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13th L@S 2026: Seoul, Korea
- Juho Kim

, Alice Oh
, Zachary A. Pardos
, Xavier Ochoa
:
Proceedings of the Thirteenth ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, L@S 2026, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 29 June 2026- 3 July 2026. ACM 2026, ISBN 979-8-4007-2293-6
Research Track Papers
- Michael W. Asher

, Gillian Gold
, Paulo F. Carvalho
:
Benefit or Bottleneck? Assessing the Impact of Structured Reflection on Learning from AI-Driven Explanatory Feedback. 1-11 - Rae Bastoni

, Tyree S. Cowell
, April Murphy
, Patrick McMahon
, Kole Norberg
:
The Impact of Reward System Visibility on Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes in a Digital Math Platform. 12-21 - Conrad Borchers

, Olga Viberg
, René F. Kizilcec:
Who Decides in AI-Mediated Learning? The Agency Allocation Framework. 22-33 - Conrad Borchers

, Lijin Zhang
, Kexin Yang
, Tomohiro Nagashima
, Benjamin W. Domingue
:
Understanding Student Effort Using Response-Time Propensities During Problem Solving. 34-45 - Chia-Kai Chang

, Kuei-Hao Li
:
AI Teaching Assistants at Scale: Cross-Disciplinary Patterns of Adoption and Cognitive Engagement Across Hundreds of University Courses. 46-56 - Youjie Chen

, Xixi Shi
, Xinyu Liu
, Shuaiguo Wang
, Tracy Xiao Liu
, Dragan Gasevic
:
Not All Students Engage Alike: Multi-Institution Patterns in GenAI Tutor Use. 57-68 - Rahul K. Dass

, Shubham Puri
, Arpit Khandelwal
, Xiao Jin
, Ashok K. Goel
:
Developing Models of Procedural Skills using an AI-assisted Text-to-Model Approach. 69-78 - Kiyoshige Garcés

, Gloria Milena Fernández Nieto
, Linxuan Zhao
, Sachini Samaraweera
, Dragan Gasevic
, Roberto Martínez-Maldonado
, Vanessa Echeverría
:
Scalable LLM-based Coding of Dialogue in Healthcare Simulation: Balancing Coding Performance, Processing Time, and Environmental Impact. 79-90 - Aham Gupta

, Shivang Jain
, Yaaska Pandit
, Rimika Chaudhury
, Parmit K. Chilana
:
TEACHMate: Designing In-Context Instructor-Centered GenAI Support for Learning Management Systems. 91-102 - Ashish Gurung

, Jordan Gutterman
, Danielle R. Thomas
, Mingyu Feng
, Vincent Aleven
, Kenneth R. Koedinger
:
Coasting Through Class: Learning Opportunity Loss from Practice Avoidance During Individual Seatwork. 103-113 - Michael Ion

, Kevyn Collins-Thompson
:
Measuring Simulation Fidelity via Statistical Detectability: A Diagnostic Framework for AI-Generated Tutoring Conversations. 114-124 - Marjorie T. Ivy

, David A. Joyner
:
Beyond Lurking: Attitudinal Communities and Engagement Trajectories in Online Courses. 125-135 - Hyoungwook Jin

, Minju Yoo
, Jieun Han
, Zixin Chen
, So-Yeon Ahn
, Xu Wang
:
RelianceScope: An Analytical Framework for Examining Students' Reliance on Generative AI Chatbots in Problem Solving. 136-147 - David A. Joyner

, Alex Simon Duncan
:
Multistage Modeling from Application Signals to Downstream Success: Predicting Admission, Matriculation, and Retention. 148-158 - Yunsung Kim

, Hansol Lee
, Candace Thille
, Chris Piech
:
A Large-Scale Observational Study on Obtaining Lightweight, Randomized Weekly Student Feedback: Associations with End-of-Term Course Evaluations. 159-167 - Jinwon Kim

, Qiujie Li
, Conrad Borchers
, Zilu Jiang
, Di Xu
:
Student, Course Design, or Context? Studying the Determinants of Academic Procrastination at Scale. 168-178 - Jinsook Lee

, Conrad Borchers
, A. J. Alvero, Thorsten Joachims
, René F. Kizilcec
:
The Digital Divide in Generative AI: Evidence from Large Language Model Use in College Admissions Essays. 179-190 - Hansol Lee

