/W4311553382","https://openalex.org/W2759965110","https://openalex.org/W3111503343","https://openalex.org/W4353007366","https://openalex.org/W3023939003","https://openalex.org/W4295185425","https://openalex.org/W2002992601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"image":[1,35],"synthesis":[2,36],"detection":[3,46],"is":[4,41,59,103],"considerably":[5],"gaining":[6],"attention":[7],"because":[8],"of":[9,19],"the":[10,33,55,63,75,81,107],"potential":[11],"negative":[12],"impact":[13],"on":[14,43],"society":[15],"that":[16,48,65,100],"this":[17,24],"type":[18],"synthetic":[20,69,90,111],"data":[21,52,83,112],"brings.":[22],"In":[23],"paper,":[25],"we":[26],"propose":[27],"a":[28],"data-agnostic":[29,61],"solution":[30,40,73,102],"to":[31,53,80,84],"detect":[32],"face":[34,70],"process.":[37,57],"Specifically,":[38],"our":[39,101],"based":[42],"an":[44],"anomaly":[45],"framework":[47],"requires":[49,67,110],"only":[50],"real":[51],"learn":[54],"inference":[56],"It":[58],"therefore":[60],"in":[62],"sense":[64],"it":[66],"no":[68],"images.":[71],"The":[72],"uses":[74],"posterior":[76],"probability":[77],"with":[78],"respect":[79],"reference":[82],"determine":[85],"if":[86],"new":[87],"samples":[88],"are":[89],"or":[91],"not.":[92],"Our":[93],"evaluation":[94],"results":[95],"using":[96],"different":[97],"synthesizers":[98],"show":[99],"very":[104],"competitive":[105],"against":[106],"state-of-the-art,":[108],"which":[109],"for":[113],"training.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
