Annotation of 2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html, revision 1.128
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1.102 lhunt 6: <title>Selectors API Level 1</title>
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1.119 lhunt 14: <meta content="Anne van Kesteren" name=dcterms.creator>
15: <meta content="Lachlan Hunt" name=dcterms.creator>
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1.1 avankest 40:
1.102 lhunt 41: <h1 id=title>Selectors API Level 1</h1>
1.119 lhunt 42:
1.126 lhunt 43: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=W3C-doctype>W3C Recommendation 21 February
44: 2013</h2>
1.1 avankest 45:
46: <dl>
1.5 avankest 47: <dt>This Version:
1.1 avankest 48:
1.11 avankest 49: <dd><a
1.126 lhunt 50: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-selectors-api-20130221/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/REC-selectors-api-20130221/</a>
1.1 avankest 51:
1.5 avankest 52: <dt>Latest Version:
1.1 avankest 53:
54: <dd><a
55: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>
56:
1.12 avankest 57: <dt>Previous Versions:
58:
59: <dd><a
1.126 lhunt 60: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/PR-selectors-api-20121213/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/PR-selectors-api-20121213/</a>
61:
62: <dd><a
1.125 lhunt 63: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-selectors-api-20120628/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-selectors-api-20120628/</a>
64:
65: <dd><a
1.112 lhunt 66: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-selectors-api-20091222/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-selectors-api-20091222/</a>
67:
68: <dd><a
1.102 lhunt 69: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-selectors-api-20081114/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/WD-selectors-api-20081114/</a>
70:
71: <dd><a
1.44 lhunt 72: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071221/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071221/</a>
73:
74: <dd><a
1.31 lhunt 75: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071019/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-selectors-api-20071019/</a>
1.29 lhunt 76:
77: <dd><a
1.12 avankest 78: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060926/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060926/</a>
1.1 avankest 79:
80: <dd><a
81: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060525/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-selectors-api-20060525/</a>
82:
1.20 lhunt 83: <dt>Editors:
84:
1.46 lhunt 85: <dd><a href="http://annevankesteren.nl/">Anne van Kesteren</a> (<a
86: href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>) <<a
87: href="mailto:annevk@opera.com">annevk@opera.com</a>>
88:
1.29 lhunt 89: <dd><a href="http://lachy.id.au/">Lachlan Hunt</a> (<a
90: href="http://www.opera.com/">Opera Software ASA</a>) <<a
1.20 lhunt 91: href="mailto:lachlan.hunt@lachy.id.au">lachlan.hunt@lachy.id.au</a>>
1.1 avankest 92: </dl>
93:
1.126 lhunt 94: <p>Please refer to the <a
1.128 ! lhunt 95: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/errata/errata-l1.html"><strong>errata</strong></a>
! 96: for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
1.126 lhunt 97:
98: <p>See also <a
99: href="http://www.w3.org/2003/03/Translations/byTechnology?technology=selectors-api"><strong>translations</strong></a>.
100:
1.11 avankest 101: <p class=copyright><a
1.1 avankest 102: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a>
1.126 lhunt 103: © 2006-2013 <a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym
1.106 lhunt 104: title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup> (<a
105: href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym
106: title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a
107: href="http://www.ercim.eu/"><acronym
108: title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>,
1.126 lhunt 109: <a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>, <a
110: href="http://ev.buaa.edu.cn/">Beihang</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
1.31 lhunt 111: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
112: <a
113: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
114: and <a
115: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
1.119 lhunt 116: use</a> rules apply.
1.33 lhunt 117: </div>
1.1 avankest 118:
119: <hr>
120:
1.11 avankest 121: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=abstract>Abstract</h2>
1.1 avankest 122:
1.23 lhunt 123: <p>Selectors, which are widely used in CSS, are patterns that match against
1.54 lhunt 124: elements in a tree structure <a href="#SELECT"
125: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a><a href="#CSS21"
1.69 lhunt 126: rel=biblioentry>[CSS21]<!--{{CSS21}}--></a>. The Selectors API
1.108 lhunt 127: specification defines methods for retrieving <a
128: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes from the <abbr
129: title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> by matching against a group of
130: selectors. It is often desirable to perform DOM operations on a specific
131: set of elements in a document. These methods simplify the process of
132: acquiring specific elements, especially compared with the more verbose
133: techniques defined and used in the past.
1.1 avankest 134:
1.11 avankest 135: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=sotd>Status of this Document</h2>
1.1 avankest 136:
137: <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of
138: its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of
139: current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report
140: can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
141: index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em>
142:
1.125 lhunt 143: <p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/">Web Applications (WebApps)
144: Working Group</a> has developed a comprehensive <a
1.112 lhunt 145: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api-testsuite/">Selectors
1.125 lhunt 146: API test suite</a> and has demonstrated interoperability of the features
147: among implementations. Please see the Working Group's <a
148: href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api-testsuite/level1-baseline-report.html"
149: title="Selectors API Implementation Report: Baseline Tests">implementation
150: report</a>.
151:
1.126 lhunt 152: <p>Please send comments about this document to <a
153: href="mailto:public-webapps@w3.org">public-webapps@w3.org</a> (<a
154: href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapps/">public
155: archive</a>) with <kbd>[selectors-api]</kbd> in the subject. (Please note
156: that a different list was used until mid 2008, so some old messages are <a
157: href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webapi/">archived there
158: instead</a>).