, Guilherme Lichand
, Cristina Barnard
, Lucas Klotz
, Candace Thille
, Yunsung Kim
, Benjamin W. Domingue
:
Revisiting the Regularity of Student Learning Rate: Sensitivity to Which Observations Are Included. 191-201 - DeBoris Leonard

, Ricky Gole
, Jamell Dacon
:
Prescriptive Persistence: Quantifying the Breakdown in Human-AI Pedagogical Co-Regulation in ELL Writing Feedback. 202-208 - Armanda Lewis

, Xavier Ochoa
:
Measuring Creativity at Scale via Multimodal Large Language Models. 209-217 - Zhengxu Li

, Junling Wang
, April Yi Wang
:
When Should Teachers Control AI Generation for Mathematics Visuals? 218-229 - Wen-Chiang Ivan Lim

, Eamon Worden
, Adam Sales
, Neil T. Heffernan
:
LLM-Generated Summaries for Teachers: A Randomized Field Experiment in a Digital Learning Platform. 230-241 - Chang Liu

, Loc Hoang
, René F. Kizilcec, Bo Wu
:
A Large-Scale Analysis of Student Behavior with Pedagogically Constrained LLM Tutors. 242-253 - Jennifer Meyer

, Melanie V. Keller
, Martin Daumiller
:
When Do Learners Prefer AI or Human Feedback? Situation-Specific Psychological Predictors of Feedback Source Preference. 254-263 - Jennifer Meyer

, Marlene Steinbach
, Ronja Schiller
, Ute Mertens
, Nils-Jonathan Schaller
, Andrea Horbach
, Johanna Fleckenstein
, Olaf Köller
, René F. Kizilcec
, Thorben Jansen
:
Comparing Teacher and AI-Generated Feedback in the Writing Classroom: Experimental Results from Secondary School Classrooms. 264-276 - Joshua Mitton

, Prarthana Bhattacharyya
, Digory Smith
, Thomas Christie
, Ralph Abboud
, Simon Woodhead
:
Misconception Diagnosis From Student-Tutor Dialogue: Generate, Retrieve, Rerank. 277-286 - Phenyo Phemelo Moletsane

, Christine Kwon
, John C. Stamper
, Amy Ogan
, Paulo F. Carvalho
:
Can Multilingual Environments Promote Scalable EdTech? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. 287-296 - Robert Moulder

, Sandra Sawaya
, Sidney K. D'Mello
:
Testing an AI-Enhanced Coached-Tutor Professional Learning Model for Scaling High-Dosage Tutoring. 297-307 - Jiaqi Linna Niu

, Ashish Gurung
:
Students Who Choose to Challenge Themselves Perform Better. 308-317 - Yan Tao

, Olga Viberg
, Deepak Varuvel Dennison
, Zhikun Wu
, René F. Kizilcec:
Teachers' Perceived Benefits and Risks of AI Across Fifty-Five Countries: An Audit of LLM Alignment and Steerability. 318-329 - Kirk Vanacore

, René F. Kizilcec
:
How Well Do Large Language Models Recognize Instructional Moves? Establishing Baselines for Foundation Models in Educational Discourse. 330-338 - Kirk Vanacore

, Jinsook Lee
, Bakhtawar Ahtisham
, Sarah Shaw
, Justin Reich
, René F. Kizilcec
:
From Tutor Moves to Tutoring States: Modeling the Timing and Sequencing of Pedagogical Strategies for Student Engagement. 339-349 - Chenyang Wang

, Christopher Petrie
, Miltiadis Stouras
, Nicolas Ettlin
, Amaury George
, Paola Mejia-Domenzain
, Vinitra Swamy
, Tanja Käser
, Ola Svensson
:
Turning 500+ Students into Teachers: A Semester-Long Study of an AI Teachable Agent in an Undergraduate Algorithms Course. 350-360 - Eamon Worden

, Luca Dang
, Wen-Chiang Ivan Lim
, Sarah Miller
, Jiayi Zhang
, Aaron Haim
, Adam Sales
, Ashish Gurung
, Neil T. Heffernan
:
A Large Scale Randomized Control Trial Showing LLM Generated Feedback Helps Low-Knowledge Middle School Math Students with Short-Term Learning. 361-372 - Yujing Zhang

