Annotation of html5/spec/syntax.html, revision 1.478
1.2 mike 1: <!DOCTYPE HTML>
1.258 mike 2: <!-- when publishing, change bits marked ZZZ --><html lang="en-US-x-Hixie"><head><title>9 The HTML syntax — HTML 5</title><style type="text/css">
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1.235 mike 214: </style><link href="data:text/css," rel="stylesheet" title="Complete specification"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20display:%20none;%20%7D" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Author documentation only"><link href="data:text/css,.impl%20%7B%20background:%20%23FFEEEE;%20%7D" rel="alternate stylesheet" title="Highlight implementation requirements"><link href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-ED" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><!-- ZZZ ED vs WD -->
1.2 mike 215: <script src="link-fixup.js"></script>
216: <link href="comms.html" title="8 Communication" rel="prev">
217: <link href="spec.html#contents" title="Table of contents" rel="index">
1.1 mike 218: <link href="named-character-references.html" title="9.6 Named character references" rel="next">
1.16 mike 219: </head><body onload="fixBrokenLink(); fixBrokenLink()"><div class="head">
1.1 mike 220: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img alt="W3C" height="48" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home" width="72"></a></p>
1.183 mike 221: <h1>HTML5</h1>
1.1 mike 222: <h2 class="no-num no-toc" id="a-vocabulary-and-associated-apis-for-html-and-xhtml">A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML</h2>
1.123 mike 223: </div><nav>
1.1 mike 224: <a href="comms.html">← 8 Communication</a> –
1.2 mike 225: <a href="spec.html#contents">Table of contents</a> –
1.1 mike 226: <a href="named-character-references.html">9.6 Named character references →</a>
1.478 ! mike 227: </nav><p>This is revision 1.3256.</p>
1.11 mike 228:
1.1 mike 229:
1.123 mike 230: <h2 id="syntax"><span class="secno">9 </span><dfn>The HTML syntax</dfn></h2><p class="note">This section only describes the rules for
1.83 mike 231: <code><a href="iana-considerations.html#text-html">text/html</a></code> resources. Rules for XML resources are
1.1 mike 232: discussed in the section below entitled "<a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">The XHTML
1.159 mike 233: syntax</a>".</p><h3 id="writing"><span class="secno">9.1 </span>Writing HTML documents</h3><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Working draft</i></p><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 234:
235: <p><i>This section only applies to documents, authoring tools, and
236: markup generators. In particular, it does not apply to conformance
237: checkers; conformance checkers must use the requirements given in
238: the next section ("parsing HTML documents").</i></p>
239:
1.123 mike 240: </div><p>Documents must consist of the following parts, in the given
241: order:</p><ol><li>Optionally, a single U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK (BOM) character.</li>
1.1 mike 242:
243: <li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
244: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
245:
246: <li>A <a href="#syntax-doctype" title="syntax-doctype">DOCTYPE</a>.
247:
248: </li><li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
249: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
250:
1.159 mike 251: <li>The root element, in the form of an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">element</a>.</li>
1.1 mike 252:
253: <li>Any number of <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a> and
254: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
255:
256: </ol><p>The various types of content mentioned above are described in the
1.123 mike 257: next few sections.</p><p>In addition, there are some restrictions on how <a href="semantics.html#character-encoding-declaration" title="character encoding declaration">character encoding
1.1 mike 258: declarations</a> are to be serialized, as discussed in the
1.123 mike 259: section on that topic.</p><div class="note">
1.1 mike 260:
1.159 mike 261: <p>Space characters before the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, and
262: space characters at the start of the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element and
263: before the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element, will be dropped when the
1.1 mike 264: document is parsed; space characters <em>after</em> the root
1.159 mike 265: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element will be parsed as if they were at the end
266: of the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element. Thus, space characters around the
1.1 mike 267: root element do not round-trip.</p>
268:
269: <p>It is suggested that newlines be inserted after the DOCTYPE,
270: after any comments that are before the root element, after the
1.159 mike 271: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element's start tag (if it is not <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</a>), and after any comments
272: that are inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element but before the
273: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element.</p>
1.1 mike 274:
1.123 mike 275: </div><p>Many strings in the HTML syntax (e.g. the names of elements and
1.1 mike 276: their attributes) are case-insensitive, but only for characters in
277: the ranges U+0041 .. U+005A (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to LATIN CAPITAL
278: LETTER Z) and U+0061 .. U+007A (LATIN SMALL LETTER A to LATIN SMALL
279: LETTER Z). For convenience, in this section this is just referred to
1.168 mike 280: as "case-insensitive".</p><h4 id="the-doctype"><span class="secno">9.1.1 </span>The DOCTYPE</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><span><a href="http://www.w3.org/html/wg/tracker/issues/4">ISSUE-4</a> (html-versioning) blocks progress to Last Call</span></p><p>A <dfn id="syntax-doctype" title="syntax-doctype">DOCTYPE</dfn> is a mostly useless,
1.123 mike 281: but required, header.</p><p class="note">DOCTYPEs are required for legacy reasons. When
1.1 mike 282: omitted, browsers tend to use a different rendering mode that is
283: incompatible with some specifications. Including the DOCTYPE in a
284: document ensures that the browser makes a best-effort attempt at
1.123 mike 285: following the relevant specifications.</p><p>A DOCTYPE must consist of the following characters, in this
286: order:</p><ol class="brief"><li>A U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) character.</li>
1.1 mike 287: <li>A U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (<code>!</code>) character.</li>
288: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">DOCTYPE</code>".</li>
289: <li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
290: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">HTML</code>".</li>
291: <li>Optionally, a <a href="#doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</a> (defined below).</li>
292: <li>Zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
293: <li>A U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
294: </ol><p class="note">In other words, <code><!DOCTYPE HTML></code>,
1.123 mike 295: case-insensitively.</p><p>For the purposes of HTML generators that cannot output HTML
1.1 mike 296: markup with the short DOCTYPE "<code title=""><!DOCTYPE
297: HTML></code>", a <dfn id="doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</dfn> may be inserted
298: into the DOCTYPE (in the position defined above). This string must
1.123 mike 299: consist of:</p><ol class="brief"><li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
1.1 mike 300: <li>A string that is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">SYSTEM</code>".</li>
1.444 mike 301: <li>One or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
1.1 mike 302: <li>A U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (the <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
1.465 mike 303: <li>The literal string "<code><a href="infrastructure.html#about:legacy-compat">about:legacy-compat</a></code>".</li>
1.1 mike 304: <li>A matching U+0022 QUOTATION MARK or U+0027 APOSTROPHE character (i.e. the same character as in the earlier step marked <i>quote mark</i>).</li>
305: </ol><p class="note">In other words, <code><!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM
306: "about:legacy-compat"></code> or <code><!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM
307: 'about:legacy-compat'></code>, case-insensitively except for the bit
1.123 mike 308: in quotes.</p><p>The <a href="#doctype-legacy-string">DOCTYPE legacy string</a> should not be used unless
1.1 mike 309: the document is generated from a system that cannot output the
1.373 mike 310: shorter string.</p><h4 id="elements-0"><span class="secno">9.1.2 </span>Elements</h4><p>There are five different kinds of <dfn id="syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</dfn>: <a href="#void-elements">void elements</a>,
311: <a href="#raw-text-elements">raw text elements</a>, <a href="#rcdata-elements">RCDATA elements</a>,
312: <a href="#foreign-elements">foreign elements</a>, and <a href="#normal-elements">normal elements</a>.</p><dl><dt><dfn id="void-elements">Void elements</dfn></dt>
1.1 mike 313:
314: <dd><code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>,
1.159 mike 315: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command">command</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>,
316: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>,
1.1 mike 317: <code><a href="forms.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>,
1.159 mike 318: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>, <code><a href="video.html#the-source-element">source</a></code></dd>
1.1 mike 319:
1.373 mike 320: <dt><dfn id="raw-text-elements">Raw text elements</dfn></dt>
1.1 mike 321:
322: <dd><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code></dd> <!-- iframe and
1.91 mike 323: noscript don't count as raw text for syntax purposes -->
1.1 mike 324:
1.373 mike 325: <dt><dfn id="rcdata-elements">RCDATA elements</dfn></dt>
1.1 mike 326:
1.159 mike 327: <dd><code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element-0">title</a></code></dd>
1.1 mike 328:
1.373 mike 329: <dt><dfn id="foreign-elements">Foreign elements</dfn></dt>
1.1 mike 330:
331: <dd>Elements from the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>
332: and the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dd>
333:
1.373 mike 334: <dt><dfn id="normal-elements">Normal elements</dfn></dt>
1.1 mike 335:
336: <dd>All other allowed <a href="infrastructure.html#html-elements">HTML elements</a> are normal
337: elements.</dd>
338:
339: </dl><p><dfn id="syntax-tags" title="syntax-tags">Tags</dfn> are used to delimit the start
1.373 mike 340: and end of elements in the markup. <a href="#raw-text-elements" title="raw text
341: elements">Raw text</a>, <a href="#rcdata-elements" title="RCDATA
342: elements">RCDATA</a>, and <a href="#normal-elements" title="normal
343: elements">normal</a> elements have a <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> to indicate where they
344: begin, and an <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> to
345: indicate where they end. The start and end tags of certain
346: <a href="#normal-elements">normal elements</a> can be <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</a>, as described
1.1 mike 347: later. Those that cannot be omitted must not be omitted. <a href="#void-elements">Void
348: elements</a> only have a start tag; end tags must not be
1.373 mike 349: specified for <a href="#void-elements">void elements</a>. <a href="#foreign-elements">Foreign
350: elements</a> must either have a start tag and an end tag, or a
351: start tag that is marked as self-closing, in which case they must
352: not have an end tag.</p><p>The contents of the element must be placed between just after the
1.1 mike 353: start tag (which <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">might be implied,
354: in certain cases</a>) and just before the end tag (which again,
355: <a href="#syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">might be implied in certain
356: cases</a>). The exact allowed contents of each individual element
357: depends on the content model of that element, as described earlier
358: in this specification. Elements must not contain content that their
359: content model disallows. In addition to the restrictions placed on
360: the contents by those content models, however, the five types of
1.123 mike 361: elements have additional <em>syntactic</em> requirements.</p><p><a href="#void-elements">Void elements</a> can't have any contents (since there's
1.1 mike 362: no end tag, no content can be put between the start tag and the end
1.373 mike 363: tag).</p><p><a href="#raw-text-elements">Raw text elements</a> can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, though it has <a href="#cdata-rcdata-restrictions">restrictions</a> described
364: below.</p><p><a href="#rcdata-elements">RCDATA elements</a> can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> and <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, but the text
365: must not contain an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous ampersand</a>.