1.1 avankest 159:
1.29 lhunt 160: <p>This document was developed by the <a
1.57 lhunt 161: href="http://www.w3.org/2008/webapps/">Web Applications Working Group</a>.
1.125 lhunt 162: A complete <a
163: href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/2006/webapi/selectors-api/">list of
164: changes</a> to this document is available.
165:
1.126 lhunt 166: <p>This document has been reviewed by W3C Members, by software developers,
167: and by other W3C groups and interested parties, and is endorsed by the
168: Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document and may be used
169: as reference material or cited from another document. W3C's role in making
170: the Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and to
171: promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the functionality and
172: interoperability of the Web.
1.1 avankest 173:
174: <p>This document was produced by a group operating under the <a
175: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/">5 February
176: 2004 W3C Patent Policy</a>. W3C maintains a <a
1.77 lhunt 177: href="http://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/42538/status"
1.11 avankest 178: rel=disclosure>public list of any patent disclosures</a> made in
1.1 avankest 179: connection with the deliverables of the group; that page also includes
180: instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
181: knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains <a
182: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#def-essential">Essential
1.31 lhunt 183: Claim(s)</a> must disclose the information in accordance with <a
1.1 avankest 184: href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20040205/#sec-Disclosure">section
185: 6 of the W3C Patent Policy</a>.
186:
1.11 avankest 187: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id=toc>Table of Contents</h2>
1.1 avankest 188: <!--begin-toc-->
189:
1.11 avankest 190: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 191: <li><a href="#introduction"><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</a>
1.11 avankest 192: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 193: <li><a href="#examples"><span class=secno>1.1. </span>Examples</a>
1.49 lhunt 194: </ul>
1.1 avankest 195:
1.102 lhunt 196: <li><a href="#conformance"><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance
1.49 lhunt 197: Requirements</a>
198: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 199: <li><a href="#terminology"><span class=secno>2.1. </span>Terminology and
1.49 lhunt 200: Conventions</a>
201: </ul>
1.1 avankest 202:
1.102 lhunt 203: <li><a href="#interoperability"><span class=secno>3.
1.49 lhunt 204: </span>Interoperability Considerations</a>
205: <ul class=toc>
1.102 lhunt 206: <li><a href="#extensibility"><span class=secno>3.1.
1.49 lhunt 207: </span>Extensibility</a>
208: </ul>
209:
1.102 lhunt 210: <li><a href="#security"><span class=secno>4. </span>Security
1.49 lhunt 211: Considerations</a>
1.21 lhunt 212:
1.102 lhunt 213: <li><a href="#privacy"><span class=secno>5. </span>Privacy Considerations
1.49 lhunt 214: </a>
1.1 avankest 215:
1.102 lhunt 216: <li><a href="#the-apis"><span class=secno>6. </span>The APIs</a>
1.16 avankest 217: <ul class=toc>
1.108 lhunt 218: <li><a href="#interface-definitions"><span class=secno>6.1.
219: </span>Interface Definitions</a>
1.99 lhunt 220:
1.108 lhunt 221: <li><a href="#findelements"><span class=secno>6.2. </span>Finding
222: Elements</a>
223:
224: <li><a href="#grammar"><span class=secno>6.3. </span>Grammar</a>
225:
226: <li><a href="#processing-selectors"><span class=secno>6.4.
1.99 lhunt 227: </span>Processing Selectors</a>
228:
1.108 lhunt 229: <li><a href="#resolving-namespaces"><span class=secno>6.5.
1.87 lhunt 230: </span>Resolving Namespaces</a>
1.51 lhunt 231: </ul>
1.50 lhunt 232:
1.119 lhunt 233: <li><a href="#examples0"><span class=secno>7. </span>Examples</a>
1.64 lhunt 234:
1.11 avankest 235: <li class=no-num><a href="#references">References</a>
1.54 lhunt 236: <ul class=toc>
237: <li class=no-num><a href="#normative-references">Normative
238: references</a>
239:
1.84 lhunt 240: <li class=no-num><a href="#informative-references">Informative
241: references</a>
1.54 lhunt 242: </ul>
1.1 avankest 243:
1.11 avankest 244: <li class=no-num><a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
1.1 avankest 245: </ul>
246: <!--end-toc-->
247:
1.102 lhunt 248: <h2 id=introduction><span class=secno>1. </span>Introduction</h2>
1.1 avankest 249:
250: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
251:
1.108 lhunt 252: <p>This specification provides methods for selecting and testing elements
1.115 lhunt 253: based on whether or not they match a given selector. With these methods,
254: it is easier to match a set of <a href="#element"><code>Element</code></a>
255: nodes based on specific criteria, than having to subsequently filter the
256: result of calling other methods like <code>getElementsByTagName()</code>.
1.10 avankest 257:
1.102 lhunt 258: <h3 id=examples><span class=secno>1.1. </span>Examples</h3>
1.1 avankest 259:
260: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
261:
1.121 lhunt 262: <p>Some ECMAScript <a href="#ECMA-262-5.1"
263: rel=biblioentry>[ECMA-262-5.1]<!--{{ECMA-262-5.1}}--></a> examples:
1.1 avankest 264:
1.14 avankest 265: <div class=example>
1.119 lhunt 266: <p>This is an example table written in HTML 4.01.
