{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407570835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.08631","title":"Ensemble based approach to quantifying uncertainty of LLM based classifications","display_name":"Ensemble based approach to quantifying uncertainty of LLM based classifications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407570835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.08631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.08631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08631","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.08631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.08631","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074136292","display_name":"Srijith Rajamohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9826-2986"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajamohan, Srijith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112268776","display_name":"Ahmed Salhin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salhin, Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Frazier, Josh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frazier, Josh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030582263","display_name":"Rohit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-0468"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar, Rohit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tsai, Yu-Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsai, Yu-Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039040036","display_name":"Todd Cook","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cook, Todd","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14351","display_name":"Statistical and Computational Modeling","score":0.34459999203681946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14351","display_name":"Statistical and Computational Modeling","score":0.34459999203681946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","score":0.5010049343109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4864889979362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4479514956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35117655992507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3383990526199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3251565396785736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.5010049343109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4864889979362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4479514956474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35117655992507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3383990526199341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3251565396785736}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.08631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08631","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.08631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.08631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2502.08631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2502.08631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08631","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2502.08631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407570835.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407570835.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23],"output":[1,39,73],"of":[2,10,43,70,97],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"are":[7],"a":[8,30,41,84,88],"function":[9,42],"the":[11,16,20,34,37,44,49,56,60,63,68,71,75,95,98],"internal":[12],"model's":[13,50],"parameters":[14],"and":[15,87],"input":[17,77],"provided":[18],"into":[19],"context":[21],"window.":[22],"hypothesis":[24],"presented":[25],"here":[26],"is":[27,40,80,91],"that":[28],"under":[29],"greedy":[31],"sampling":[32],"strategy":[33],"variance":[35,58],"in":[36,48,59,66],"LLM's":[38],"conceptual":[45],"certainty":[46],"embedded":[47],"parametric":[51],"knowledge,":[52],"as":[53,55],"well":[54],"lexical":[57,76],"input.":[61],"Finetuning":[62],"model":[64,72],"results":[65],"reducing":[67],"sensitivity":[69],"to":[74,83],"variations.":[78],"This":[79],"then":[81],"applied":[82],"classification":[85],"problem":[86],"probabilistic":[89],"method":[90],"proposed":[92],"for":[93],"estimating":[94],"certainties":[96],"predicted":[99],"classes.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