1.1 mike 366: There are also <a href="#cdata-rcdata-restrictions">further
1.373 mike 367: restrictions</a> described below.</p><p><a href="#foreign-elements">Foreign elements</a> whose start tag is marked as
368: self-closing can't have any contents (since, again, as there's no
369: end tag, no content can be put between the start tag and the end
370: tag). <a href="#foreign-elements">Foreign elements</a> whose start tag is <em>not</em>
371: marked as self-closing can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, <a href="#syntax-cdata" title="syntax-cdata">CDATA sections</a>, other <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</a>, and <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a>, but the text must not
1.1 mike 372: contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) or
373: an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
1.374 mike 374: ampersand</a>.</p><div class="note">
375:
376: <p>The HTML syntax does not support namespace
377: declarations, even in <a href="#foreign-elements">foreign elements</a>.</p>
378:
379: <p>For instance, consider the following HTML fragment:</p>
380:
381: <pre><p>
382: <svg>
383: <metadata>
384: <!-- this is invalid -->
385: <cdr:license xmlns:cdr="http://www.example.com/cdr/metadata" name="MIT"/>
386: </metadata>
387: </svg>
388: </p></pre>
389:
390: <p>The innermost element, <code title="">cdr:license</code>, is
391: actually in the SVG namespace, as the "<code title="">xmlns:cdr</code>" attribute has no effect (unlike in
392: XML). In fact, as the comment in the fragment above says, the
393: fragment is actually non-conforming. This is because the SVG
394: specification does not define any elements called "<code title="">cdr:license</code>" in the SVG namespace.</p>
395:
396: </div><p><a href="#normal-elements">Normal elements</a> can have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, other <a href="#syntax-elements" title="syntax-elements">elements</a>, and <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comments</a>, but the text must not
1.1 mike 397: contain the character U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code><</code>) or
398: an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
1.373 mike 399: ampersand</a>. Some <a href="#normal-elements">normal elements</a> also have <a href="#element-restrictions">yet more restrictions</a> on what
1.1 mike 400: content they are allowed to hold, beyond the restrictions imposed by
401: the content model and those described in this paragraph. Those
1.123 mike 402: restrictions are described below.</p><p>Tags contain a <dfn id="syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</dfn>,
1.1 mike 403: giving the element's name. HTML elements all have names that only
1.464 mike 404: use characters in the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT
405: NINE (9), U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER
406: Z, and U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
407: Z. In the HTML syntax, tag names, even those for <a href="#foreign-elements">foreign
1.462 mike 408: elements</a>, may be written with any mix of lower- and uppercase
409: letters that, when converted to all-lowercase, matches the element's
410: tag name; tag names are case-insensitive.</p><h5 id="start-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.1 </span>Start tags</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">Start tags</dfn> must have the
1.123 mike 411: following format:</p><ol><li>The first character of a start tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN
1.1 mike 412: SIGN (<code><</code>).</li>
413:
414: <li>The next few characters of a start tag must be the element's
415: <a href="#syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</a>.</li>
416:
417: <li>If there are to be any attributes in the next step, there must
418: first be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
419: characters</a>.</li>
420:
421: <li>Then, the start tag may have a number of attributes, the <a href="#syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">syntax for which</a> is described
422: below. Attributes may be separated from each other by one or more
423: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>.</li>
424:
425: <li>After the attributes, there may be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a>. (Some attributes
426: are required to be followed by a space. See the <a href="#syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">attributes section</a> below.)</li>
427:
428: <li>Then, if the element is one of the <a href="#void-elements">void elements</a>,
1.373 mike 429: or if the element is a <a href="#foreign-elements" title="foreign elements">foreign
430: element</a>, then there may be a single U+002F SOLIDUS
431: (<code>/</code>) character. This character has no effect on
432: <a href="#void-elements">void elements</a>, but on <a href="#foreign-elements">foreign elements</a> it
433: marks the start tag as self-closing.</li>
1.1 mike 434:
435: <li>Finally, start tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN
436: SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
437:
1.123 mike 438: </ol><h5 id="end-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.2 </span>End tags</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">End tags</dfn> must have the
439: following format:</p><ol><li>The first character of an end tag must be a U+003C LESS-THAN
1.1 mike 440: SIGN (<code><</code>).</li>
441:
442: <li>The second character of an end tag must be a U+002F SOLIDUS
443: (<code>/</code>).</li>
444:
445: <li>The next few characters of an end tag must be the element's
446: <a href="#syntax-tag-name" title="syntax-tag-name">tag name</a>.</li>
447:
448: <li>After the tag name, there may be one or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
449: character">space characters</a>.</li>
450:
451: <li>Finally, end tags must be closed by a U+003E GREATER-THAN
452: SIGN (<code>></code>) character.</li>
453:
1.123 mike 454: </ol><h5 id="attributes"><span class="secno">9.1.2.3 </span>Attributes</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-attributes" title="syntax-attributes">Attributes</dfn> for an element
455: are expressed inside the element's start tag.</p><p>Attributes have a name and a value. <dfn id="syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">Attribute names</dfn> must consist of
1.1 mike 456: one or more characters other than the <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
457: character">space characters</a>, U+0000 NULL, U+0022 QUOTATION
458: MARK ("), U+0027 APOSTROPHE ('), U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
459: (>), U+002F SOLIDUS (/), and U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=) characters,
460: the control characters, and any characters that are not defined by
1.462 mike 461: Unicode. In the HTML syntax, attribute names, even those for
462: <a href="#foreign-elements">foreign elements</a>, may be written with any mix of lower-
463: and uppercase letters that are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1.123 mike 464: case-insensitive</a> match for the attribute's name.</p><p><dfn id="syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">Attribute values</dfn> are a
1.1 mike 465: mixture of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> and <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a>, except with the
1.123 mike 466: additional restriction that the text cannot contain an <a href="#syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous ampersand</a>.</p><p>Attributes can be specified in four different ways:</p><dl><dt>Empty attribute syntax</dt>
1.1 mike 467:
468: <dd>
469:
470: <p>Just the <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute
471: name</a>.</p>
472:
473: <div class="example">
474:
475: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-fe-disabled"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-disabled">disabled</a></code> attribute is given with
476: the empty attribute syntax:</p>
477:
478: <pre><input <em>disabled</em>></pre>
479:
480: </div>
481:
482: <p>If an attribute using the empty attribute syntax is to be
483: followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
484: character</a> separating the two.</p>
485:
486: </dd>
487:
1.2 mike 488: <dt id="unquoted">Unquoted attribute value syntax</dt>
1.1 mike 489:
490: <dd>
491:
492: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
493: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
494: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
495: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
496: character">space characters</a>, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
497: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
498: must not contain any literal <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
499: characters</a>, any U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>)
500: characters, U+0027 APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) characters,
501: U+003D EQUALS SIGN (<code>=</code>) characters, U+003C LESS-THAN
1.463 mike 502: SIGN (<code><</code>) characters, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
503: (<code>></code>) characters, or U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT (`)
504: characters, and must not be the empty string.</p>
505:
506: <!-- The ` character is in this list on a temporary basis, waiting
507: for IE to fix it's parsing bug whereby it treats ` as an
508: attribute value delimiter. Otherwise, escaping software that
509: tries to be clever and not use quotes when it doesn't need to
510: could be tricked by an attacker.