1.22 lhunt 267:
1.20 lhunt 268: <pre><table id="score">
269: <thead>
270: <tr>
271: <th>Test
272: <th>Result
273: <tfoot>
274: <tr>
275: <th>Average
276: <td>82%
277: <tbody>
278: <tr>
279: <td>A
280: <td>87%
281: <tr>
282: <td>B
283: <td>78%
284: <tr>
285: <td>C
286: <td>81%
287: </table></pre>
288:
289: <p>In order to obtain the cells containing the results in the table, which
290: might be done, for example, to plot the values on a graph, there are at
291: least two approaches that may be taken. Using only the APIs from DOM
292: Level 2, it requires a script like the following that iterates through
293: each <code>tr</code> within each <code>tbody</code> in the
1.119 lhunt 294: <code>table</code> to find the second cell of each row.
1.20 lhunt 295:
296: <pre>var table = document.getElementById("score");
1.23 lhunt 297: var groups = table.tBodies;
298: var rows = null;
1.24 lhunt 299: var cells = [];
1.20 lhunt 300:
1.23 lhunt 301: for (var i = 0; i < groups.length; i++) {
302: rows = groups[i].rows;
303: for (var j = 0; j < rows.length; j++) {
304: cells.push(rows[j].cells[1]);
1.20 lhunt 305: }
1.36 lhunt 306: }</pre>
1.20 lhunt 307:
1.46 lhunt 308: <p>Alternatively, using the <code
309: title=document-selectallelements>querySelectorAll()</code> method, that
1.119 lhunt 310: script becomes much more concise.
1.20 lhunt 311:
1.36 lhunt 312: <pre>var cells = document.querySelectorAll("#score>tbody>tr>td:nth-of-type(2)");</pre>
1.41 lhunt 313:
1.84 lhunt 314: <p>Note that the script operates on the DOM and works independently from
315: the syntax used to create the document. Thus this script will also work
316: correctly for an equivalent table created from well-formed XHTML instead
317: of HTML, or dynamically created and inserted into a document using DOM
1.119 lhunt 318: APIs.
1.20 lhunt 319: </div>
320:
1.102 lhunt 321: <h2 id=conformance><span class=secno>2. </span>Conformance Requirements</h2>
1.1 avankest 322:
1.21 lhunt 323: <p>All diagrams, examples and notes in this specification are
1.20 lhunt 324: non-normative, as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative.
325: Everything else in this specification is normative.
1.1 avankest 326:
1.73 lhunt 327: <p>The key words <em class=ct>must</em>, <em class=ct>must not</em>, <em
328: class=ct>should</em>, <em class=ct>may</em> and <em
329: class=ct>recommended</em> in the normative parts of this document are to
330: be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 <a href="#RFC2119"
1.54 lhunt 331: rel=biblioentry>[RFC2119]<!--{{!RFC2119}}--></a>.
1.1 avankest 332:
1.11 avankest 333: <p>The following conformance classes are defined (and considered) by this
334: specification:
1.1 avankest 335:
336: <dl>
1.87 lhunt 337: <dt><dfn id=conforming-user-agent>conforming user agent</dfn>
1.1 avankest 338:
1.108 lhunt 339: <dd>A user agent that implements the interfaces described in this
340: specification and conforms to all <em class=ct>must</em>-level criteria
341: that apply to implementations.
1.22 lhunt 342:
1.87 lhunt 343: <dt><dfn id=conforming-application>conforming application</dfn>
1.22 lhunt 344:
345: <dd>An application that uses the interfaces defined in this specification
1.36 lhunt 346: and conforms to all <em class=ct>must</em>-level criteria that apply to
347: applications.
1.1 avankest 348: </dl>
349:
1.102 lhunt 350: <h3 id=terminology><span class=secno>2.1. </span>Terminology and
351: Conventions</h3>
1.16 avankest 352:
1.54 lhunt 353: <p>The terminology used in this specification is that from Selectors <a
354: href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>.
1.16 avankest 355:
1.108 lhunt 356: <p>The following features are defined in the DOM Level 3 Core specification
357: <a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
358: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>:
359:
360: <ul>
361: <li><dfn id=document title=dom-document><code>Document</code></dfn>
362: interface.
363:
364: <li><dfn id=documentfragment><code>DocumentFragment</code></dfn>
365: interface.
366:
367: <li><dfn id=element><code>Element</code></dfn> interface.
368:
369: <li><dfn id=nodelist><code>NodeList</code></dfn> interface.
370: </ul>
371:
1.73 lhunt 372: <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps <em
373: class=ct>may</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end result
374: is equivalent.
1.16 avankest 375:
1.90 lhunt 376: <p>The IDL used in this specification uses the syntax defined in Web IDL <a
1.120 lhunt 377: href="#DOM-BINDINGS"
378: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-BINDINGS]<!--{{!DOM-BINDINGS}}--></a>.
1.90 lhunt 379:
1.23 lhunt 380: <p>The construction "<code>Foo</code> object", where <code>Foo</code> is
381: actually an interface, is sometimes used instead of the more accurate
1.24 lhunt 382: "object implementing the <code>Foo</code> interface".
