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1.102 lhunt 6: <title>Selectors API Level 1</title>
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1.31 lhunt 27: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt=W3C height=48
28: src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width=72></a></p>
1.1 avankest 29:
1.102 lhunt 30: <h1 id=title>Selectors API Level 1</h1>
1.12 avankest 31: <!-- "DOM Selectors" was not acceptable. "DOM Level 4 Selectors" and
1.36 lhunt 32: conforming to the DOM specification template (if there is such a thing) is
33: just silly so we got stuck with this weird name. -->
1.12 avankest 34:
1.112 lhunt 35: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=W3C-doctype>W3C Working Draft 28 June 2012</h2>
1.1 avankest 36:
37: <dl>
1.5 avankest 38: <dt>This Version:
1.1 avankest 39:
1.11 avankest 40: <dd><a
1.112 lhunt 41: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-selectors-api-20120628/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-selectors-api-20120628/</a>
1.111 lhunt 42:
43: <dt>Latest Editor's Draft:
44:
45: <dd>Selectors API Level 1 <a
46: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/</a>
47:
48: <dd>Selectors API Level 2 <a
49: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api2/">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api2/</a>
1.1 avankest 50:
1.5 avankest 51: <dt>Latest Version:
1.1 avankest 52:
53: <dd><a
54: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>
55:
1.12 avankest 56: <dt>Previous Versions:
57:
58: <dd><a
1.112 lhunt 59: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-selectors-api-20091222/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-selectors-api-20091222/</a>
60:
61: <dd><a
1.102 lhunt 62: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-selectors-api-20081114/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-selectors-api-20081114/</a>
63:
64: <dd><a
1.44 lhunt 65: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071221/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071221/</a>
66:
67: <dd><a
1.31 lhunt 68: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071019/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071019/</a>
1.29 lhunt 69:
70: <dd><a
1.12 avankest 71: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060926/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060926/</a>
1.1 avankest 72:
73: <dd><a
74: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060525/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060525/</a>
75:
1.20 lhunt 76: <dt>Editors:
77:
1.46 lhunt 78: <dd><a href="http://annevankesteren.nl/">Anne van Kesteren</a> (<a
79: href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>) <<a
80: href="mailto:annevk@opera.com">annevk@opera.com</a>>
81:
1.29 lhunt 82: <dd><a href="http://lachy.id.au/">Lachlan Hunt</a> (<a
83: href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>) <<a
1.20 lhunt 84: href="mailto:lachlan.hunt@lachy.id.au">lachlan.hunt@lachy.id.au</a>>
1.1 avankest 85: </dl>
86:
1.11 avankest 87: <p class=copyright><a
1.1 avankest 88: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
1.112 lhunt 89: © 2006-2012 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym
1.106 lhunt 90: title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
91: href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym
92: title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a
93: href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym
94: title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>,
95: <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
1.31 lhunt 96: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
97: <a
98: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
99: and <a
100: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
101: use</a> rules apply.</p>
1.33 lhunt 102: </div>
1.1 avankest 103:
104: <hr>
105:
1.11 avankest 106: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
1.1 avankest 107:
1.23 lhunt 108: <p>Selectors, which are widely used in CSS, are patterns that match against
1.54 lhunt 109: elements in a tree structure <a href="#SELECT"
110: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a><a href="#CSS21"
1.69 lhunt 111: rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{CSS21}}--></a>. The Selectors API
1.108 lhunt 112: specification defines methods for retrieving <a
113: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes from the <abbr
114: title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> by matching against a group of
115: selectors. It is often desirable to perform DOM operations on a specific
116: set of elements in a document. These methods simplify the process of
117: acquiring specific elements, especially compared with the more verbose
118: techniques defined and used in the past.
1.1 avankest 119:
1.11 avankest 120: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=sotd>Status of this Document</h2>
1.1 avankest 121:
122: <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
123: its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
124: current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
125: can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
126: index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
127:
1.112 lhunt 128: <p>This is the 28 June 2012 Last Call Working Draft of "Selectors API". The
129: W3C Membership and other interested parties are invited to review the
130: document and send comments to <a
1.57 lhunt 131: href="mailto:public-webapps@w3.org">public-webapps@w3.org</a> (<a
132: href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/">public
1.112 lhunt 133: archive</a>) with <kbd>[selectors-api]</kbd> in the subject, through 19
134: July 2012. (Please note that a different list was used until mid 2008, so
1.102 lhunt 135: some old messages are <a
136: href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapi/">archived there
1.112 lhunt 137: instead</a>).
138:
139: <p>Web content and browser developers are encouraged to review this draft.
140: This draft is considered very stable and is expected to progress to
141: Candidate Recommendation after the review period. The <a
142: href="http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/">Web Applications (WebApps) Working
143: Group</a> has developed a comprehensive <a
144: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api-testsuite/">Selectors
145: API test suite</a>.