511:
512: Posit a site that allows the user to input text that is used
513: verbatim in two attributes, such that the user can set the
514: first attribute's value to:
515:
516: `
517:
518: ...and the second to:
519:
520: ` onload='...payload...' end=x
521:
522: ...with the assumption that the site is going to not quote
523: the first one, and quote the second one with double quotes:
524:
525: <body title=` class="` onload='...payload...' end=x">
526:
527: In IE, this is treated as:
528:
529: <body title=' class="'
530: onload='...payload...'
531: end='x"'>
532:
533: -->
534:
1.1 mike 535:
536: <div class="example">
537:
538: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-input-value"><a href="forms.html#attr-input-value">value</a></code> attribute is given
539: with the unquoted attribute value syntax:</p>
540:
541: <pre><input <em>value=yes</em>></pre>
542:
543: </div>
544:
545: <p>If an attribute using the unquoted attribute syntax is to be
1.101 mike 546: followed by another attribute or by the optional U+002F SOLIDUS
1.464 mike 547: character (/) allowed in step 6 of the <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> syntax above, then there
1.1 mike 548: must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> separating the two.</p>
549:
550: </dd>
551:
552: <dt>Single-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
553:
554: <dd>
555:
556: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
557: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
558: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
559: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
560: character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+0027
561: APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) character, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
562: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
563: must not contain any literal U+0027 APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>)
564: characters, and finally followed by a second single U+0027
565: APOSTROPHE (<code>'</code>) character.</p>
566:
567: <div class="example">
568:
569: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-input-type"><a href="forms.html#attr-input-type">type</a></code> attribute is given with the
570: single-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
571:
572: <pre><input <em>type='checkbox'</em>></pre>
573:
574: </div>
575:
576: <p>If an attribute using the single-quoted attribute syntax is to
577: be followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
578: character</a> separating the two.</p>
579:
580: </dd>
581:
582: <dt>Double-quoted attribute value syntax</dt>
583:
584: <dd>
585:
586: <p>The <a href="#syntax-attribute-name" title="syntax-attribute-name">attribute name</a>,
587: followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
588: characters</a>, followed by a single U+003D EQUALS SIGN
589: character, followed by zero or more <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
590: character">space characters</a>, followed by a single U+0022
591: QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>) character, followed by the <a href="#syntax-attribute-value" title="syntax-attribute-value">attribute value</a>, which, in
592: addition to the requirements given above for attribute values,
593: must not contain any literal U+0022 QUOTATION MARK
594: (<code>"</code>) characters, and finally followed by a second
595: single U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code>"</code>) character.</p>
596:
597: <div class="example">
598:
599: <p>In the following example, the <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-name">name</a></code> attribute is given with the
600: double-quoted attribute value syntax:</p>
601:
602: <pre><input <em>name="be evil"</em>></pre>
603:
604: </div>
605:
606: <p>If an attribute using the double-quoted attribute syntax is to
607: be followed by another attribute, then there must be a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space
608: character</a> separating the two.</p>
609:
610: </dd>
611:
612: </dl><p>There must never be two or more attributes on the same start tag
613: whose names are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match for
1.462 mike 614: each other.</p><hr><p>When a <a href="#foreign-elements" title="foreign elements">foreign element</a> has
615: one of the namespaced attributes given by the local name and
616: namespace of the first and second cells of a row from the following
617: table, it must be written using the name given by the third cell
618: from the same row.</p><table><thead><tr><th> Local name </th><th> Namespace </th><th> Attribute name
619: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">actuate</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:actuate</code>
620: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">arcrole</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:arcrole</code>
621: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">href</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:href</code>
622: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">role</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:role</code>
623: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">show</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:show</code>
624: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">title</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:title</code>
625: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">type</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xlink:type</code>
626: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">base</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a> <!-- attr-xml-base --> </td><td> <code title="">xml:base</code>
627: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">lang</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xml:lang</code>
628: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">space</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xml:space</code>
629: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xmlns</code>
630: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a> </td><td> <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code>
631: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>No other namespaced attribute can be expressed in the <a href="#syntax">the
632: HTML syntax</a>.</p><h5 id="optional-tags"><span class="secno">9.1.2.4 </span>Optional tags</h5><p>Certain tags can be <dfn id="syntax-tag-omission" title="syntax-tag-omission">omitted</dfn>.</p><p class="note">Omitting an element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> does not mean the element
1.1 mike 633: is not present; it is implied, but it is still there. An HTML
1.159 mike 634: document always has a root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, even if the
1.1 mike 635: string <code title=""><html></code> doesn't appear anywhere in
1.159 mike 636: the markup.</p><!-- <html> --><p>An <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
637: first thing inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element is not a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </html> --><p>An <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
638: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element is not
639: immediately followed by a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- <head> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted <!--if the
1.1 mike 640: element is empty, or--> if the first thing inside the
1.159 mike 641: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element is an element.</p><!-- </head> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
642: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element is not
643: immediately followed by a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- <body> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
644: element is empty, or if the first thing inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>
1.1 mike 645: element is not a <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>, except if the first thing
1.159 mike 646: inside the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element is a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> or
1.1 mike 647: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code> element. <!-- Note that even if the </head> end
648: tag is present, the parser makes <style> and <script> elements
649: between </head> and <body> end up in the <head> instead of implying
1.159 mike 650: the <body> --></p><!-- </body> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
651: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element is not
1.123 mike 652: immediately followed by a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </li> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 653: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element is
654: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element or if there
1.422 mike 655: is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </dt> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 656: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element is
657: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element or a
1.123 mike 658: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element.</p><!-- </dd> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 659: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element is
660: immediately followed by another <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element or a
661: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, or if there is no more content in the
1.123 mike 662: parent element.</p><!-- </p> --><p>A <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 663: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element is
664: immediately followed by an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>,
665: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>,
1.305 mike 666: <!--v2DATAGRID <code>datagrid</code>,--> <code><a href="obsolete.html#dir">dir</a></code>,
1.306 mike 667: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code>,
1.305 mike 668: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>,
669: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h2</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h3</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h4</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h5</a></code>,
670: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-header-element">header</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code>,
671: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>,
672: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>,
1.1 mike 673: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-section-element">section</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>,
674: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element and
1.123 mike 675: the parent element is not an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element.</p><!-- </rt> --><p>An <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 676: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element is