1.23 lhunt 383:
1.102 lhunt 384: <h2 id=interoperability><span class=secno>3. </span>Interoperability
1.49 lhunt 385: Considerations</h2>
1.16 avankest 386:
1.23 lhunt 387: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
388:
1.65 lhunt 389: <p>Some implementations might have different levels of support for
390: Selectors. If some implementations lack support for some selectors, then
1.87 lhunt 391: the use of such selectors will result in those implementations failing to
392: return the expected results. Authors are advised to check for the DOM
393: Exceptions thrown by these APIs and provide a fallback for graceful
394: degradation.
1.19 avankest 395:
1.102 lhunt 396: <h3 id=extensibility><span class=secno>3.1. </span>Extensibility</h3>
1.5 avankest 397:
398: <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em>
399:
400: <p>Extensions of the APIs defined in this specification are <em>strongly
1.36 lhunt 401: discouraged</em>. Implementors, Working Groups and other interested
402: parties should discuss extensions on a relevant public forum, such as <a
1.57 lhunt 403: href="mailto:public-webapps@w3.org">public-webapps@w3.org</a>.
1.5 avankest 404:
1.102 lhunt 405: <h2 id=security><span class=secno>4. </span>Security Considerations</h2>
1.11 avankest 406:
407: <p>It is expected that implementing this specification introduces no new
1.21 lhunt 408: security risks for users.
409:
1.62 lhunt 410: <p>If, at any time, the implementation detects a situation which would
1.73 lhunt 411: violate security policies, the implementation <em class=ct>may</em> abort
412: and raise a security exception. If any other error condition occurs which
413: is not covered directly by this or any other relevant specification, the
414: implementation <em class=ct>may</em> abort and raise an appropriate,
1.62 lhunt 415: language-binding-specific or implementation-specific exception.
416:
1.102 lhunt 417: <h2 id=privacy><span class=secno>5. </span>Privacy Considerations</h2>
1.11 avankest 418:
1.20 lhunt 419: <p>History theft is a potential privacy issue because the
1.54 lhunt 420: <code>:visited</code> pseudo-class in Selectors <a href="#SELECT"
421: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a> allows authors to query
422: which links have been visited.
1.20 lhunt 423:
424: <p class=note>This is not a new problem, as it can already be exploited
425: using existing CSS and DOM APIs, such as <code>getComputedStyle()</code>
1.54 lhunt 426: <a href="#DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE"
427: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE]<!--{{DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE}}--></a>.
1.20 lhunt 428:
429: <div class=example>
1.36 lhunt 430: <p>In this example, <var>vlinks</var> will acquire a list of links that
431: the user has visited. The author can then obtain the URIs and potentially
1.119 lhunt 432: exploit this knowledge.
1.20 lhunt 433:
1.27 lhunt 434: <pre>var vlinks = document.querySelectorAll(":visited");
1.20 lhunt 435: for (var i = 0; i < vlinks.length; i++) {
436: doSomethingEvil(vlinks[i].href);
437: }</pre>
438: </div>
439:
440: <p>As <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#link">defined in
1.54 lhunt 441: <cite>Selectors</cite></a> (<a href="#SELECT"
442: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>, section 6.6.1), user
443: agents <em class=ct>may</em> treat all links as unvisited links. It is <em
1.47 lhunt 444: class=ct>recommended</em> that implementations behave consistently with
445: other uses of Selectors supported by the user agent.
1.11 avankest 446:
1.102 lhunt 447: <h2 id=the-apis><span class=secno>6. </span>The APIs</h2>
1.36 lhunt 448:
449: <p>The term <dfn id=first>first</dfn> used in the definitions of the
1.99 lhunt 450: methods defined in this specification means <em>first in document
451: order</em>. The term <dfn id=document-order>document order</dfn> means a
452: depth-first pre-order traversal of the DOM tree or subtree in question.
453: The term <dfn id=context-node>context node</dfn> refers to the node upon
1.108 lhunt 454: which the method was invoked. The term <dfn id=subtrees>subtrees</dfn>
455: refers to the collection of elements that are descendants of the <a
456: href="#context-node">context node</a>. The term <dfn
1.99 lhunt 457: id=matching-element-node>matching <code>Element</code> node</dfn> refers
1.108 lhunt 458: to an <a href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> node that matches the <a
459: href="#selector-string">selector string</a> (<var>selectors</var>) that
460: was passed to the method, according to the rules for matching elements
461: defined in Selectors <a href="#SELECT"
1.102 lhunt 462: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>.
1.65 lhunt 463:
1.108 lhunt 464: <h3 id=interface-definitions><span class=secno>6.1. </span>Interface
465: Definitions</h3>
1.99 lhunt 466:
1.108 lhunt 467: <pre class=idl>partial interface <a href="#document"
468: title=dom-document>Document</a> {
1.110 lhunt 469: Element? <a href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 470: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
471: NodeList <a
472: href="#queryselectorall"
473: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
474: };
475:
476: partial interface <a
477: href="#documentfragment">DocumentFragment</a> {
1.110 lhunt 478: Element? <a
1.106 lhunt 479: href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 480: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
481: NodeList <a
482: href="#queryselectorall"
483: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
484: };
485:
486: partial interface <a
487: href="#element">Element</a> {
1.110 lhunt 488: Element? <a href="#queryselector"
1.108 lhunt 489: title=queryselector>querySelector</a>(DOMString selectors);
490: NodeList <a
1.106 lhunt 491: href="#queryselectorall"
1.108 lhunt 492: title=queryselectorall>querySelectorAll</a>(DOMString selectors);
493: };
494: </pre>
495:
496: <h3 id=findelements><span class=secno>6.2. </span>Finding Elements</h3>
497:
498: <p>The <var>selectors</var> argument for the <a
499: href="#queryselector"><code>querySelector</code></a> and <a
500: href="#queryselectorall"><code>querySelectorAll</code></a> methods accepts
501: a <a href="#selector-string">selector string</a>.