, Xianghui Meng
, Jionghao Lin
:
Augmenting Knowledge Tracing With Self-Regulated Learning Indicators for Reliable Skill-Mastery Estimation. 373-384
Works-in-Progress
- Mariano Albaladejo-González

, Pablo Pérez-Melgarejo, Manuel J. Gomez
, Justin Reich
, José A. Ruipérez-Valiente
:
An Advanced Analytics Dashboard with a Conversational Agent to Support the Analysis of Teacher Training Simulations. 385-389 - Conrad Borchers

, Robin Schmucker
, Ashutosh Tiwari
, Zachary A. Pardos
:
Push and Pull in Community College Cross-Enrollment: Remoteness, Articulation, and Student Mobility. 390-394 - Chia-Kai Chang

, Kuei-Hao Li
:
PALM: Scaling Physiologically-Aware AI Tutoring Through Consumer Wearables and Large Language Models. 395-399 - Saurabh Chatterjee

, Thad Starner
, Rocko Graziano
:
Landscape of Cheating in Higher Education. 400-404 - Eason Chen

, William Chen
, Xinyi Tang
, Yumo Wang
, Mingyu Yuan
, Sophia Judicke
, Kayla Beigh
:
PrompTutor: A Browser Extension for Data Collection and Real-Time Intervention in Student-Chatbot Interactions. 405-409 - Aranis Das

:
An Offline, Computer-Less Infrastructure for Scalable Physics Laboratory Learning. 410-412 - Farshid Farzan

, Rosta Farzan
:
When Is Personalization Plausible? Exploring the Quality of LLM-Generated Datasets for Data-Science Learning. 413-417 - Manuel J. Gomez

, Mariano Albaladejo-González
, José A. Ruipérez-Valiente
:
Survival Rules: Teaching Rule-Based AI Through a Block-based Serious Game. 418-422 - Ching Nam Hang

, Chee-Wei Tan
, Dah Ming Chiu
:
LLM Teams: Harnessing Large Language Models as Multi-Agent Teammates for Joint Problem-Solving. 423-427 - Samiha Haque

, Danula Hettiachchi
, Daniel Beck
:
Rubric-guided Prompting for Automatic Assessment Scoring. 428-432 - Yuqing He

, Ziting Wang
, Chee-Wei Tan
:
Design Before Code: Graph-Centrality-Guided Scaffolding for Programming Education at Scale. 433-437 - Han Jiang

, Jingjing Zhang
:
Understanding Learners' Online Interactions Across MOOC Reruns: Insights from Longitudinal Analytics. 438-442 - Ovide Kuichua

, Michel C. Desmarais
, Arman Bakhtiari
, Chahé Nerguizian
, Alexandre Gélinas
:
Uncertainty-Guided Sampling for LLM Calibration in Automated Short Answer Grading. 443-447 - Hai Li

, Wanli Xing
, Chenglu Li
, Ran Gao
:
Generate-Filter-Edit: A Human-AI Collaborative Pipeline for Developing and Automatically Evaluating Middle School Mathematics Questions. 448-452 - Shuyuan Liu

, Prithiv Premkumar
, David Nahodyl
, Yuhui Zhao
, Thad Starner
:
ECHO: Educational Chatter Help and Overview - Just-In-Time Assistance and Retrospective Viewing for Teaching Assistants on Online Education Forums (WiP). 453-457 - Yikai Lu

:
HawkesIRT: Interpretable and Efficient Knowledge Tracing via Temporal Item Effects and Item Response Theory. 458-462 - Ryan Lueder

, Yuhui Zhao
, Mitchell Gray
, Shuyuan Liu
, Saurabh Chatterjee
, Qiao Zhang
, David Nahodyl
, Thad Starner
:
Nosi IDE: Securing Coding Assessment Integrity in the Age of LLMs via Process-Driven Analytics. 463-467 - Nicholas Lytle

, Bobbie Lynn Eicher
, Breanna Shi
, Alex Simon Duncan
, Maria Konte
, Chris Wirgler
, Dante Ciolfi
, Charles R. Clark
, David A. Joyner
:
Online Computing Research Experiences at Scale. 468-472 - Daniel March