1.1 avankest 146:
1.29 lhunt 147: <p>This document was developed by the <a
1.57 lhunt 148: href="http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/">Web Applications Working Group</a>.
149: The Working Group expects to advance this Working Draft to Recommendation
1.29 lhunt 150: Status.
151:
1.113 ! lhunt 152: <p>Publication as a Working Draft does not imply endorsement by the W3C
! 153: Membership. This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or
! 154: obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this
! 155: document as other than work in progress.
1.1 avankest 156:
157: <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
158: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
159: 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
1.77 lhunt 160: href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/42538/status"
1.11 avankest 161: rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
1.1 avankest 162: connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
163: instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
164: knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
165: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
1.31 lhunt 166: Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
1.1 avankest 167: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
168: 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.
169:
1.11 avankest 170: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=toc>Table of Contents</h2>
1.1 avankest 171: <!--begin-toc-->
172:
1.11 avankest 173: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 174: <li><a href="#introduction"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>
1.11 avankest 175: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 176: <li><a href="#examples"><span class=secno>1.1. </span>Examples</a>
1.49 lhunt 177: </ul>
1.1 avankest 178:
1.102 lhunt 179: <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance
1.49 lhunt 180: Requirements</a>
181: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 182: <li><a href="#terminology"><span class=secno>2.1. </span>Terminology and
1.49 lhunt 183: Conventions</a>
184: </ul>
1.1 avankest 185:
1.102 lhunt 186: <li><a href="#interoperability"><span class=secno>3.
1.49 lhunt 187: </span>Interoperability Considerations</a>
188: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 189: <li><a href="#extensibility"><span class=secno>3.1.
1.49 lhunt 190: </span>Extensibility</a>
191: </ul>
192:
1.102 lhunt 193: <li><a href="#security"><span class=secno>4. </span>Security
1.49 lhunt 194: Considerations</a>
1.21 lhunt 195:
1.102 lhunt 196: <li><a href="#privacy"><span class=secno>5. </span>Privacy Considerations
1.49 lhunt 197: </a>
1.1 avankest 198:
1.102 lhunt 199: <li><a href="#the-apis"><span class=secno>6. </span>The APIs</a>
1.16 avankest 200: <ul class=toc>
1.108 lhunt 201: <li><a href="#interface-definitions"><span class=secno>6.1.
202: </span>Interface Definitions</a>
1.99 lhunt 203:
1.108 lhunt 204: <li><a href="#findelements"><span class=secno>6.2. </span>Finding
205: Elements</a>
206:
207: <li><a href="#grammar"><span class=secno>6.3. </span>Grammar</a>
208:
209: <li><a href="#processing-selectors"><span class=secno>6.4.
1.99 lhunt 210: </span>Processing Selectors</a>
211:
1.108 lhunt 212: <li><a href="#resolving-namespaces"><span class=secno>6.5.
1.87 lhunt 213: </span>Resolving Namespaces</a>
1.51 lhunt 214: </ul>
1.50 lhunt 215:
1.102 lhunt 216: <li><a href="#dom-feature-string"><span class=secno>7. </span>DOM Feature
1.64 lhunt 217: String</a>
218:
1.102 lhunt 219: <li><a href="#examples0"><span class=secno>8. </span>Examples</a>
1.64 lhunt 220:
1.11 avankest 221: <li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
1.54 lhunt 222: <ul class=toc>
223: <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
224: references</a>
225:
1.84 lhunt 226: <li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
227: references</a>
1.54 lhunt 228: </ul>
1.1 avankest 229:
1.11 avankest 230: <li class=no-num><a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
1.1 avankest 231: </ul>
232: <!--end-toc-->
233:
1.102 lhunt 234: <h2 id=introduction><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>
1.1 avankest 235:
236: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
237:
1.108 lhunt 238: <p>This specification provides methods for selecting and testing elements
239: based on whether or not they match a given selector. With these methods
240: methods, it is easier to match a set of <a
241: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes based on specific criteria,
242: than having to subsequently filter the result of calling other methods
243: like <code>getElementsByTagName()</code>.
