{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402386133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.04775","title":"Hybrid Student-Teacher Large Language Model Refinement for Cancer Toxicity Symptom Extraction","display_name":"Hybrid Student-Teacher Large Language Model Refinement for Cancer Toxicity Symptom Extraction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402386133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.04775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.04775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.04775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.04775","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026888891","display_name":"Reza Khanmohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-6983"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanmohammadi, Reza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011360727","display_name":"A.I. Ghanem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3396-6763"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghanem, Ahmed I.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007618026","display_name":"Kyle Verdecchia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Verdecchia, Kyle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016293213","display_name":"Ryan Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5056-1602"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hall, Ryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042690121","display_name":"Mohamed A. Elshaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2582-8897"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elshaikh, Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004625690","display_name":"Benjamin Movsas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-9776"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Movsas, Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084457245","display_name":"Hassan Bagher\u2010Ebadian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-9237"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bagher-Ebadian, Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100512836","display_name":"Bing Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Bing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075401316","display_name":"Indrin J. Chetty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7979-7053"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetty, Indrin J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071524422","display_name":"Tuka Alhanai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-3908"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhanai, Tuka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001502708","display_name":"Kundan Thind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8261-6655"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thind, Kundan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076266282","display_name":"Mohammad M. Ghassemi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghassemi, Mohammad M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.7924000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.7924000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.6106076836585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"Toxicity","score":0.4416998326778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4093647003173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33990615606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27017098665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.23160913586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.20137560367584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.18221411108970642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6106076836585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4416998326778412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4093647003173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33990615606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27017098665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23160913586616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20137560367584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.18221411108970642}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.04775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.04775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2408.04775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2408.04775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2408.04775","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2408.04775","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2408.04775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402386133.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402386133.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"offer":[4],"significant":[5],"potential":[6,157],"for":[7,35,106,113,145,151,169],"clinical":[8,79,170],"symptom":[9,38],"extraction,":[10],"but":[11],"their":[12],"deployment":[13],"in":[14,128,162,181],"healthcare":[15,182],"settings":[16],"is":[17],"constrained":[18],"by":[19],"privacy":[20,179],"concerns,":[21],"computational":[22],"limitations,":[23],"and":[24,53,58,72,108,147,178],"operational":[25],"costs.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"investigates":[29],"the":[30,61,87,118,156,164],"optimization":[31],"of":[32,89,158,166],"compact":[33,167],"LLMs":[34,168],"cancer":[36],"toxicity":[37,84],"extraction":[39],"using":[40],"a":[41,48,138,173],"novel":[42],"iterative":[43,159],"refinement":[44,160],"approach.":[45,91],"We":[46],"employ":[47],"student-teacher":[49],"architecture,":[50],"utilizing":[51],"Zephyr-7b-beta":[52,107],"Phi3-mini-128":[54,114],"as":[55,60],"student":[56],"models":[57,122],"GPT-4o":[59,144],"teacher,":[62],"to":[63,104,111],"dynamically":[64],"select":[65],"between":[66,175],"prompt":[67],"refinement,":[68],"Retrieval-Augmented":[69],"Generation":[70],"(RAG),":[71],"fine-tuning":[73],"strategies.":[74],"Our":[75],"experiments":[76],"on":[77],"294":[78],"notes":[80],"covering":[81],"12":[82],"post-radiotherapy":[83],"symptoms":[85],"demonstrate":[86],"effectiveness":[88],"this":[90,133],"The":[92],"RAG":[93],"method":[94],"proved":[95],"most":[96],"efficient,":[97],"improving":[98],"average":[99],"accuracy":[100,129],"scores":[101],"from":[102,109],"0.32":[103],"0.73":[105],"0.40":[110],"0.87":[112],"during":[115],"refinement.":[116],"In":[117],"test":[119],"set,":[120],"both":[121],"showed":[123],"an":[124],"approximate":[125],"0.20":[126],"increase":[127],"across":[130],"symptoms.":[131],"Notably,":[132],"improvement":[134],"was":[135],"achieved":[136],"at":[137],"cost":[139],"45":[140],"times":[141,149],"lower":[142,150],"than":[143],"Zephyr":[146],"79":[148],"Phi-3.":[152],"These":[153],"results":[154],"highlight":[155],"techniques":[161],"enhancing":[163],"capabilities":[165],"applications,":[171],"offering":[172],"balance":[174],"performance,":[176],"cost-effectiveness,":[177],"preservation":[180],"settings.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2024-09-10T00:00:00"}