1.99 lhunt 502:
1.53 lhunt 503: <p>The <dfn id=queryselector
1.108 lhunt 504: title=queryselector><code>querySelector()</code></dfn> methods on the <a
505: href="#document"><code title=dom-document>Document</code></a>, <a
506: href="#documentfragment"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a>, and <a
507: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> interfaces <em class=ct>must</em>
508: return the <a href="#first">first</a> matching <a
509: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> node within the <a
510: href="#subtrees">subtrees</a> of the <a href="#context-node">context
511: node</a>. If there is no matching <a
512: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a>, the method <em
513: class=ct>must</em> return <code>null</code>.
1.1 avankest 514:
1.53 lhunt 515: <p>The <dfn id=queryselectorall
1.108 lhunt 516: title=queryselectorall><code>querySelectorAll()</code></dfn> methods on
517: the <a href="#document"><code title=dom-document>Document</code></a>, <a
518: href="#documentfragment"><code>DocumentFragment</code></a>, and <a
519: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> interfaces <em class=ct>must</em>
520: return a <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> containing all of
521: the matching <a href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes within the
522: <a href="#subtrees">subtrees</a> of the <a href="#context-node">context
523: node</a>, in <a href="#document-order">document order</a>. If there are no
524: matching nodes, the method <em class=ct>must</em> return an empty <a
525: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>.
1.99 lhunt 526:
1.122 lhunt 527: <p>When either <a href="#queryselector"><code>querySelector</code></a> or
528: <a href="#queryselectorall"><code>querySelectorAll</code></a> are invoked,
529: the implementation <em class=ct>must</em> follow these steps:
1.114 lhunt 530:
531: <ol>
532: <li>
533: <p>Let <var>parsed selector</var> be the result of running the algorithm
534: to <a href="#parse-a-selector">parse a selector</a> with
1.118 lhunt 535: <var>selectors</var> as the input.
1.114 lhunt 536:
537: <li>
538: <p>The implementation must then run the algorithm to <a
539: href="#evaluate-a-selector">evaluate a selector</a> against element
540: nodes in the specified <span title=concept-tree>tree</span> or <a
541: href="#subtrees">subtrees</a> using <var>parsed selector</var> as the
542: selector to return the required result for the invoked method.
543: </ol>
544:
1.108 lhunt 545: <p>The <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> object returned by the
1.119 lhunt 546: <code>querySelectorAll()</code> method <em class=ct>must</em> be static,
547: not <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#td-live"
1.99 lhunt 548: title="Document Object Model Core">live</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
549: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
550: section 1.1.1). Subsequent changes to the structure of the underlying
1.108 lhunt 551: document <em class=ct>must not</em> be reflected in the <a
552: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> object. This means that the
553: object will instead contain a list of matching <a
554: href="#element"><code>Element</code></a> nodes that were in the document
555: at the time the list was created.
1.99 lhunt 556:
1.108 lhunt 557: <h3 id=grammar><span class=secno>6.3. </span>Grammar</h3>
1.99 lhunt 558:
1.108 lhunt 559: <p>A <dfn id=selector-string>selector string</dfn> is a list of one or more
560: <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors4/#complex">group of
1.99 lhunt 561: selectors</a> (<a href="#SELECT"
1.108 lhunt 562: rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>, section 5) that <em
563: class=ct>may</em> be surrounded by whitespace and matches the
564: <code>dom_selectors_group</code> production.
565:
566: <pre>
567: dom_selectors_group
568: : S* [ selectors_group ] S*
569: ;
1.114 lhunt 570: </pre>
1.108 lhunt 571:
572: <p>The productions for <code>selectors_group</code> is defined in Selectors
573: Level 3 (<a href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>,
574: section 10.1). These groups of selectors <em class=ct>should not</em> use
575: <a href="#namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved"
1.87 lhunt 576: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefixes that need to be resolved</a>.
1.36 lhunt 577:
1.96 lhunt 578: <p class=note>Implementers are advised that if <code>null</code> or
579: <code>undefined</code> are passed as the value of the <var>selectors</var>
1.120 lhunt 580: parameter, they are to be handled as defined in WebIDL <a
581: href="#DOM-BINDINGS"
582: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-BINDINGS]<!--{{!DOM-BINDINGS}}--></a>. Authors are
583: advised to avoid passing these values.
1.96 lhunt 584:
1.36 lhunt 585: <p class=note>Authors are advised that while the use of pseudo-elements in
586: selectors is permitted, they will not match any elements in the document,
587: and thus would not result in any elements being returned. Therefore,
1.73 lhunt 588: authors are advised to avoid the use of pseudo-elements in selectors that
589: are passed to the methods defined in this specification.