1.10 avankest 244:
1.102 lhunt 245: <h3 id=examples><span class=secno>1.1. </span>Examples</h3>
1.1 avankest 246:
247: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
248:
1.54 lhunt 249: <p>Some ECMAScript <a href="#ECMA-262"
250: rel=biblioentry>[ECMA-262]<!--{{ECMA-262}}--></a> examples:
1.1 avankest 251:
1.14 avankest 252: <div class=example>
1.41 lhunt 253: <p>This is an example table written in HTML 4.01.</p>
1.22 lhunt 254:
1.20 lhunt 255: <pre><table id="score">
256: <thead>
257: <tr>
258: <th>Test
259: <th>Result
260: <tfoot>
261: <tr>
262: <th>Average
263: <td>82%
264: <tbody>
265: <tr>
266: <td>A
267: <td>87%
268: <tr>
269: <td>B
270: <td>78%
271: <tr>
272: <td>C
273: <td>81%
274: </table></pre>
275:
276: <p>In order to obtain the cells containing the results in the table, which
277: might be done, for example, to plot the values on a graph, there are at
278: least two approaches that may be taken. Using only the APIs from DOM
279: Level 2, it requires a script like the following that iterates through
280: each <code>tr</code> within each <code>tbody</code> in the
281: <code>table</code> to find the second cell of each row.</p>
282:
283: <pre>var table = document.getElementById("score");
1.23 lhunt 284: var groups = table.tBodies;
285: var rows = null;
1.24 lhunt 286: var cells = [];
1.20 lhunt 287:
1.23 lhunt 288: for (var i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
289: rows = groups[i].rows;
290: for (var j = 0; j < rows.length; j++) {
291: cells.push(rows[j].cells[1]);
1.20 lhunt 292: }
1.36 lhunt 293: }</pre>
1.20 lhunt 294:
1.46 lhunt 295: <p>Alternatively, using the <code
296: title=document-selectallelements>querySelectorAll()</code> method, that
297: script becomes much more concise.</p>
1.20 lhunt 298:
1.36 lhunt 299: <pre>var cells = document.querySelectorAll("#score>tbody>tr>td:nth-of-type(2)");</pre>
1.41 lhunt 300:
1.84 lhunt 301: <p>Note that the script operates on the DOM and works independently from
302: the syntax used to create the document. Thus this script will also work
303: correctly for an equivalent table created from well-formed XHTML instead
304: of HTML, or dynamically created and inserted into a document using DOM
305: APIs.</p>
1.20 lhunt 306: </div>
307:
1.102 lhunt 308: <h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance Requirements</h2>
1.1 avankest 309:
1.21 lhunt 310: <p>All diagrams, examples and notes in this specification are
1.20 lhunt 311: non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative.
312: Everything else in this specification is normative.
1.1 avankest 313:
1.73 lhunt 314: <p>The key words <em class=ct>must</em>, <em class=ct>must not</em>, <em
315: class=ct>should</em>, <em class=ct>may</em> and <em
316: class=ct>recommended</em> in the normative parts of this document are to
317: be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 <a href="#RFC2119"
1.54 lhunt 318: rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>.
1.1 avankest 319:
1.11 avankest 320: <p>The following conformance classes are defined (and considered) by this
321: specification:
1.1 avankest 322:
323: <dl>
1.87 lhunt 324: <dt><dfn id=conforming-user-agent>conforming user agent</dfn>
1.1 avankest 325:
1.108 lhunt 326: <dd>A user agent that implements the interfaces described in this
327: specification and conforms to all <em class=ct>must</em>-level criteria
328: that apply to implementations.
1.22 lhunt 329:
1.87 lhunt 330: <dt><dfn id=conforming-application>conforming application</dfn>
1.22 lhunt 331:
332: <dd>An application that uses the interfaces defined in this specification
1.36 lhunt 333: and conforms to all <em class=ct>must</em>-level criteria that apply to
334: applications.
1.1 avankest 335: </dl>
336:
1.102 lhunt 337: <h3 id=terminology><span class=secno>2.1. </span>Terminology and
338: Conventions</h3>
1.16 avankest 339:
1.54 lhunt 340: <p>The terminology used in this specification is that from Selectors <a
341: href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>.
1.16 avankest 342:
1.108 lhunt 343: <p>The following features are defined in the DOM Level 3 Core specification
344: <a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
345: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>:
346:
347: <ul>
348: <li><dfn id=document title=dom-document><code>Document</code></dfn>
349: interface.
350:
351: <li><dfn id=documentfragment><code>DocumentFragment</code></dfn>
352: interface.
353:
354: <li><dfn id=element><code>Element</code></dfn> interface.
355:
356: <li><dfn id=nodelist><code>NodeList</code></dfn> interface.
357: </ul>
358:
1.73 lhunt 359: <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps <em
360: class=ct>may</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result
361: is equivalent.
1.16 avankest 362:
1.90 lhunt 363: <p>The IDL used in this specification uses the syntax defined in Web IDL <a
364: href="#WEBIDL" rel=biblioentry>[WEBIDL]<!--{{!WEBIDL}}--></a>.
365:
1.23 lhunt 366: <p>The construction "<code>Foo</code> object", where <code>Foo</code> is
367: actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of the more accurate
1.24 lhunt 368: "object implementing the <code>Foo</code> interface".