, Zhen Xu
, Chengyuan Yao
, Renzhe Yu
:
Calibrating Social Bias in LLM and Human Responses in Postsecondary Online Discussion Forums. 473-476 - Xianghui Meng

, Yujing Zhang
, Jionghao Lin
:
Fairness Audits for Learning at Scale: A Two-Stage Audit of Threshold Fairness and Capacity-Limited Support Allocation. 477-481 - Diana Nurbakova

, Liana Ermakova
:
IILAP+: Exploring AI-Assisted Dataset Creation for Critical Thinking Assessment. 482-486 - Kimaya Padmashali

, Wiktor Pedrycz
, Oleksandra Poquet
:
Synthetic Personas for Scaling Privacy Research in Education. 487-490 - Stuti Pande

, Yige Song
, Kamila Misiejuk
, Sonsoles López-Pernas
, Mohammed Saqr
, Eduardo A. Oliveira
:
Profiling Writing Skills at Scale: A Hybrid Stylometry-LLM Pipeline for Formative Feedback. 491-495 - Saerok Park

, Ha Nguyen
:
From Analysis to Feedback: Using Large Language Models to Support Self-Regulated Learning. 496-500 - Griffin Pitts

, Muntasir Hoq
, Peter Brusilovsky
, Narges Norouzi
, Arto Hellas
, Juho Leinonen
, Bita Akram
:
Personalized Worked Example Generation from Student Code Submissions Using Pattern-based Knowledge Components. 501-505 - Zak Risha

, Jeremy Roschelle
:
Data at Scale: Using Bibliometrics to Understand a Growing Research Subfield. 506-510 - Ana Mary Rusch

, David A. Joyner
:
Motivations of Female Applicants to an Online and At-Scale Graduate Computer Science Program. 511-515 - Sarah Shaw

, Aly Murray
, Kirk Vanacore
:
Sentiment Gaps Between AI and Human Tutors: A Work-in-Progress Investigation. 516-519 - Maximilian Sölch, Alexandra Neagu

, Marcus Messer
, Peter B. Johnson
, Gerd Kortemeyer
, Samuel S. H. Ng
, Fun Siong Lim
, Stephan Krusche
:
μEd API: Towards a Shared API for Education Microservices. 520-524 - Md Sakib Ul Rahman Sourove

, Shimei Pan
, Lujie Karen Chen
:
An LLM-Based Agentic AI System for Automated Construction of Knowledge Taxonomies in Data Science Problem Solving. 525-529 - Daniel Spikol

, Zaibei Li
, Shunpei Yamaguchi
:
Constructing Ground Truth for Collaborative Action Recognition: Lessons from Human-VLM Disagreement. 530-534 - Frank Stinar

, Ruohan Zong
, Dong Wang
, Nigel Bosch
:
EdataWeave: Collecting Learning Behaviors across Multiple Platforms. 535-539 - Sam Urmian

, Pengfei Li
, Mohammad Khalil
:
Federated Learning for a Scalable, Quality, and Trust Enabling Technologies in Education without Data Sharing. 540-544 - Olga Viberg

, Jacqueline Wong
, Selma Ozdere
, Richard Lee Davis
:
Scalable SRL Conversational Scaffolding for Student-LLM Interaction. 545-549 - Yuchen Wang

, Jia Earn Lim
, Pei-Duo Yu
, Chee-Wei Tan
:
My Code Weapon: Adaptive Problem Recommendation and Knowledge Retention Scheduling in AI-assisted Programming Education. 550-554 - Yi Hsuan Wang

:
Developing Simulation-based Learning Materials to Support Practical Broadcasting Skills in Higher Education. 555-557 - Chris Wirgler

, Alex S. Duncan
, Nick Lytle
, David A. Joyner
:
Supporting Research Engagement and Teaching Assistant Hiring at Scale in a Large Online CS Program: An Experience Report. 558-562 - Zhen Xu

, Yijun Dai
, Chenxi Shi
, Siyan Li
, Chengyuan Yao
, Renzhe Yu
:
Asynchronous Discussion Forums Show More Analytical but Less Diverse Student Engagement in the Age of AI. 563-566 - Yuhui Zhao

, Ryan Lueder
, Qiao Zhang
, Thad Starner
:
Detecting and Visualizing LLM Usage in Students' Essays Leveraging Past Assignments and LLM Answers. 567-571

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