677: immediately followed by an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> or <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code>
1.123 mike 678: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </rp> --><p>An <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 679: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element is
680: immediately followed by an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> or <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code>
1.123 mike 681: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </optgroup> (the text assumes <optgroup> can only be inside a
1.1 mike 682: <select>; commented out text below can handle the non-<select> case
1.123 mike 683: if we ever allow it) --><p>An <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> may be omitted if the
1.1 mike 684: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element <!--has an ancestor
685: <code>select</code> element and--> is immediately followed by
686: another <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, or if <!--all of the elements
687: that are ancestors of the <code>optgroup</code> element, up to and
688: including the first ancestor element that is not an
689: <code>optgroup</code> element, have no more content--> there is no
1.123 mike 690: more content in the parent element.</p><!-- so e.g. the max number of </optgroup>s are omitted here:
1.1 mike 691: <select><optgroup></select>
692: <p id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
693: <p id=x><optgroup><optgroup></optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
694: <p><optgroup id=x><optgroup></optgroup>x</p>
695: <p><optgroup><optgroup id=x>x</p>
1.123 mike 696: --><!-- </option> --><p>An <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 697: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element is
698: immediately followed by another <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, or if
699: it is immediately followed by an <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, or
1.123 mike 700: if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- <colgroup> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
1.1 mike 701: first thing inside the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element is a
702: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code> element, and if the element is not immediately
703: preceded by another <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element whose <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be
1.123 mike 704: omitted if the element is empty.)</p><!-- </colgroup> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end tag</a> may be omitted if the
1.1 mike 705: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element is not immediately followed by a
1.123 mike 706: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a> or a <a href="#syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">comment</a>.</p><!-- </thead> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 707: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element is
708: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>
1.123 mike 709: element.</p><!-- <tbody> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> may be omitted if the
1.1 mike 710: first thing inside the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element is a
711: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, and if the element is not immediately
712: preceded by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or
713: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element whose <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
714: tag</a> has been omitted. (It can't be omitted if the element is
1.123 mike 715: empty.)</p><!-- </tbody> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 716: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element is
717: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>
1.123 mike 718: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </tfoot> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 719: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element is
720: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, or if there is
1.123 mike 721: no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </tr> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 722: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element is
723: immediately followed by another <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, or if there
1.123 mike 724: is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </td> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 725: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element is
726: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>
1.123 mike 727: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><!-- </th> --><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element's <a href="#syntax-end-tag" title="syntax-end-tag">end
1.1 mike 728: tag</a> may be omitted if the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element is
729: immediately followed by a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>
1.123 mike 730: element, or if there is no more content in the parent element.</p><p><strong>However</strong>, a <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start
731: tag</a> must never be omitted if it has any attributes.</p><h5 id="element-restrictions"><span class="secno">9.1.2.5 </span>Restrictions on content models</h5><p>For historical reasons, certain elements have extra restrictions
732: beyond even the restrictions given by their content model.</p><p>A <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element must not contain <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>
1.1 mike 733: elements, even though these elements are technically allowed inside
734: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> elements according to the content models
735: described in this specification. (If a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element is
736: put inside a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the markup, it will in fact imply
1.304 mike 737: a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> start tag before it.)</p><p>A single <a href="#syntax-newlines" title="syntax-newlines">newline</a> may be
738: placed immediately after the <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start
1.1 mike 739: tag</a> of <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> and <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
740: elements. This does not affect the processing of the element. The
1.304 mike 741: otherwise optional <a href="#syntax-newlines" title="syntax-newlines">newline</a>
1.381 mike 742: <em>must</em> be included if the element's contents themselves start
743: with a <a href="#syntax-newlines" title="syntax-newlines">newline</a> (because
744: otherwise the leading newline in the contents would be treated like
745: the optional newline, and ignored).</p><div class="example">
1.1 mike 746: <p>The following two <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> blocks are equivalent:</p>
747: <pre><pre>Hello</pre></pre>
748: <pre><pre><br>Hello</pre></pre>
1.373 mike 749: </div><h5 id="cdata-rcdata-restrictions"><span class="secno">9.1.2.6 </span>Restrictions on the contents of raw text and RCDATA elements</h5><p>The text in <a href="#raw-text-elements" title="raw text elements">raw text</a> and
750: <a href="#rcdata-elements" title="RCDATA elements">RCDATAs</a> element must not
751: contain any occurrences of the string "<code title=""></</code>"
752: (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+002F SOLIDUS) followed by characters that
1.1 mike 753: case-insensitively match the tag name of the element followed by one
754: of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM
1.304 mike 755: FEED (FF), U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR), U+0020 SPACE, U+003E
756: GREATER-THAN SIGN (>), or U+002F SOLIDUS (/), unless that string is
757: part of an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text
758: span</a>.</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text span</dfn> is a span
1.1 mike 759: of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that starts with an <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span start</a> that is
760: not itself in an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping text
761: span</a>, and ends at the next <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span end</a>. There
762: cannot be any <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character
763: references</a> inside an <a href="#syntax-escape" title="syntax-escape">escaping
764: text span</a> — sequences of characters that would look
765: like <a href="#syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</a> do not
1.123 mike 766: have special meaning.</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span
1.1 mike 767: start</dfn> is a part of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that
768: consists of the four character sequence "<code title=""><!--</code>" (U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
1.123 mike 769: MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS).</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span end</dfn> is
1.1 mike 770: a part of <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> that consists of the
771: three character sequence "<code title="">--></code>" (U+002D
1.134 mike 772: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).</p><p>An <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span
1.1 mike 773: start</a> may share its U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters with its
774: corresponding <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text span
1.373 mike 775: end</a>.</p><p>The text in <a href="#raw-text-elements">raw text elements</a> and <a href="#rcdata-elements">RCDATA
776: elements</a> must not have an <a href="#syntax-escape-start" title="syntax-escape-start">escaping text span start</a> that is
777: not followed by an <a href="#syntax-escape-end" title="syntax-escape-end">escaping text
778: span end</a>.</p><h4 id="text-0"><span class="secno">9.1.3 </span>Text</h4><p><dfn id="syntax-text" title="syntax-text">Text</dfn> is allowed inside elements,
1.1 mike 779: attributes, and comments. Text must consist of Unicode characters.
780: Text must not contain U+0000 characters. Text must not contain
1.316 mike 781: permanently undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters). Text must
782: not contain control characters other than <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
783: character">space characters</a>. Extra constraints are placed on
784: what is and what is not allowed in text based on where the text is
785: to be put, as described in the other sections.</p><h5 id="newlines"><span class="secno">9.1.3.1 </span>Newlines</h5><p><dfn id="syntax-newlines" title="syntax-newlines">Newlines</dfn> in HTML may be
1.1 mike 786: represented either as U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters, U+000A