1.23 lhunt 369:
1.102 lhunt 370: <h2 id=interoperability><span class=secno>3. </span>Interoperability
1.49 lhunt 371: Considerations</h2>
1.16 avankest 372:
1.23 lhunt 373: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
374:
1.65 lhunt 375: <p>Some implementations might have different levels of support for
376: Selectors. If some implementations lack support for some selectors, then
1.87 lhunt 377: the use of such selectors will result in those implementations failing to
378: return the expected results. Authors are advised to check for the DOM
379: Exceptions thrown by these APIs and provide a fallback for graceful
380: degradation.
1.19 avankest 381:
1.102 lhunt 382: <h3 id=extensibility><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Extensibility</h3>
1.5 avankest 383:
384: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
385:
386: <p>Extensions of the APIs defined in this specification are <em>strongly
1.36 lhunt 387: discouraged</em>. Implementors, Working Groups and other interested
388: parties should discuss extensions on a relevant public forum, such as <a
1.57 lhunt 389: href="mailto:public-webapps@w3.org">public-webapps@w3.org</a>.
1.5 avankest 390:
1.102 lhunt 391: <h2 id=security><span class=secno>4. </span>Security Considerations</h2>
1.11 avankest 392:
393: <p>It is expected that implementing this specification introduces no new
1.21 lhunt 394: security risks for users.
395:
1.62 lhunt 396: <p>If, at any time, the implementation detects a situation which would
1.73 lhunt 397: violate security policies, the implementation <em class=ct>may</em> abort
398: and raise a security exception. If any other error condition occurs which
399: is not covered directly by this or any other relevant specification, the
400: implementation <em class=ct>may</em> abort and raise an appropriate,
1.62 lhunt 401: language-binding-specific or implementation-specific exception.
402:
1.102 lhunt 403: <h2 id=privacy><span class=secno>5. </span>Privacy Considerations</h2>
1.11 avankest 404:
1.20 lhunt 405: <p>History theft is a potential privacy issue because the
1.54 lhunt 406: <code>:visited</code> pseudo-class in Selectors <a href="#SELECT"
407: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a> allows authors to query
408: which links have been visited.
1.20 lhunt 409:
410: <p class=note>This is not a new problem, as it can already be exploited
411: using existing CSS and DOM APIs, such as <code>getComputedStyle()</code>
1.54 lhunt 412: <a href="#DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE"
413: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE]<!--{{DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE}}--></a>.
1.20 lhunt 414:
415: <div class=example>
1.36 lhunt 416: <p>In this example, <var>vlinks</var> will acquire a list of links that
417: the user has visited. The author can then obtain the URIs and potentially
1.20 lhunt 418: exploit this knowledge.</p>
419:
1.27 lhunt 420: <pre>var vlinks = document.querySelectorAll(":visited");
1.20 lhunt 421: for (var i = 0; i < vlinks.length; i++) {
422: doSomethingEvil(vlinks[i].href);
423: }</pre>
424: </div>
425:
426: <p>As <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#link">defined in
1.54 lhunt 427: <cite>Selectors</cite></a> (<a href="#SELECT"
428: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>, section 6.6.1), user
429: agents <em class=ct>may</em> treat all links as unvisited links. It is <em
1.47 lhunt 430: class=ct>recommended</em> that implementations behave consistently with
431: other uses of Selectors supported by the user agent.
1.11 avankest 432:
1.102 lhunt 433: <h2 id=the-apis><span class=secno>6. </span>The APIs</h2>
1.36 lhunt 434:
435: <p>The term <dfn id=first>first</dfn> used in the definitions of the
1.99 lhunt 436: methods defined in this specification means <em>first in document
437: order</em>. The term <dfn id=document-order>document order</dfn> means a
438: depth-first pre-order traversal of the DOM tree or subtree in question.
439: The term <dfn id=context-node>context node</dfn> refers to the node upon
1.108 lhunt 440: which the method was invoked. The term <dfn id=subtrees>subtrees</dfn>
441: refers to the collection of elements that are descendants of the <a
442: href="#context-node">context node</a>. The term <dfn
1.99 lhunt 443: id=matching-element-node>matching <code>Element</code> node</dfn> refers
1.108 lhunt 444: to an <a href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> node that matches the <a
445: href="#selector-string">selector string</a> (<var>selectors</var>) that
446: was passed to the method, according to the rules for matching elements
447: defined in Selectors <a href="#SELECT"
1.102 lhunt 448: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>.