1.36 lhunt 590:
1.108 lhunt 591: <h3 id=processing-selectors><span class=secno>6.4. </span>Processing
592: Selectors</h3>
593:
594: <p>The steps to <dfn id=parse-a-selector>parse a selector</dfn> are as
595: follows:
596:
597: <ol>
598: <li>
599: <p>Let <var>selectors</var> be the <a href="#selector-string">selector
600: string</a> input to this algorithm.
601:
602: <li>
1.122 lhunt 603: <p>Let <var>result</var> be the group of selectors returned as a result
604: of parsing the <var>selectors</var> according to the grammar for
605: <code>dom_selectors_group</code> defined above.
1.108 lhunt 606:
607: <li>
1.122 lhunt 608: <p>If <var>result</var> is <a
1.123 lhunt 609: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#Conformance">invalid</a> (<a
610: href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>, section
611: 12), <a
612: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMException-SYNTAX_ERR">raisea
1.108 lhunt 613: a <code>SYNTAX_ERR</code> exception</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
614: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
1.119 lhunt 615: section 1.4) and abort this algorithm.
1.108 lhunt 616:
617: <li>Return <var>result</var>.
618: </ol>
619:
620: <p>The steps to <dfn id=evaluate-a-selector>evaluate a selector</dfn> are
621: as follows:
622:
623: <ol>
624: <li>
625: <p>Let <var title="">element</var> be the element being evaluated.
626:
627: <li>
628: <p>Let <var>selector group</var> be the selector input into this
629: algotihm.
630:
631: <li>
632: <p>If any selector in <var>selector group</var> matches <var
633: title="">element</var>, return true. Otherwise, return false.
634: </ol>
635:
636: <p>Selectors are evaluated against a given element in the context of the
637: entire DOM tree in which the element is located.
1.20 lhunt 638:
1.50 lhunt 639: <p>If the user agent also supports some level of CSS, the implementation
640: <em class=ct>should</em> support the same set of selectors in both these
641: APIs and CSS.
1.1 avankest 642:
1.108 lhunt 643: <h3 id=resolving-namespaces><span class=secno>6.5. </span>Resolving
1.87 lhunt 644: Namespaces</h3>
1.50 lhunt 645:
1.87 lhunt 646: <p>If the group of selectors include <a
647: href="#namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved"
1.65 lhunt 648: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefixes that need to be resolved</a>, the
1.73 lhunt 649: implementation <em class=ct>must</em> <a
1.109 lhunt 650: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMException-SYNTAX_ERR">raise
651: a <code>SYNTAX_ERR</code> exception</a> (<a href="#DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE"
1.54 lhunt 652: rel=biblioentry>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]<!--{{!DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE}}--></a>,
653: section 1.4).
1.50 lhunt 654:
1.86 lhunt 655: <p class=note>This specification does not provide support for resolving
656: arbitrary namespace prefixes. However, support for a namespace prefix
657: resolution mechanism may be considered for inclusion in a future version
658: of this specification.
659:
1.87 lhunt 660: <p>A <dfn id=namespace-prefix-needs-to-be-resolved
661: title=need-to-resolve>namespace prefix needs to be resolved</dfn> if the
662: namespace component is neither empty (e.g. <code>|div</code>),
663: representing the null namespace, or an asterisk (e.g. <code>*|div</code>),
664: representing any namespace. Since the asterisk or empty namespace prefix
665: do not need to be resolved, implementations that support the namespace
666: syntax in Selectors <em class=ct>must</em> support these. <a
667: href="#SELECT" rel=biblioentry>[SELECT]<!--{{!SELECT}}--></a>
1.60 lhunt 668:
1.119 lhunt 669: <h2 id=examples0><span class=secno>7. </span>Examples</h2>
1.64 lhunt 670:
1.22 lhunt 671: <div class=example>
1.119 lhunt 672: <p>The following examples make use of this sample XHTML document.
1.20 lhunt 673:
1.72 lhunt 674: <pre><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
1.22 lhunt 675: <head>
676: <title>Selectors API Example</title>
677: </head>
678: <body>
1.72 lhunt 679: <div id="foo">
680: <p class="warning">This is a sample warning</p>
681: <p class="error">This is a sample error</p>
682: </div>
683: <div id="bar">
684: <p>...</p>
685: </div>
1.22 lhunt 686: </body>
1.36 lhunt 687: </html></pre>
1.20 lhunt 688:
1.65 lhunt 689: <p>The methods accept a group of selectors (comma separated) as the
690: argument. The following example would select all <code>p</code> elements
691: in the document that have a class of either "<code>error</code>" or
1.119 lhunt 692: "<code>warning</code>".
1.65 lhunt 693:
694: <pre>var alerts = document.querySelectorAll("p.warning, p.error");</pre>
1.21 lhunt 695:
1.65 lhunt 696: <p>The <code title=document-selectelement>querySelector()</code> methods
697: also accept a group of selectors and they will return the first element
1.119 lhunt 698: (if any) that matches any of the selectors in the group.
