{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391159183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12178","title":"In-Context Learning for Extreme Multi-Label Classification","display_name":"In-Context Learning for Extreme Multi-Label Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391159183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12178","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031474902","display_name":"Karel D\u2019Oosterlinck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D'Oosterlinck, Karel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015201177","display_name":"Omar Khattab","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khattab, Omar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792763","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Remy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4775-6975"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Remy, Fran\u00e7ois","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075509168","display_name":"Thomas Demeester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-5768"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demeester, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084742757","display_name":"Chris Develder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-4176"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Develder, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042601761","display_name":"Christopher Potts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-6055"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Potts, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8570010662078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6911735534667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6129074096679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.5822277665138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5628317594528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5586622953414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5526351928710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48671820759773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.4647502303123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42367249727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3527117669582367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.34610995650291443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8570010662078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6911735534667969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6129074096679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5822277665138245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5628317594528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5586622953414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5526351928710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48671820759773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4647502303123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42367249727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3527117669582367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.34610995650291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.12178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.12178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2401.12178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.12178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2401.12178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391159183.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W156620619","https://openalex.org/W2616249226","https://openalex.org/W2098233217","https://openalex.org/W2914363205","https://openalex.org/W1598221548","https://openalex.org/W2081850291","https://openalex.org/W1963695443","https://openalex.org/W4380551412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-label":[0],"classification":[1,100],"problems":[2],"with":[3,11,124],"thousands":[4],"of":[5,94,157],"classes":[6,26],"are":[7],"hard":[8],"to":[9,29,37,58,84,121,147],"solve":[10],"in-context":[12,74],"learning":[13],"alone,":[14],"as":[15,132],"language":[16],"models":[17],"(LMs)":[18],"might":[19],"lack":[20],"prior":[21,136],"knowledge":[22],"about":[23],"the":[24,68,118],"precise":[25],"or":[27],"how":[28],"assign":[30],"them,":[31],"and":[32,56,80,128,153],"it":[33,86],"is":[34,144,162],"generally":[35],"infeasible":[36],"demonstrate":[38],"every":[39],"class":[40],"in":[41,76],"a":[42,46,77,122],"prompt.":[43],"We":[44,63,116],"propose":[45],"general":[47],"program,":[48,101],"$\\texttt{Infer--Retrieve--Rank}$,":[49],"that":[50],"defines":[51],"multi-step":[52],"interactions":[53],"between":[54],"LMs":[55],"retrievers":[57],"efficiently":[59],"tackle":[60],"such":[61],"problems.":[62],"implement":[64],"this":[65],"program":[66,120],"using":[67],"$\\texttt{DSPy}$":[69,82],"programming":[70],"model,":[71],"which":[72],"specifies":[73],"systems":[75],"declarative":[78],"manner,":[79],"use":[81],"optimizers":[83],"tune":[85],"towards":[87],"specific":[88],"datasets":[89],"by":[90],"bootstrapping":[91],"only":[92,155],"tens":[93,156],"few-shot":[95],"examples.":[96,159],"Our":[97,160],"primary":[98],"extreme":[99],"optimized":[102],"separately":[103],"for":[104],"each":[105],"task,":[106],"attains":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"results":[109],"across":[110],"three":[111],"benchmarks":[112],"(HOUSE,":[113],"TECH,":[114],"TECHWOLF).":[115],"apply":[117],"same":[119],"benchmark":[123],"vastly":[125],"different":[126],"characteristics":[127],"attain":[129],"competitive":[130],"performance":[131],"well":[133],"(BioDEX).":[134],"Unlike":[135],"work,":[137],"our":[138],"proposed":[139],"solution":[140],"requires":[141,154],"no":[142],"finetuning,":[143],"easily":[145],"applicable":[146],"new":[148],"tasks,":[149],"alleviates":[150],"prompt":[151],"engineering,":[152],"labeled":[158],"code":[161],"public":[163],"at":[164],"https://github.com/KarelDO/xmc.dspy.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}