1.65 lhunt 449:
1.108 lhunt 450: <h3 id=interface-definitions><span class=secno>6.1. </span>Interface
451: Definitions</h3>
1.99 lhunt 452:
1.108 lhunt 453: <pre class=idl>partial interface <a href="#document"
454: title=dom-document>Document</a> {
1.110 lhunt 455: Element? <a href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 456: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
457: NodeList <a
458: href="#queryselectorall"
459: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
460: };
461:
462: partial interface <a
463: href="#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a> {
1.110 lhunt 464: Element? <a
1.106 lhunt 465: href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 466: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
467: NodeList <a
468: href="#queryselectorall"
469: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
470: };
471:
472: partial interface <a
473: href="#element">Element</a> {
1.110 lhunt 474: Element? <a href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 475: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
476: NodeList <a
1.106 lhunt 477: href="#queryselectorall"
1.108 lhunt 478: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
479: };
480: </pre>
481:
482: <h3 id=findelements><span class=secno>6.2. </span>Finding Elements</h3>
483:
484: <p>The <var>selectors</var> argument for the <a
485: href="#queryselector"><code>querySelector</code></a> and <a
486: href="#queryselectorall"><code>querySelectorAll</code></a> methods accepts
487: a <a href="#selector-string">selector string</a>.
1.99 lhunt 488:
1.53 lhunt 489: <p>The <dfn id=queryselector
1.108 lhunt 490: title=queryselector><code>querySelector()</code></dfn> methods on the <a
491: href="#document"><code title=dom-document>Document</code></a>, <a
492: href="#documentfragment"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a>, and <a
493: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> interfaces <em class=ct>must</em>
494: return the <a href="#first">first</a> matching <a
495: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> node within the <a
496: href="#subtrees">subtrees</a> of the <a href="#context-node">context
497: node</a>. If there is no matching <a
498: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a>, the method <em
499: class=ct>must</em> return <code>null</code>.
1.1 avankest 500:
1.53 lhunt 501: <p>The <dfn id=queryselectorall
1.108 lhunt 502: title=queryselectorall><code>querySelectorAll()</code></dfn> methods on
503: the <a href="#document"><code title=dom-document>Document</code></a>, <a
504: href="#documentfragment"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a>, and <a
505: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> interfaces <em class=ct>must</em>
506: return a <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> containing all of
507: the matching <a href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes within the
508: <a href="#subtrees">subtrees</a> of the <a href="#context-node">context
509: node</a>, in <a href="#document-order">document order</a>. If there are no
510: matching nodes, the method <em class=ct>must</em> return an empty <a
511: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>.
1.99 lhunt 512:
1.108 lhunt 513: <p>The <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> object returned by the
514: <a href="#queryselectorall"><code>querySelectorAll()</code></a> method <em
1.99 lhunt 515: class=ct>must</em> be static, not <a
516: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#td-live"
517: title="Document Object Model Core">live</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
518: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
519: section 1.1.1). Subsequent changes to the structure of the underlying
1.108 lhunt 520: document <em class=ct>must not</em> be reflected in the <a
521: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> object. This means that the
522: object will instead contain a list of matching <a
523: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes that were in the document
524: at the time the list was created.
1.99 lhunt 525:
1.108 lhunt 526: <h3 id=grammar><span class=secno>6.3. </span>Grammar</h3>
1.99 lhunt 527:
1.108 lhunt 528: <p>A <dfn id=selector-string>selector string</dfn> is a list of one or more
529: <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors4/#complex">group of
1.99 lhunt 530: selectors</a> (<a href="#SELECT"
1.108 lhunt 531: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>, section 5) that <em
532: class=ct>may</em> be surrounded by whitespace and matches the
533: <code>dom_selectors_group</code> production.
534:
535: <pre>
536: dom_selectors_group
537: : S* [ selectors_group ] S*
538: ;
539: </pre>
540:
541: <p>The productions for <code>selectors_group</code> is defined in Selectors
542: Level 3 (<a href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>,
543: section 10.1). These groups of selectors <em class=ct>should not</em> use
544: <a href="#namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved"
1.87 lhunt 545: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefixes that need to be resolved</a>.
1.36 lhunt 546:
1.96 lhunt 547: <p class=note>Implementers are advised that if <code>null</code> or
548: <code>undefined</code> are passed as the value of the <var>selectors</var>
549: parameter, they are to be handled as defined in WebIDL <a href="#WEBIDL"
550: rel=biblioentry>[WEBIDL]<!--{{!WEBIDL}}--></a>. Authors are advised to
551: avoid passing these values.
552:
1.36 lhunt 553: <p class=note>Authors are advised that while the use of pseudo-elements in
554: selectors is permitted, they will not match any elements in the document,
555: and thus would not result in any elements being returned. Therefore,
1.73 lhunt 556: authors are advised to avoid the use of pseudo-elements in selectors that
557: are passed to the methods defined in this specification.
1.36 lhunt 558:
1.108 lhunt 559: <h3 id=processing-selectors><span class=secno>6.4. </span>Processing
560: Selectors</h3>
561:
562: <p>The steps to <dfn id=parse-a-selector>parse a selector</dfn> are as
563: follows:
564:
565: <ol>
566: <li>
567: <p>Let <var>selectors</var> be the <a href="#selector-string">selector
568: string</a> input to this algorithm.