1.65 lhunt 699:
700: <pre>var x = document.querySelector("#foo, #bar");</pre>
701:
702: <p><var>x</var> would contain the first element in the document with an ID
1.94 lhunt 703: of either <code>foo</code> or <code>bar</code>, or <code>null</code> if
704: there is no such element. In the sample document above, it would select
705: the <code>div</code> element with the ID of <code>foo</code> because it
1.114 lhunt 706: is first in <a href="#document-order">document order</a>. The order of
707: the selectors used in the parameter has no effect and would have the same
1.119 lhunt 708: result if the order were reversed, as in:
1.81 lhunt 709:
710: <pre>var x = document.querySelector("#bar, #foo");</pre>
711:
712: <p>The methods can also be invoked on elements. In the following example,
713: assume the event handler is registered on an element, and thus the method
1.119 lhunt 714: is invoked on the target element of the event.
1.22 lhunt 715:
1.65 lhunt 716: <pre>function handle(evt) {
717: var x = evt.target.querySelector("span");
718: ...
719: // Do something with x
1.21 lhunt 720: }</pre>
1.14 avankest 721:
1.74 lhunt 722: <p>Even though the method is invoked on an element, selectors are still
723: evaluated in the context of the entire document. In the following
724: example, the method will still match the <code>div</code> element's child
725: <code>p</code> element, even though the <code>body</code> element is not
1.119 lhunt 726: a descendant of the <code>div</code> element itself.
1.74 lhunt 727:
728: <pre>var div = document.getElementById("bar");
1.80 lhunt 729: var p = div.querySelector("body p");</pre>
1.74 lhunt 730:
1.119 lhunt 731: <p>Given this sample fragment that contains a list as a navigation menu:
1.72 lhunt 732:
733: <pre><ul class="nav">
734: <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
735: <li><a href="/products">Products</a></li>
736: <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
737: </ul></pre>
738:
739: <p>The following example selects all the <code>li</code> elements and
1.108 lhunt 740: demonstrates how to iterate through the collection in a <a
1.119 lhunt 741: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>.
1.21 lhunt 742:
1.41 lhunt 743: <pre>var lis = document.querySelectorAll("ul.nav>li");
1.24 lhunt 744: for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
1.21 lhunt 745: process(lis.item(i));
746: }</pre>
747:
1.108 lhunt 748: <p>In ECMAScript, the language binding also allows <a
749: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>s to be addressed using the
1.119 lhunt 750: array notation, so that loop could be rewritten like this:
1.21 lhunt 751:
1.24 lhunt 752: <pre>for (var i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) {
1.21 lhunt 753: process(lis[i]);
754: }</pre>
755:
1.108 lhunt 756: <p>Since the <a href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a> objects
757: returned by these methods are not live, changes to the DOM do not affect
758: the content of the list. Consider the <code>process()</code> function
1.119 lhunt 759: called in the previous examples is defined as follows:
1.21 lhunt 760:
1.36 lhunt 761: <pre>function process(elmt) {
1.21 lhunt 762: elmt.parentNode.removeChild(elmt);
763: }</pre>
764:
765: <p>This would cause each selected element to be removed from the DOM, but
1.108 lhunt 766: each element will remain in the <a
767: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>. If the list were a live <a
768: href="#nodelist"><code>NodeList</code></a>, removing an item from the DOM
769: would also remove the element from the list and adjust the indexes of
770: subsequent elements. That would have adverse effects upon the loop
1.119 lhunt 771: because not all selected elements would be processed.
1.87 lhunt 772:
773: <p>In documents comprising elements from multiple namespaces, it's
774: possible that some elements from different namespaces share the same
775: local name. Since this API does not natively support a namespace
776: resolution mechanism for selectors, obtaining a list of such elements
1.94 lhunt 777: from a specific namespace, excluding all others, requires additional
1.87 lhunt 778: processing to filter the result. The following example illustrates a
779: document containing <code>video</code> elements from both the SVG and
1.119 lhunt 780: XHTML namespaces.
1.87 lhunt 781:
782: <pre><svg id="svg1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
783: xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
784: <video id="svgvideo1" xlink:href="myvideo.ogg" width="320" height="240"/>
785: <foreignObject width="100" height="100">
786: <video id="htmlvideo1" src="myvideo.ogg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">No video1</video>
787: </foreignObject>
788: </svg></pre>
789:
790: <p>The following script demonstrates how to first select the
791: <code>video</code> elements and then filter out the unwanted elements
1.119 lhunt 792: based on their namespace.
1.87 lhunt 793:
1.106 lhunt 794: <pre>var elms = document.querySelectorAll("svg video");
1.87 lhunt 795: var result = new Array();
796: var svgns = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
797:
1.122 lhunt 798: for(var i = 0; i < elms.length; i++) {
1.107 lhunt 799: if(elms[i].namespaceURI == svgns) {
1.87 lhunt 800: result.push(elms[i]);
801: }
802: }</pre>
1.21 lhunt 803: </div>
804:
1.11 avankest 805: <h2 class=no-num id=references>References</h2>
1.1 avankest 806:
1.54 lhunt 807: <h3 class=no-num id=normative-references>Normative references</h3>
808: <!--begin-normative-->
809: <!-- Sorted by label -->
810:
811: <dl class=bibliography>
812: <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
813: <!---->
814:
1.120 lhunt 815: <dt id=DOM-BINDINGS>[DOM-BINDINGS]
816:
817: <dd>Cameron McCormack. <a
818: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/"><cite>Web
819: IDL.</cite></a> 19 April 2012. W3C Candidate Recommendation. (Work in
820: progress.) URL: <a
821: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/CR-WebIDL-20120419/</a>
822: </dd>
823: <!---->
824:
1.54 lhunt 825: <dt id=DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE>[DOM-LEVEL-3-CORE]
826:
1.88 lhunt 827: <dd>Gavin Nicol; et al. <a
1.54 lhunt 828: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407"><cite>Document
829: Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Core Specification.</cite></a> 7 April 2004.