787: LINE FEED (LF) characters, or pairs of U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),
1.123 mike 788: U+000A LINE FEED (LF) characters in that order.</p><h4 id="character-references"><span class="secno">9.1.4 </span>Character references</h4><p>In certain cases described in other sections, <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> may be mixed with <dfn id="syntax-charref" title="syntax-charref">character references</dfn>. These can be used
1.1 mike 789: to escape characters that couldn't otherwise legally be included in
1.123 mike 790: <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>.</p><p>Character references must start with a U+0026 AMPERSAND
1.1 mike 791: (<code>&</code>). Following this, there are three possible kinds
1.123 mike 792: of character references:</p><dl><dt>Named character references</dt>
1.1 mike 793:
794: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by one of the names given in the
795: <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a> section, using the same
796: case. The name must be one that is terminated by a U+003B SEMICOLON
1.464 mike 797: character (;).</dd>
1.1 mike 798:
799:
800: <dt>Decimal numeric character reference</dt>
801:
802: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN
803: (<code>#</code>) character, followed by one or more digits in the
1.464 mike 804: range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9), representing
805: a base-ten integer that corresponds to a Unicode code point that is
1.378 mike 806: allowed according to the definition below. The digits must then be
1.464 mike 807: followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON character (;).</dd>
1.1 mike 808:
809:
810: <dt>Hexadecimal numeric character reference</dt>
811:
812: <dd>The ampersand must be followed by a U+0023 NUMBER SIGN
813: (<code>#</code>) character, which must be followed by either a
1.464 mike 814: U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X character (x) or a U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL
815: LETTER X character (X), which must then be followed by one or more
816: digits in the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9),
817: U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A to U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F, and
818: U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F,
819: representing a base-sixteen integer that corresponds to a Unicode
820: code point that is allowed according to the definition below. The
821: digits must then be followed by a U+003B SEMICOLON character
822: (;).</dd>
1.378 mike 823:
824: </dl><p>The numeric character reference forms described above are allowed
825: to reference any Unicode code point other than U+0000, permanently
826: undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters), and control characters
827: other than <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space
828: characters</a>.</p><p>An <dfn id="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand" title="syntax-ambiguous-ampersand">ambiguous
1.464 mike 829: ampersand</dfn> is a U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&) that is
830: followed by some <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a> other than a
831: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character">space character</a>, a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
832: (<), or another U+0026 AMPERSAND character
833: (<code>&</code>).</p><h4 id="cdata-sections"><span class="secno">9.1.5 </span>CDATA sections</h4><p><dfn id="syntax-cdata" title="syntax-cdata">CDATA sections</dfn> must start with
1.1 mike 834: the character sequence U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
835: MARK, U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET, U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C,
836: U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D, U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A, U+0054
837: LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T, U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A, U+005B LEFT
838: SQUARE BRACKET (<code title=""><![CDATA[</code>). Following this
839: sequence, the CDATA section may have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, with the additional restriction
840: that the text must not contain the three character sequence U+005D
841: RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+003E
842: GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>). Finally, the CDATA
843: section must be ended by the three character sequence U+005D RIGHT
844: SQUARE BRACKET, U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET, U+003E GREATER-THAN
1.159 mike 845: SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>).</p><h4 id="comments"><span class="secno">9.1.6 </span>Comments</h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Working draft</i></p><p><dfn id="syntax-comments" title="syntax-comments">Comments</dfn> must start with the
1.1 mike 846: four character sequence U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION
847: MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title=""><!--</code>). Following this sequence, the comment may
848: have <a href="#syntax-text" title="syntax-text">text</a>, with the additional
849: restriction that the text must not start with a single U+003E
1.464 mike 850: GREATER-THAN SIGN (>) character, nor start with a U+002D
851: HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) followed by a
852: U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>) character, nor contain two
1.1 mike 853: consecutive U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">-</code>)
854: characters, nor end with a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (<code title="">-</code>) character. Finally, the comment must be ended by
855: the three character sequence U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D
1.123 mike 856: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">--></code>).</p><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 857:
1.159 mike 858: <h3 id="parsing"><span class="secno">9.2 </span>Parsing HTML documents</h3><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p>
1.1 mike 859:
860: <p><i>This section only applies to user agents, data mining tools,
861: and conformance checkers.</i></p>
862:
863: <p class="note">The rules for parsing XML documents into DOM trees
864: are covered by the next section, entitled "<a href="the-xhtml-syntax.html#the-xhtml-syntax">The XHTML
865: syntax</a>".</p>
866:
867: <p>For <a href="dom.html#html-documents">HTML documents</a>, user agents must use the parsing
868: rules described in this section to generate the DOM trees. Together,
869: these rules define what is referred to as the <dfn id="html-parser">HTML
870: parser</dfn>.</p>
871:
872: <div class="note">
873:
874: <p>While the HTML syntax described in this specification bears a
875: close resemblance to SGML and XML, it is a separate language with
876: its own parsing rules.</p>
877:
1.183 mike 878: <p>Some earlier versions of HTML (in particular from HTML2 to
879: HTML4) were based on SGML and used SGML parsing rules. However, few
1.1 mike 880: (if any) web browsers ever implemented true SGML parsing for HTML
881: documents; the only user agents to strictly handle HTML as an SGML
882: application have historically been validators. The resulting
883: confusion — with validators claiming documents to have one
884: representation while widely deployed Web browsers interoperably
885: implemented a different representation — has wasted decades
886: of productivity. This version of HTML thus returns to a non-SGML
887: basis.</p>
888:
889: <p>Authors interested in using SGML tools in their authoring
890: pipeline are encouraged to use XML tools and the XML serialization
891: of HTML.</p>
892:
893: </div>
894:
895: <p>This specification defines the parsing rules for HTML documents,
896: whether they are syntactically correct or not. Certain points in the
897: parsing algorithm are said to be <dfn id="parse-error" title="parse error">parse
898: errors</dfn>. The error handling for parse errors is well-defined:
899: user agents must either act as described below when encountering
900: such problems, or must abort processing at the first error that they
901: encounter for which they do not wish to apply the rules described
902: below.</p>
903:
904: <p>Conformance checkers must report at least one parse error
905: condition to the user if one or more parse error conditions exist in
906: the document and must not report parse error conditions if none
907: exist in the document. Conformance checkers may report more than one
1.174 mike 908: parse error condition if more than one parse error condition exists
1.1 mike 909: in the document. Conformance checkers are not required to recover
910: from parse errors.</p>
911:
912: <p class="note">Parse errors are only errors with the
913: <em>syntax</em> of HTML. In addition to checking for parse errors,
914: conformance checkers will also verify that the document obeys all
915: the other conformance requirements described in this
916: specification.</p>
917:
918: <p>For the purposes of conformance checkers, if a resource is
919: determined to be in <a href="#syntax">the HTML syntax</a>, then it is an
920: <a href="dom.html#html-documents" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
921:
1.266 mike 922: </div><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 923:
924: <h4 id="overview-of-the-parsing-model"><span class="secno">9.2.1 </span>Overview of the parsing model</h4>
925:
926: <p>The input to the HTML parsing process consists of a stream of
927: Unicode characters, which is passed through a
928: <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage followed by a <a href="#tree-construction">tree
929: construction</a> stage. The output is a <code>Document</code>
930: object.</p>
931:
932: <p class="note">Implementations that <a href="infrastructure.html#non-scripted">do not
933: support scripting</a> do not have to actually create a DOM
934: <code>Document</code> object, but the DOM tree in such cases is
935: still used as the model for the rest of the specification.</p>
936:
937: <p>In the common case, the data handled by the tokenization stage
1.159 mike 938: comes from the network, but <a href="embedded-content-0.html#dynamic-markup-insertion" title="dynamic markup
939: insertion">it can also come from script</a>, e.g. using the <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> API.</p>
1.1 mike 940:
941: <p><img alt="" src="images/parsing-model-overview.png"></p>
942:
943: <p id="nestedParsing">There is only one set of states for the
944: tokenizer stage and the tree construction stage, but the tree
945: construction stage is reentrant, meaning that while the tree
946: construction stage is handling one token, the tokenizer might be
947: resumed, causing further tokens to be emitted and processed before
948: the first token's processing is complete.</p>
949:
950: <div class="example">
951:
952: <p>In the following example, the tree construction stage will be
953: called upon to handle a "p" start tag token while handling the
954: "script" start tag token:</p>
955:
956: <pre>...