569:
570: <li>
571: <p>If <a href="#selector-string">selector string</a> matches the grammar
572: for <code>dom_selectors_group</code>, let <var>result</var> be the group
573: of selectors returned as a result of parsing the <var>selectors</var>
574: according to the grammar for <code>dom_selectors_group</code> defined
575: above.
576:
577: <li>
578: <p>Otherwise, <a
579: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMException-SYNTAX_ERR">raise
580: a <code>SYNTAX_ERR</code> exception</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
581: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
582: section 1.4) and abort this algorithm.</p>
583:
584: <li>Return <var>result</var>.
585: </ol>
586:
587: <p>The steps to <dfn id=evaluate-a-selector>evaluate a selector</dfn> are
588: as follows:
589:
590: <ol>
591: <li>
592: <p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the element being evaluated.
593:
594: <li>
595: <p>Let <var>selector group</var> be the selector input into this
596: algotihm.
597:
598: <li>
599: <p>If any selector in <var>selector group</var> matches <var
600: title="">element</var>, return true. Otherwise, return false.
601: </ol>
602:
603: <p>Selectors are evaluated against a given element in the context of the
604: entire DOM tree in which the element is located.
1.20 lhunt 605:
1.50 lhunt 606: <p>If the user agent also supports some level of CSS, the implementation
607: <em class=ct>should</em> support the same set of selectors in both these
608: APIs and CSS.
1.1 avankest 609:
1.108 lhunt 610: <h3 id=resolving-namespaces><span class=secno>6.5. </span>Resolving
1.87 lhunt 611: Namespaces</h3>
1.50 lhunt 612:
1.87 lhunt 613: <p>If the group of selectors include <a
614: href="#namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved"
1.65 lhunt 615: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefixes that need to be resolved</a>, the
1.73 lhunt 616: implementation <em class=ct>must</em> <a
1.109 lhunt 617: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMException-SYNTAX_ERR">raise
618: a <code>SYNTAX_ERR</code> exception</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
1.54 lhunt 619: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
620: section 1.4).
1.50 lhunt 621:
1.86 lhunt 622: <p class=note>This specification does not provide support for resolving
623: arbitrary namespace prefixes. However, support for a namespace prefix
624: resolution mechanism may be considered for inclusion in a future version
625: of this specification.
626:
1.87 lhunt 627: <p>A <dfn id=namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved
628: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefix needs to be resolved</dfn> if the
629: namespace component is neither empty (e.g. <code>|div</code>),
630: representing the null namespace, or an asterisk (e.g. <code>*|div</code>),
631: representing any namespace. Since the asterisk or empty namespace prefix
632: do not need to be resolved, implementations that support the namespace
633: syntax in Selectors <em class=ct>must</em> support these. <a
634: href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>
1.60 lhunt 635:
1.102 lhunt 636: <h2 id=dom-feature-string><span class=secno>7. </span>DOM Feature String</h2>
1.64 lhunt 637:
1.70 lhunt 638: <p>DOM3 Core defines several methods for checking for interface support, or
639: for obtaining implementations of interfaces, using <a
1.64 lhunt 640: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMFeatures">feature
1.94 lhunt 641: strings</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
1.65 lhunt 642: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
1.94 lhunt 643: section 1.3.6). A DOM application can use these methods, each of which
1.70 lhunt 644: accept <var>feature</var> and <var>version</var> parameters, using the
645: values "<code title="">Selectors-API</code>" and "<code>1.0</code>"
646: (respectively).
647:
648: <p>Conforming implementations <em class=ct>must</em> respond with a
649: <code>true</code> value when the <code>hasFeature</code> method is queried
650: with these values. Authors are cautioned, however, that implementations
651: returning <code>true</code> might not be perfectly compliant, and that
652: implementations returning <code>false</code> might well have support for
653: features in this specification; in general, therefore, use of this method
654: is discouraged.
