{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205067936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","title":"Deepfake tweets classification using stacked Bi-LSTM and words embedding","display_name":"Deepfake tweets classification using stacked Bi-LSTM and words embedding","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205067936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","mag":"3205067936","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34805502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112707318","display_name":"Vaibhav Rupapara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Rupapara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058941449","display_name":"Furqan Rustam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Rustam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015848900","display_name":"A. Amaar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aashir Amaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052032722","display_name":"Patrick Bernard Washington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-9167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85230861","display_name":"Morehouse College","ror":"https://ror.org/02y9g2b52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85230861"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Bernard Washington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Business Administration and Economics, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA,  United States of America","Division of Business Administration and Economics, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Business Administration and Economics, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA,  United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85230861"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Business Administration and Economics, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85230861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023626139","display_name":"Ernesto Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-8565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I884992110","display_name":"Broward College","ror":"https://ror.org/02jj1w915","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I884992110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Broward College, Broward County, Florida, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Broward College, Broward County, Florida, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I884992110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074629800","display_name":"Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan si, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan si, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":14.4131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98933116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"e745","last_page":"e745"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.803882360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.80000901222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6701869964599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6543947458267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.592719554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5239536762237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5228248834609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5194103717803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5137987732887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4688341021537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4299841821193695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.41964587569236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.396760493516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.2607859969139099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.803882360458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.80000901222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6701869964599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6543947458267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.592719554901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5239536762237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5228248834609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5194103717803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5137987732887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4688341021537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4299841821193695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.41964587569236755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.396760493516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.2607859969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34805502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34805502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ. Computer science","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.fiu.edu:all_faculty-1678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/all_faculty/458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401637","display_name":"Florida International University Digital Commons (Florida International University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","host_organization_name":"Florida International University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"All Faculty","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:89e4dc500d634c5cad9eaa9786c5e7ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/89e4dc500d634c5cad9eaa9786c5e7ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 7, p e745 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8576542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8576542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Comput Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23451747","https://openalex.org/W56794514","https://openalex.org/W122568889","https://openalex.org/W168039245","https://openalex.org/W193524605","https://openalex.org/W810042281","https://openalex.org/W1517678168","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2008642148","https://openalex.org/W2012070465","https://openalex.org/W2021137987","https://openalex.org/W2025478229","https://openalex.org/W2031253971","https://openalex.org/W2062346783","https://openalex.org/W2062913298","https://openalex.org/W2063998312","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2079281079","https://openalex.org/W2084046180","https://openalex.org/W2092880761","https://openalex.org/W2102909657","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2146111747","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2250879510","https://openalex.org/W2313494261","https://openalex.org/W2401152200","https://openalex.org/W2417999172","https://openalex.org/W2440899416","https://openalex.org/W2515313226","https://openalex.org/W2546935677","https://openalex.org/W2732264101","https://openalex.org/W2792883466","https://openalex.org/W2907918833","https://openalex.org/W2946439493","https://openalex.org/W2949998441","https://openalex.org/W2951278869","https://openalex.org/W2963629121","https://openalex.org/W2988412621","https://openalex.org/W2989851933","https://openalex.org/W3010887396","https://openalex.org/W3015364190","https://openalex.org/W3017305345","https://openalex.org/W3041730883","https://openalex.org/W3083667980","https://openalex.org/W3090907849","https://openalex.org/W3131504710","https://openalex.org/W3132265016","https://openalex.org/W3134603203","https://openalex.org/W3164947024","https://openalex.org/W3167335427","https://openalex.org/W3176063860","https://openalex.org/W3195476276","https://openalex.org/W4320301321","https://openalex.org/W6602265455","https://openalex.org/W6606829919","https://openalex.org/W6607799657","https://openalex.org/W6622938743","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6652634266","https://openalex.org/W6656736914","https://openalex.org/W6670245726","https://openalex.org/W6681651645","https://openalex.org/W6683895063","https://openalex.org/W6691399001","https://openalex.org/W6748479643","https://openalex.org/W6763745640","https://openalex.org/W6764146914","https://openalex.org/W6797806883","https://openalex.org/W6801002752","https://openalex.org/W7056632056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089396779","https://openalex.org/W2548633793","https://openalex.org/W3013279174","https://openalex.org/W2941935829","https://openalex.org/W2596247554","https://openalex.org/W4301373556","https://openalex.org/W3021501837","https://openalex.org/W3186997021","https://openalex.org/W4200618314","https://openalex.org/W4308088897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,55],"spread":[1],"of":[2,8,57,66,82,103,144,152,190],"altered":[3],"media":[4],"in":[5],"the":[6,19,64,80,101,150,176],"form":[7],"fake":[9,34,47,84,105],"videos,":[10],"audios,":[11],"and":[12,27,36,129,141,168,182,186],"images,":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"largely":[16],"increased":[17],"over":[18],"past":[20],"few":[21],"years.":[22],"Advanced":[23],"digital":[24],"manipulation":[25],"tools":[26],"techniques":[28],"make":[29,49],"it":[30,38],"easier":[31],"to":[32,52,62,78,99],"generate":[33],"content":[35,48],"post":[37],"on":[39],"social":[40,53],"media.":[41],"In":[42],"addition,":[43],"tweets":[44,59],"with":[45,136],"deep":[46,69,75,83,104,153,183],"their":[50],"way":[51],"platforms.":[54],"polarity":[56,81],"such":[58,116],"is":[60,97,156],"significant":[61],"determine":[63],"sentiment":[65,102],"people":[67],"about":[68],"fakes.":[70],"This":[71],"paper":[72],"presents":[73],"a":[74,89,142],"learning":[76,110,154,184],"model":[77],"predict":[79],"tweets.":[85,106],"For":[86],"this":[87],"purpose,":[88],"stacked":[90],"bi-directional":[91],"long":[92,159],"short-term":[93,160],"memory":[94,161],"(SBi-LSTM)":[95],"network":[96],"proposed":[98,177],"classify":[100],"Several":[107],"well-known":[108],"machine":[109,181],"classifiers":[111,133],"are":[112,134],"investigated":[113],"as":[114,117],"well":[115],"support":[118],"vector":[119],"machine,":[120],"logistic":[121],"regression,":[122],"Gaussian":[123],"Naive":[124],"Bayes,":[125],"extra":[126],"tree":[127],"classifier,":[128],"AdaBoost":[130],"classifier.":[131],"These":[132],"utilized":[135],"term":[137],"frequency-inverse":[138],"document":[139],"frequency":[140],"bag":[143],"words":[145],"feature":[146],"extraction":[147],"approaches.":[148],"Besides,":[149],"performance":[151],"models":[155,185],"analyzed":[157],"including":[158],"network,":[162],"gated":[163],"recurrent":[164],"unit,":[165],"bi-direction":[166],"LSTM,":[167],"convolutional":[169],"neural":[170],"network+LSTM.":[171],"Experimental":[172],"results":[173],"indicate":[174],"that":[175],"SBi-LSTM":[178],"outperforms":[179],"both":[180],"achieves":[187],"an":[188],"accuracy":[189],"0.92.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}