957: <script>
958: document.write('<p>');
959: </script>
960: ...</pre>
961:
962: </div>
963:
964: <p>To handle these cases, parsers have a <dfn id="script-nesting-level">script nesting
965: level</dfn>, which must be initially set to zero, and a <dfn id="parser-pause-flag">parser
966: pause flag</dfn>, which must be initially set to false.</p>
967:
1.266 mike 968: </div><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 969:
970: <h4 id="the-input-stream"><span class="secno">9.2.2 </span>The <dfn>input stream</dfn></h4>
971:
972: <p>The stream of Unicode characters that comprises the input to the
973: tokenization stage will be initially seen by the user agent as a
974: stream of bytes (typically coming over the network or from the local
975: file system). The bytes encode the actual characters according to a
976: particular <em>character encoding</em>, which the user agent must
977: use to decode the bytes into characters.</p>
978:
979: <p class="note">For XML documents, the algorithm user agents must
980: use to determine the character encoding is given by the XML
1.104 mike 981: specification. This section does not apply to XML documents. <a href="references.html#refsXML">[XML]</a></p>
1.1 mike 982:
983:
1.168 mike 984: <h5 id="determining-the-character-encoding"><span class="secno">9.2.2.1 </span>Determining the character encoding</h5><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Working draft</i></p>
1.1 mike 985:
986: <p>In some cases, it might be impractical to unambiguously determine
987: the encoding before parsing the document. Because of this, this
988: specification provides for a two-pass mechanism with an optional
989: pre-scan. Implementations are allowed, as described below, to apply
990: a simplified parsing algorithm to whatever bytes they have available
991: before beginning to parse the document. Then, the real parser is
992: started, using a tentative encoding derived from this pre-parse and
993: other out-of-band metadata. If, while the document is being loaded,
994: the user agent discovers an encoding declaration that conflicts with
995: this information, then the parser can get reinvoked to perform a
996: parse of the document with the real encoding.</p>
997:
998: <p id="documentEncoding">User agents must use the following
999: algorithm (the <dfn id="encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</dfn>) to determine
1000: the character encoding to use when decoding a document in the first
1001: pass. This algorithm takes as input any out-of-band metadata
1002: available to the user agent (e.g. the <a href="infrastructure.html#content-type" title="Content-Type">Content-Type metadata</a> of the document)
1003: and all the bytes available so far, and returns an encoding and a
1004: <dfn id="concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</dfn>. The
1005: confidence is either <i>tentative</i>, <i>certain</i>, or
1006: <i>irrelevant</i>. The encoding used, and whether the confidence in
1007: that encoding is <i>tentative</i> or <i>certain</i>, is <a href="#meta-charset-during-parse">used during the parsing</a> to
1008: determine whether to <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the encoding</a>. If no
1009: encoding is necessary, e.g. because the parser is operating on a
1010: stream of Unicode characters and doesn't have to use an encoding at
1011: all, then the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
1012: <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
1013:
1014: <ol><li><p>If the transport layer specifies an encoding, and it is
1015: supported, return that encoding with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1016: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps.</p></li>
1017:
1018: <li><p>The user agent may wait for more bytes of the resource to be
1019: available, either in this step or at any later step in this
1020: algorithm. For instance, a user agent might wait 500ms or 512
1021: bytes, whichever came first. In general preparsing the source to
1022: find the encoding improves performance, as it reduces the need to
1023: throw away the data structures used when parsing upon finding the
1024: encoding information. However, if the user agent delays too long to
1025: obtain data to determine the encoding, then the cost of the delay
1026: could outweigh any performance improvements from the
1027: preparse.</p></li>
1028:
1029: <li><p>For each of the rows in the following table, starting with
1030: the first one and going down, if there are as many or more bytes
1031: available than the number of bytes in the first column, and the
1032: first bytes of the file match the bytes given in the first column,
1033: then return the encoding given in the cell in the second column of
1034: that row, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1035: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps:</p>
1036:
1037: <!-- this table is present in several forms in this file; keep them in sync -->
1038: <table><thead><tr><th>Bytes in Hexadecimal
1039: </th><th>Encoding
1040: </th></tr></thead><tbody><!-- nobody uses this
1041: <tr>
1042: <td>00 00 FE FF
1043: <td>UTF-32BE
1044: <tr>
1045: <td>FF FE 00 00
1046: <td>UTF-32LE
1047: --><tr><td>FE FF
1048: </td><td>UTF-16BE
1049: </td></tr><tr><td>FF FE
1050: </td><td>UTF-16LE
1051: </td></tr><tr><td>EF BB BF
1052: </td><td>UTF-8
1053: <!-- nobody uses this
1054: <tr>
1055: <td>DD 73 66 73
1056: <td>UTF-EBCDIC
1057: -->
1058: </td></tr></tbody></table><p class="note">This step looks for Unicode Byte Order Marks
1059: (BOMs).</p></li>
1060:
1061: <li><p>Otherwise, the user agent will have to search for explicit
1062: character encoding information in the file itself. This should
1063: proceed as follows:
1064:
1065: </p><p>Let <var title="">position</var> be a pointer to a byte in the
1066: input stream, initially pointing at the first byte. If at any
1067: point during these substeps the user agent either runs out of
1068: bytes or decides that scanning further bytes would not be
1069: efficient, then skip to the next step of the overall character
1070: encoding detection algorithm. User agents may decide that scanning
1071: <em>any</em> bytes is not efficient, in which case these substeps
1072: are entirely skipped.</p>
1073:
1074: <p>Now, repeat the following "two" steps until the algorithm
1075: aborts (either because user agent aborts, as described above, or
1076: because a character encoding is found):</p>
1077:
1078: <ol><li><p>If <var title="">position</var> points to:</p>
1079:
1080: <dl class="switch"><dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 0x2D 0x2D (ASCII '<!--')</dt>
1081: <dd>
1082:
1083: <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it
1084: points at the first 0x3E byte which is preceded by two 0x2D
1085: bytes (i.e. at the end of an ASCII '-->' sequence) and comes
1086: after the 0x3C byte that was found. (The two 0x2D bytes can be
1087: the same as the those in the '<!--' sequence.)</p>
1088:
1089: </dd>
1090:
1091: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C, 0x4D or 0x6D, 0x45 or 0x65, 0x54 or 0x74, 0x41 or 0x61, and finally one of 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, 0x2F (case-insensitive ASCII '<meta' followed by a space or slash)</dt>
1092: <dd>
1093:
1094: <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so
1095: that it points at the next 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x20, or
1096: 0x2F byte (the one in sequence of characters matched
1097: above).</p></li>
1098:
1099: <li><p><a href="#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">Get
1100: an attribute</a> and its value. If no attribute was
1101: sniffed, then skip this inner set of steps, and jump to the
1102: second step in the overall "two step" algorithm.</p></li>
1103:
1104: <li><p>If the attribute's name is neither "<code title="">charset</code>" nor "<code title="">content</code>",
1105: then return to step 2 in these inner steps.</p></li>
1106:
1107: <li><p>If the attribute's name is "<code title="">charset</code>", let <var title="">charset</var> be
1108: the attribute's value, interpreted as a character
1109: encoding.</p></li>
1110:
1111: <li><p>Otherwise, the attribute's name is "<code title="">content</code>": apply the <a href="infrastructure.html#algorithm-for-extracting-an-encoding-from-a-content-type">algorithm for
1112: extracting an encoding from a Content-Type</a>, giving the
1113: attribute's value as the string to parse. If an encoding is
1114: returned, let <var title="">charset</var> be that
1115: encoding. Otherwise, return to step 2 in these inner
1116: steps.</p></li>
1117:
1118: <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is a UTF-16 encoding,
1119: change the value of <var title="">charset</var> to
1120: UTF-8.</p></li>
1121:
1122: <li><p>If <var title="">charset</var> is a supported
1123: character encoding, then return the given encoding, with
1124: <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1125: <i>tentative</i>, and abort all these steps.</p></li>
1126:
1127: <li><p>Otherwise, return to step 2 in these inner
1128: steps.</p></li>
1129:
1130: </ol></dd>
1131:
1.464 mike 1132: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with a 0x3C byte (ASCII <), optionally a 0x2F byte (ASCII /), and finally a byte in the range 0x41-0x5A or 0x61-0x7A (an ASCII letter)</dt>
1.1 mike 1133: <dd>
1134:
1135: <ol><li><p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so
1136: that it points at the next 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF),
1137: 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x3E
1.464 mike 1138: (ASCII >) byte.</p></li>
1.1 mike 1139:
1140: <li><p>Repeatedly <a href="#concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">get an
1141: attribute</a> until no further attributes can be found,
1142: then jump to the second step in the overall "two step"
1143: algorithm.</p></li>
1144:
1145: </ol></dd>
1146:
1147: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x21 (ASCII '<!')</dt>
1148: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x2F (ASCII '</')</dt>
1149: <dt>A sequence of bytes starting with: 0x3C 0x3F (ASCII '<?')</dt>
1150: <dd>
1151:
1152: <p>Advance the <var title="">position</var> pointer so that it