1.64 lhunt 655:
1.102 lhunt 656: <h2 id=examples0><span class=secno>8. </span>Examples</h2>
1.64 lhunt 657:
1.22 lhunt 658: <div class=example>
1.72 lhunt 659: <p>The following examples make use of this sample XHTML document.</p>
1.20 lhunt 660:
1.72 lhunt 661: <pre><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
1.22 lhunt 662: <head>
663: <title>Selectors API Example</title>
664: </head>
665: <body>
1.72 lhunt 666: <div id="foo">
667: <p class="warning">This is a sample warning</p>
668: <p class="error">This is a sample error</p>
669: </div>
670: <div id="bar">
671: <p>...</p>
672: </div>
1.22 lhunt 673: </body>
1.36 lhunt 674: </html></pre>
1.20 lhunt 675:
1.65 lhunt 676: <p>The methods accept a group of selectors (comma separated) as the
677: argument. The following example would select all <code>p</code> elements
678: in the document that have a class of either "<code>error</code>" or
679: "<code>warning</code>".</p>
680:
681: <pre>var alerts = document.querySelectorAll("p.warning, p.error");</pre>
1.21 lhunt 682:
1.65 lhunt 683: <p>The <code title=document-selectelement>querySelector()</code> methods
684: also accept a group of selectors and they will return the first element
685: (if any) that matches any of the selectors in the group.</p>
686:
687: <pre>var x = document.querySelector("#foo, #bar");</pre>
688:
689: <p><var>x</var> would contain the first element in the document with an ID
1.94 lhunt 690: of either <code>foo</code> or <code>bar</code>, or <code>null</code> if
691: there is no such element. In the sample document above, it would select
692: the <code>div</code> element with the ID of <code>foo</code> because it
693: is first in document order. The order of the selectors used in the
694: parameter has no effect and would have the same result if the order were
695: reversed, as in:</p>
1.81 lhunt 696:
697: <pre>var x = document.querySelector("#bar, #foo");</pre>
698:
699: <p>The methods can also be invoked on elements. In the following example,
700: assume the event handler is registered on an element, and thus the method
701: is invoked on the target element of the event.</p>
1.22 lhunt 702:
1.65 lhunt 703: <pre>function handle(evt) {
704: var x = evt.target.querySelector("span");
705: ...
706: // Do something with x
1.21 lhunt 707: }</pre>
1.14 avankest 708:
1.74 lhunt 709: <p>Even though the method is invoked on an element, selectors are still
710: evaluated in the context of the entire document. In the following
711: example, the method will still match the <code>div</code> element's child
712: <code>p</code> element, even though the <code>body</code> element is not
713: a descendant of the <code>div</code> element itself.</p>
714:
715: <pre>var div = document.getElementById("bar");
1.80 lhunt 716: var p = div.querySelector("body p");</pre>
1.74 lhunt 717:
1.72 lhunt 718: <p>Given this sample fragment that contains a list as a navigation menu:</p>
719:
720: <pre><ul class="nav">
721: <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
722: <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
723: <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
724: </ul></pre>
725:
726: <p>The following example selects all the <code>li</code> elements and
1.108 lhunt 727: demonstrates how to iterate through the collection in a <a
728: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>.</p>
1.21 lhunt 729:
1.41 lhunt 730: <pre>var lis = document.querySelectorAll("ul.nav>li");
1.24 lhunt 731: for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
1.21 lhunt 732: process(lis.item(i));
733: }</pre>
734:
1.108 lhunt 735: <p>In ECMAScript, the language binding also allows <a
736: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>s to be addressed using the
737: array notation, so that loop could be rewritten like this:</p>
1.21 lhunt 738:
1.24 lhunt 739: <pre>for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
1.21 lhunt 740: process(lis[i]);
741: }</pre>
742:
1.108 lhunt 743: <p>Since the <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> objects
744: returned by these methods are not live, changes to the DOM do not affect
745: the content of the list. Consider the <code>process()</code> function
746: called in the previous examples is defined as follows:</p>
1.21 lhunt 747:
1.36 lhunt 748: <pre>function process(elmt) {
1.21 lhunt 749: elmt.parentNode.removeChild(elmt);
750: }</pre>
751:
752: <p>This would cause each selected element to be removed from the DOM, but
1.108 lhunt 753: each element will remain in the <a
754: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>. If the list were a live <a
755: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>, removing an item from the DOM
756: would also remove the element from the list and adjust the indexes of
757: subsequent elements. That would have adverse effects upon the loop
758: because not all selected elements would be processed.</p>
1.87 lhunt 759:
760: <p>In documents comprising elements from multiple namespaces, it's
761: possible that some elements from different namespaces share the same
762: local name. Since this API does not natively support a namespace
763: resolution mechanism for selectors, obtaining a list of such elements
1.94 lhunt 764: from a specific namespace, excluding all others, requires additional
1.87 lhunt 765: processing to filter the result. The following example illustrates a
766: document containing <code>video</code> elements from both the SVG and
767: XHTML namespaces.</p>
768:
769: <pre><svg id="svg1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
770: xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
771: <video id="svgvideo1" xlink:href="myvideo.ogg" width="320" height="240"/>
772: <foreignObject width="100" height="100">
773: <video id="htmlvideo1" src="myvideo.ogg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">No video1</video>
774: </foreignObject>
775: </svg></pre>
776:
777: <p>The following script demonstrates how to first select the
778: <code>video</code> elements and then filter out the unwanted elements
779: based on their namespace.</p>
780:
1.106 lhunt 781: <pre>var elms = document.querySelectorAll("svg video");
1.87 lhunt 782: var result = new Array();
783: var svgns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
784:
785: for(var i = 0; i < elms.length; i++) {
1.107 lhunt 786: if(elms[i].namespaceURI == svgns) {
1.87 lhunt 787: result.push(elms[i]);
788: }
789: }</pre>
1.21 lhunt 790: </div>
791:
1.11 avankest 792: <h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2>
1.1 avankest 793:
1.54 lhunt 794: <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative references</h3>
795: <!--begin-normative-->
796: <!-- Sorted by label -->
797:
798: <dl class=bibliography>
799: <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
800: <!---->
801:
802: <dt id=DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]
803:
1.88 lhunt 804: <dd>Gavin Nicol; et al. <a
1.54 lhunt 805: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407"><cite>Document
806: Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification.</cite></a> 7 April 2004.