830: W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
831: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407">http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407</a>
1.119 lhunt 832: </dd>
1.54 lhunt 833: <!---->
834:
835: <dt id=RFC2119>[RFC2119]
836:
837: <dd>S. Bradner. <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt"><cite>Key
838: words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels.</cite></a> Internet
839: RFC 2119. URL: <a
840: href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt</a>
1.119 lhunt 841: </dd>
1.54 lhunt 842: <!---->
843:
844: <dt id=SELECT>[SELECT]
845:
1.108 lhunt 846: <dd>Tantek Çelik; et al. <a
1.107 lhunt 847: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/"><cite>Selectors
848: Level 3.</cite></a> 29 September 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
849: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/</a>
1.119 lhunt 850: </dd>
1.54 lhunt 851: <!---->
852: </dl>
853: <!--end-normative-->
1.1 avankest 854:
1.84 lhunt 855: <h3 class=no-num id=informative-references>Informative references</h3>
1.54 lhunt 856: <!--begin-informative-->
857: <!-- Sorted by label -->
858:
859: <dl class=bibliography>
860: <dt style="display: none"><!-- keeps the doc valid if the DL is empty -->
861: <!---->
862:
1.69 lhunt 863: <dt id=CSS21>[CSS21]
864:
865: <dd>Bert Bos; et al. <a
1.125 lhunt 866: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/"><cite>Cascading Style
1.108 lhunt 867: Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification.</cite></a> 7 June
1.106 lhunt 868: 2011. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
1.125 lhunt 869: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-CSS2-20110607/</a>
1.119 lhunt 870: </dd>
1.69 lhunt 871: <!---->
872:
1.54 lhunt 873: <dt id=DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE>[DOM-LEVEL-2-STYLE]
874:
1.108 lhunt 875: <dd>Chris Wilson; Philippe Le Hégaret; Vidur Apparao. <a
1.125 lhunt 876: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/"><cite>Document
1.54 lhunt 877: Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Style Specification.</cite></a> 13 November
878: 2000. W3C Recommendation. URL: <a
1.125 lhunt 879: href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Style-20001113/</a>
1.119 lhunt 880: </dd>
1.54 lhunt 881: <!---->
882:
1.121 lhunt 883: <dt id=ECMA-262-5.1>[ECMA-262-5.1]
1.54 lhunt 884:
885: <dd><a
886: href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm"><cite>ECMAScript
1.121 lhunt 887: Language Specification, Edition 5.1.</cite></a> June 2011. ISO/IEC
888: 16262:2011. URL: <a
1.54 lhunt 889: href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm">http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm</a>
1.119 lhunt 890: </dd>
1.54 lhunt 891: <!---->
1.1 avankest 892: </dl>
1.54 lhunt 893: <!--end-informative-->
1.1 avankest 894:
1.11 avankest 895: <h2 class=no-num id=acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</h2>
1.1 avankest 896:
1.45 avankest 897: <p>The editors would like to thank to the following people who have
1.7 avankest 898: contributed to this specification (ordered on first name):
899:
1.124 lhunt 900: <p>Adam van den Hoven, Alan Gresley, Alex Russell, Arthur Barstow, Aryeh
901: Gregor, Björn Höhrmann, Boris Zbarsky, Cameron McCormack, Charles
902: McCathieNevile, Chris Wilson, Christophe Jolif, Daniel Glazman, Daniel
903: Schierbeck, Dave Massy, David "liorean" Andersson, David Greenspan, David
904: Håsäther, Dean Jackson, Doug Schepers, Erik Dahlström, Francois Remy,
905: Hallvord R. M. Steen, Henri Sivonen, Ian Hickson, Ivan Enderlin, Jean-Yves
906: Bitterlich, Jim Ley, João Eiras, John Resig, Jon Ferraiolo, Jonas
907: Sicking, Jorgen Horstink, Kang-Hao (Kenny) Lu, Karl Dubost, Kartikaya
908: Gupta, L. David Baron, Maciej Stachowiak, Magnus Kristiansen, Marat
909: Tanalin, Martijn, Masataka Yakura, Mihai Sucan, Mohamed Zergaoui, Nicholas
910: C. Zakas, Nicolas Mendoza, Norbert Lindenberg, Philip Taylor, Robert
911: Sayre, Robin Berjon, Sander, Sergey Ilinsky, Simon Pieters, Steven
912: Pemberton, Stewart Brodie Tab Atkins Jr., Tarquin Wilton-Jones, Travis
913: Leithead, and William J. Edney
1.1 avankest 914:
1.126 lhunt 915: <p>Special thanks to John Resig and Øyvind Stenhaug for their significant
916: contributions to the testsuite.
917:
1.1 avankest 918: <p>Thanks to all those who have helped to improve this specification by
1.96 lhunt 919: sending suggestions and corrections.
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