{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416505904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.22661","title":"Enhancing Neural Audio Fingerprint Robustness to Audio Degradation for Music Identification","display_name":"Enhancing Neural Audio Fingerprint Robustness to Audio Degradation for Music Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416505904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.22661"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.22661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22661","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22661","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081395357","display_name":"R. Oguz Araz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-0990"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Araz, R. Oguz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005355807","display_name":"Guillem Cort\u00e8s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-8955"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cort\u00e8s-Sebasti\u00e0, Guillem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101633723","display_name":"Emilio Molina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4758-9962"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Molina, Emilio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103092198","display_name":"Joan Serr\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1303-6558"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serr\u00e0, Joan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006479715","display_name":"Xavier Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-2345"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serra, Xavier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088754502","display_name":"Yuki Mitsufuji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6806-6140"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitsufuji, Yuki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004451369","display_name":"Dmitry Bogdanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-0633"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdanov, Dmitry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.6366999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.6366999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.2953999936580658,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal-processing","display_name":"Audio signal processing","score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.40959998965263367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5482000112533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167310288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7564808","display_name":"Sound quality","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128422554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20077126","display_name":"Sound recording and reproduction","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160372630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4819855","display_name":"Audio analyzer","level":5,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777946086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163335","display_name":"Music information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.22661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22661","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori-api.upf.edu:10230/71121","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/71121","pdf_url":"https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstreams/0f3acfed-1c89-49eb-b7e0-757d6df94f21/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.22661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2506.22661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2506.22661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22661","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.22661","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Audio":[0],"fingerprinting":[1],"(AFP)":[2],"allows":[3],"the":[4,40,43,46,82,87,105,119,129,139],"identification":[5],"of":[6,42,100,123,131,138],"unknown":[7],"audio":[8,15,25,56],"content":[9],"by":[10,39,107],"extracting":[11],"compact":[12],"representations,":[13],"termed":[14],"fingerprints,":[16],"that":[17,134,149],"are":[18],"designed":[19],"to":[20,79,103],"remain":[21],"robust":[22],"against":[23],"common":[24],"degradations.":[26],"Neural":[27],"AFP":[28,76],"methods":[29,77],"often":[30],"employ":[31],"metric":[32,68,125],"learning,":[33],"where":[34],"representation":[35],"quality":[36],"is":[37,166],"influenced":[38],"nature":[41],"supervision":[44],"and":[45,112,171,182],"utilized":[47],"loss":[48,84,141,162],"function.":[49],"However,":[50],"recent":[51,88],"work":[52],"unrealistically":[53],"simulates":[54],"real-life":[55],"degradation":[57],"during":[58],"training,":[59],"resulting":[60],"in":[61,128,189],"sub-optimal":[62],"supervision.":[63],"Additionally,":[64],"although":[65],"several":[66],"modern":[67],"learning":[69,126],"approaches":[70,127],"have":[71],"been":[72],"proposed,":[73],"current":[74],"neural":[75],"continue":[78],"rely":[80],"on":[81,175],"NT-Xent":[83],"without":[85],"exploring":[86],"advances":[89],"or":[90],"classical":[91],"alternatives.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"work,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"a":[98,135,177,183],"series":[99],"best":[101],"practices":[102],"enhance":[104],"self-supervision":[106],"leveraging":[108],"musical":[109],"signal":[110],"properties":[111],"realistic":[113],"room":[114],"acoustics.":[115],"We":[116],"then":[117],"present":[118],"first":[120],"systematic":[121],"evaluation":[122],"various":[124],"context":[130],"AFP,":[132],"demonstrating":[133],"self-supervised":[136],"adaptation":[137],"triplet":[140],"yields":[142],"superior":[143],"performance.":[144],"Our":[145,164],"results":[146],"also":[147],"reveal":[148],"training":[150],"with":[151],"multiple":[152],"positive":[153],"samples":[154],"per":[155],"anchor":[156],"has":[157],"critically":[158],"different":[159],"effects":[160],"across":[161],"functions.":[163],"approach":[165],"built":[167],"upon":[168],"these":[169],"insights":[170],"achieves":[172],"state-of-the-art":[173],"performance":[174],"both":[176],"large,":[178],"synthetically":[179],"degraded":[180],"dataset":[181,185],"real-world":[184],"recorded":[186],"using":[187],"microphones":[188],"diverse":[190],"music":[191],"venues.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-22T07:34:49.880490","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}