807: W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
808: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407</a>
809: </dd>
810: <!---->
811:
812: <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]
813:
814: <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
815: words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> Internet
816: RFC 2119. URL: <a
817: href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
818: </dd>
819: <!---->
820:
821: <dt id=SELECT>[SELECT]
822:
1.108 lhunt 823: <dd>Tantek Çelik; et al. <a
1.107 lhunt 824: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/"><cite>Selectors
825: Level 3.</cite></a> 29 September 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
826: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/</a>
1.54 lhunt 827: </dd>
828: <!---->
1.76 lhunt 829:
830: <dt id=WEBIDL>[WEBIDL]
831:
832: <dd>Cameron McCormack. <a
1.88 lhunt 833: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-WebIDL-20081219"><cite>Web
834: IDL.</cite></a> 19 December 2008. W3C Working Draft. (Work in progress.)
1.76 lhunt 835: URL: <a
1.88 lhunt 836: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-WebIDL-20081219">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-WebIDL-20081219</a>
1.76 lhunt 837: </dd>
838: <!---->
1.54 lhunt 839: </dl>
840: <!--end-normative-->
1.1 avankest 841:
1.84 lhunt 842: <h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative references</h3>
1.54 lhunt 843: <!--begin-informative-->
844: <!-- Sorted by label -->
845:
846: <dl class=bibliography>
847: <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
848: <!---->
849:
1.69 lhunt 850: <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]
851:
852: <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
1.107 lhunt 853: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607"><cite>Cascading Style
1.108 lhunt 854: Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 7 June
1.106 lhunt 855: 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
1.107 lhunt 856: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607</a>
1.69 lhunt 857: </dd>
858: <!---->
859:
1.54 lhunt 860: <dt id=DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE>[DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE]
861:
1.108 lhunt 862: <dd>Chris Wilson; Philippe Le Hégaret; Vidur Apparao. <a
1.54 lhunt 863: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113"><cite>Document
864: Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Style Specification.</cite></a> 13 November
865: 2000. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
866: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113</a>
867: </dd>
868: <!---->
869:
870: <dt id=ECMA-262>[ECMA-262]
871:
872: <dd><a
873: href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm"><cite>ECMAScript
874: Language Specification, Third Edition.</cite></a> December 1999. URL: <a
875: href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm</a>
876: </dd>
877: <!---->
1.1 avankest 878: </dl>
1.54 lhunt 879: <!--end-informative-->
1.1 avankest 880:
1.11 avankest 881: <h2 class=no-num id=acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</h2>
1.1 avankest 882:
1.45 avankest 883: <p>The editors would like to thank to the following people who have
1.7 avankest 884: contributed to this specification (ordered on first name):
885:
1.84 lhunt 886: <p>Adam van den Hoven, Alan Gresley, Alex Russell, Björn Höhrmann, Boris
887: Zbarsky, Cameron McCormack, Charles McCathieNevile, Chris Wilson,
888: Christophe Jolif, Daniel Glazman, Daniel Schierbeck, Dave Massy, David
889: "liorean" Andersson, David Håsäther, Dean Jackson, Doug Schepers, Erik
1.104 lhunt 890: Dahlström, Francois Remy, Hallvord R. M. Steen, Ian Hickson, Ivan
891: Enderlin, Jean-Yves Bitterlich, Jim Ley, João Eiras, John Resig, Jon
892: Ferraiolo, Jonas Sicking, Jorgen Horstink, Karl Dubost, Kartikaya Gupta,
893: L. David Baron, Maciej Stachowiak, Magnus Kristiansen, Martijn, Masataka
894: Yakura, Mihai Sucan, Mohamed Zergaoui, Nicholas C. Zakas, Nicolas Mendoza,
895: Philip Taylor, Robert Sayre, Robin Berjon, Sander, Sergey Ilinsky, Simon
896: Pieters, Steven Pemberton, Tarquin Wilton-Jones, Travis Leithead, and
897: William J. Edney
1.1 avankest 898:
899: <p>Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this specification by
1.96 lhunt 900: sending suggestions and corrections.
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