1.464 mike 1153: points at the first 0x3E byte (ASCII >) that comes after the
1.1 mike 1154: 0x3C byte that was found.</p>
1155:
1156: </dd>
1157:
1158: <dt>Any other byte</dt>
1159: <dd>
1160:
1161: <p>Do nothing with that byte.</p>
1162:
1163: </dd>
1164:
1165: </dl></li>
1166:
1167: <li>Move <var title="">position</var> so it points at the next
1168: byte in the input stream, and return to the first step of this
1169: "two step" algorithm.</li>
1170:
1171: </ol><p>When the above "two step" algorithm says to <dfn id="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing" title="concept-get-attributes-when-sniffing">get an
1172: attribute</dfn>, it means doing this:</p>
1173:
1174: <ol><li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09
1175: (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR),
1.464 mike 1176: 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x2F (ASCII /) then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and redo this
1.1 mike 1177: substep.</p></li>
1178:
1179: <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is 0x3E (ASCII
1.464 mike 1180: >), then abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. There isn't
1.1 mike 1181: one.</p></li>
1182:
1183: <li><p>Otherwise, the byte at <var title="">position</var> is the
1184: start of the attribute name. Let <var title="">attribute
1185: name</var> and <var title="">attribute value</var> be the empty
1186: string.</p></li>
1187:
1188: <li><p><i>Attribute name</i>: Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as follows:</p>
1189:
1.464 mike 1190: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x3D (ASCII =), and the <var title="">attribute
1.1 mike 1191: name</var> is longer than the empty string</dt>
1192:
1193: <dd>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1194: jump to the step below labeled <i>value</i>.</dd>
1195:
1196: <dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII
1197: FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space)</dt>
1198:
1199: <dd>Jump to the step below labeled <i>spaces</i>.</dd>
1200:
1.464 mike 1201: <dt>If it is 0x2F (ASCII /) or 0x3E (ASCII >)</dt>
1.1 mike 1202:
1203: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1204: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its
1205: value is the empty string.</dd>
1206:
1.464 mike 1207: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII
1208: Z)</dt>
1.1 mike 1209:
1210: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1211: name</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1212: byte at <var title="">position</var>).</dd>
1213:
1214: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1215:
1216: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1217: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute name</var>. (It doesn't actually matter how
1218: bytes outside the ASCII range are handled here, since only
1219: ASCII characters can contribute to the detection of a character
1220: encoding.)</dd>
1221:
1222: </dl></li>
1223:
1224: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1225: return to the previous step.</p></li>
1226:
1227: <li><p><i>Spaces</i>: If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII
1228: LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then
1229: advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then,
1230: repeat this step.</p></li>
1231:
1232: <li><p>If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is
1.464 mike 1233: <em>not</em> 0x3D (ASCII =), abort the "get an attribute"
1.1 mike 1234: algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its value is the empty
1235: string.</p></li>
1236:
1237: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> past the 0x3D (ASCII
1.464 mike 1238: =) byte.</p></li>
1.1 mike 1239:
1240: <li><p><i>Value:</i> If the byte at <var title="">position</var> is one of 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII
1241: LF), 0x0C (ASCII FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), or 0x20 (ASCII space) then
1242: advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte, then,
1243: repeat this step.</p></li>
1244:
1245: <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as
1246: follows:</p>
1247:
1.464 mike 1248: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x22 (ASCII ") or 0x27 (ASCII ')</dt>
1.1 mike 1249:
1250: <dd>
1251:
1252: <ol><li>Let <var title="">b</var> be the value of the byte at
1253: <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1254:
1255: <li>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next
1256: byte.</li>
1257:
1258: <li>If the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>
1259: is the value of <var title="">b</var>, then advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and abort the "get
1260: an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's name is the value of
1261: <var title="">attribute name</var>, and its value is the
1262: value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</li>
1263:
1.464 mike 1264: <li>Otherwise, if the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var> is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to
1265: 0x5A (ASCII Z), then append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute value</var> whose code point is 0x20 more
1.1 mike 1266: than the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1267:
1268: <li>Otherwise, append a Unicode character to <var title="">attribute value</var> whose code point is the same as
1269: the value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>.</li>
1270:
1271: <li>Return to the second step in these substeps.</li>
1272:
1273: </ol></dd>
1274:
1.464 mike 1275: <dt>If it is 0x3E (ASCII >)</dt>
1.1 mike 1276:
1277: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1278: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var>, its
1279: value is the empty string.</dd>
1280:
1281:
1.464 mike 1282: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII
1283: Z)</dt>
1.1 mike 1284:
1285: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1286: value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1287: byte at <var title="">position</var>). Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
1288:
1289: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1290:
1291: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1292: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute value</var>. Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte.</dd>
1293:
1294: </dl></li>
1295:
1296: <li><p>Process the byte at <var title="">position</var> as
1297: follows:</p>
1298:
1299: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is 0x09 (ASCII TAB), 0x0A (ASCII LF), 0x0C (ASCII
1300: FF), 0x0D (ASCII CR), 0x20 (ASCII space), or 0x3E (ASCII
1.464 mike 1301: >)</dt>
1.1 mike 1302:
1303: <dd>Abort the "get an attribute" algorithm. The attribute's
1304: name is the value of <var title="">attribute name</var> and its
1305: value is the value of <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
1306:
1.464 mike 1307: <dt>If it is in the range 0x41 (ASCII A) to 0x5A (ASCII
1308: Z)</dt>
1.1 mike 1309:
1310: <dd>Append the Unicode character with code point <span title=""><var title="">b</var>+0x20</span> to <var title="">attribute
1311: value</var> (where <var title="">b</var> is the value of the
1312: byte at <var title="">position</var>).</dd>
1313:
1314: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1315:
1316: <dd>Append the Unicode character with the same code point as the
1317: value of the byte at <var title="">position</var>) to <var title="">attribute value</var>.</dd>
1318:
1319: </dl></li>
1320:
1321: <li><p>Advance <var title="">position</var> to the next byte and
1322: return to the previous step.</p></li>
1323:
1324: </ol><p>For the sake of interoperability, user agents should not use a
1325: pre-scan algorithm that returns different results than the one
1326: described above. (But, if you do, please at least let us know, so
1327: that we can improve this algorithm and benefit everyone...)</p>
1328:
1329: </li>
1330:
1331: <li><p>If the user agent has information on the likely encoding for
1332: this page, e.g. based on the encoding of the page when it was last
1333: visited, then return that encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1334: <i>tentative</i>, and abort these steps.</p></li>
1335:
1.322 mike 1336: <li>
1337:
1338: <p>The user agent may attempt to autodetect the character encoding
1339: from applying frequency analysis or other algorithms to the data
1340: stream. If autodetection succeeds in determining a character
1341: encoding, then return that encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1342: <i>tentative</i>, and abort these steps. <a href="references.html#refsUNIVCHARDET">[UNIVCHARDET]</a></p>
1343:
1344: <p class="note">The UTF-8 encoding has a highly detectable bit
1345: pattern. Documents that contain bytes with values greater than
1346: 0x7F which match the UTF-8 pattern are very likely to be UTF-8,
1347: while documents with byte sequences that do not match it are very
1348: likely not. User-agents are therefore encouraged to search for
1349: this common encoding.</p>
1350:
1351: </li>
1.1 mike 1352:
1353: <li><p>Otherwise, return an implementation-defined or
1354: user-specified default character encoding, with the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a>
1.459 mike 1355: <i>tentative</i>. In controlled environments or in environments
1356: where the encoding of documents can be prescribed (for example, for
1357: user agents intended for dedicated use in new networks), the more
1.1 mike 1358: comprehensive <code title="">UTF-8</code> encoding is
1.459 mike 1359: suggested. Due to its use in legacy content, <code title="">windows-1252</code> is suggested as a default in
1.187 mike 1360: predominantly Western demographics instead.</p></li>
1.1 mike 1361:
1362: </ol><p>The <a href="dom.html#document-s-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> must immediately
1363: be set to the value returned from this algorithm, at the same time
1364: as the user agent uses the returned value to select the decoder to
1365: use for the input stream.</p>
1366:
1367:
1.237 mike 1368: <h5 id="character-encodings-0"><span class="secno">9.2.2.2 </span>Character encodings</h5><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Working draft</i></p>
1.1 mike 1369:
1.237 mike 1370: <p>User agents must at a minimum support the UTF-8 and Windows-1252
1371: encodings, but may support more.</p>
1372:
1373: <p class="note">It is not unusual for Web browsers to support dozens
1374: if not upwards of a hundred distinct character encodings.</p>
1375:
1.365 mike 1376: <p>User agents must support the <a href="infrastructure.html#preferred-mime-name">preferred MIME name</a> of
1377: every character encoding they support, and should support all the
1378: IANA-registered names and aliases of every character encoding they
1379: support. <a href="references.html#refsIANACHARSET">[IANACHARSET]</a></p>
1.237 mike 1380:
1381: <p>When comparing a string specifying a character encoding with the
1382: name or alias of a character encoding to determine if they are
1383: equal, user agents must remove any leading or trailing <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a> in both names, and
1384: then perform the comparison in an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1385: case-insensitive</a> manner.</p>
1386:
1387: <!-- this bit will be replaced by actual alias registrations in due course -->
1388:
1389: <p>In addition, user agents must support the aliases given in the
1390: following table for every character encoding they support, so that
1391: labels from the first column are treated as equivalent to the labels
1392: given in the corresponding cell from the second column on the same
1393: row.</p>
1394:
1395: <table><caption>Additional character encoding aliases</caption>
1396: <thead><tr><th> Alias </th><th> Corresponding encoding </th><th> References
1397: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> x-sjis </td><td> windows-31J </td><td>
1398: <a href="references.html#refsSHIFTJIS">[SHIFTJIS]</a>
1399: <a href="references.html#refsWIN31J">[WIN31J]</a>
1400: </td></tr><tr><td> windows-932 </td><td> windows-31J </td><td>
1401: <a href="references.html#refsWIN31J">[WIN31J]</a>
1402: </td></tr><tr><td> x-x-big5 </td><td> Big5 </td><td>
1403: <a href="references.html#refsBIG5">[BIG5]</a>
1404: </td></tr></tbody></table><!-- end of bit that will be replaced by actual alias registrations in due course --><hr><p>When a user agent would otherwise use an encoding given in the
1405: first column of the following table to either convert content to
1406: Unicode characters or convert Unicode characters to bytes, it must
1407: instead use the encoding given in the cell in the second column of
1408: the same row. When a byte or sequence of bytes is treated
1409: differently due to this encoding aliasing, it is said to have been
1410: <dfn id="misinterpreted-for-compatibility">misinterpreted for compatibility</dfn>.</p>
1411:
1412: <table><caption>Character encoding overrides</caption>
1413: <thead><tr><th> Input encoding </th><th> Replacement encoding </th><th> References
1414: </th></tr></thead><tbody><!-- how about EUC-JP? --><tr><td> EUC-KR </td><td> windows-949 </td><td>
1415: <a href="references.html#refsEUCKR">[EUCKR]</a>
1416: <a href="references.html#refsWIN949">[WIN949]</a>
1417: </td></tr><tr><td> GB2312 </td><td> GBK </td><td>
1418: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1419: <a href="references.html#refsGBK">[GBK]</a>
1420: </td></tr><tr><td> GB_2312-80 </td><td> GBK </td><td>
1421: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1422: <a href="references.html#refsGBK">[GBK]</a>
1423: </td></tr><tr><td> ISO-8859-1 </td><td> windows-1252 </td><td>
1424: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1425: <a href="references.html#refsWIN1252">[WIN1252]</a>
1426: </td></tr><tr><td> ISO-8859-9 </td><td> windows-1254 </td><td>
1427: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1428: <a href="references.html#refsWIN1254">[WIN1254]</a>
1429: </td></tr><tr><td> ISO-8859-11 </td><td> windows-874 </td><td>
1430: <a href="references.html#refsISO885911">[ISO885911]</a>
1431: <a href="references.html#refsWIN874">[WIN874]</a>
1432: </td></tr><tr><td> KS_C_5601-1987 </td><td> windows-949 </td><td>
1433: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1434: <a href="references.html#refsWIN949">[WIN949]</a>
1435: </td></tr><tr><td> Shift_JIS </td><td> windows-31J </td><td>
1436: <a href="references.html#refsSHIFTJIS">[SHIFTJIS]</a>
1437: <a href="references.html#refsWIN31J">[WIN31J]</a>
1438: </td></tr><tr><td> TIS-620 </td><td> windows-874 </td><td>
1439: <a href="references.html#refsTIS620">[TIS620]</a>
1440: <a href="references.html#refsWIN874">[WIN874]</a>
1441: </td></tr><tr><td> US-ASCII </td><td> windows-1252 </td><td>
1442: <a href="references.html#refsRFC1345">[RFC1345]</a>
1443: <a href="references.html#refsWIN1252">[WIN1252]</a>
1444: </td></tr></tbody></table><p class="note">The requirement to treat certain encodings as other
1445: encodings according to the table above is a <a href="introduction.html#willful-violation">willful
1446: violation</a> of the W3C Character Model specification, motivated
1447: by a desire for compatibility with legacy content. <a href="references.html#refsCHARMOD">[CHARMOD]</a></p>
1448:
1449: <p>When a user agent is to use the UTF-16 encoding but no BOM has
1450: been found, user agents must default to UTF-16LE.</p>
1451:
1452: <p class="note">The requirement to default UTF-16 to LE rather than
1453: BE is a <a href="introduction.html#willful-violation">willful violation</a> of RFC 2781, motivated by a
1454: desire for compatibility with legacy content. <a href="references.html#refsCHARMOD">[CHARMOD]</a></p>
1455:
1456: <hr><p>User agents must not support the CESU-8, UTF-7, BOCU-1 and SCSU
1457: encodings. <a href="references.html#refsCESU8">[CESU8]</a> <a href="references.html#refsUTF7">[UTF7]</a> <a href="references.html#refsBOCU1">[BOCU1]</a> <a href="references.html#refsSCSU">[SCSU]</a></p>
1458:
1459: <p>Support for encodings based on EBCDIC is not recommended. This
1460: encoding is rarely used for publicly-facing Web content.</p>
1461:
1462: <p>Support for UTF-32 is not recommended. This encoding is rarely
1463: used, and frequently implemented incorrectly.</p>
1464:
1465: <p class="note">This specification does not make any attempt to
1466: support EBCDIC-based encodings and UTF-32 in its algorithms; support
1467: and use of these encodings can thus lead to unexpected behavior in
1468: implementations of this specification.</p>
1469:
1470:
1471:
1472: <h5 id="preprocessing-the-input-stream"><span class="secno">9.2.2.3 </span>Preprocessing the input stream</h5>
1.1 mike 1473:
1474: <p>Given an encoding, the bytes in the input stream must be
1475: converted to Unicode characters for the tokenizer, as described by
1476: the rules for that encoding, except that the leading U+FEFF BYTE
1477: ORDER MARK character, if any, must not be stripped by the encoding
1478: layer (it is stripped by the rule below).</p> <!-- this is to
1479: prevent two leading BOMs from being both stripped, once by the
1480: decoder, and once by the parser -->
1481:
1482: <p>Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte stream that
1.393 mike 1483: could not be converted to Unicode code points must be converted to
1484: U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs.</p>
1.1 mike 1485:
1486: <p class="note">Bytes or sequences of bytes in the original byte
1487: stream that did not conform to the encoding specification
1488: (e.g. invalid UTF-8 byte sequences in a UTF-8 input stream) are
1489: errors that conformance checkers are expected to report.</p>
1490:
1.438 mike 1491: <p>Any byte or sequence of bytes in the original byte stream that is
1492: <a href="#misinterpreted-for-compatibility">misinterpreted for compatibility</a> is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 1493: error</a>.</p>
1494:
1495: <p>One leading U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK character must be ignored if
1496: any are present.</p>
1497:
1.300 mike 1498: <p class="note">The requirement to strip a U+FEFF BYTE ORDER MARK
1499: character regardless of whether that character was used to determine
1500: the byte order is a <a href="introduction.html#willful-violation">willful violation</a> of Unicode,
1501: motivated by a desire to increase the resilience of user agents in
1502: the face of naïve transcoders.</p>
1503:
1.316 mike 1504: <p>All U+0000 NULL characters and code points in the range U+D800 to
1.315 mike 1505: U+DFFF<!-- surrogates not allowed e.g. in UTF-8, and we don't want
1506: them to suddenly turn into codepoints when they go through a UTF-16
1507: pipe --> in the input must be replaced by U+FFFD REPLACEMENT
1.316 mike 1508: CHARACTERs. Any occurrences of such characters and code points are
1509: <a href="#parse-error" title="parse error">parse errors</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 1510:
1511: <p>Any occurrences of any characters in the ranges U+0001 to U+0008,
1512: <!-- HT, LF allowed --> <!-- U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF,
1513: CR allowed --> U+000E to U+001F, <!-- ASCII allowed --> U+007F
1.315 mike 1514: <!--to U+0084, (U+0085 NEL not allowed), U+0086--> to U+009F, U+FDD0
1515: to U+FDEF, and characters U+000B, U+FFFE, U+FFFF, U+1FFFE, U+1FFFF,
1516: U+2FFFE, U+2FFFF, U+3FFFE, U+3FFFF, U+4FFFE, U+4FFFF, U+5FFFE,
1517: U+5FFFF, U+6FFFE, U+6FFFF, U+7FFFE, U+7FFFF, U+8FFFE, U+8FFFF,
1518: U+9FFFE, U+9FFFF, U+AFFFE, U+AFFFF, U+BFFFE, U+BFFFF, U+CFFFE,
1519: U+CFFFF, U+DFFFE, U+DFFFF, U+EFFFE, U+EFFFF, U+FFFFE, U+FFFFF,
1520: U+10FFFE, and U+10FFFF are <a href="#parse-error" title="parse error">parse
1.316 mike 1521: errors</a>. These are all control characters or permanently
1522: undefined Unicode characters (noncharacters).</p>
1.1 mike 1523:
1524: <p>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) characters and U+000A LINE FEED (LF)
1525: characters are treated specially. Any CR characters that are
1526: followed by LF characters must be removed, and any CR characters not
1527: followed by LF characters must be converted to LF characters. Thus,
1528: newlines in HTML DOMs are represented by LF characters, and there
1529: are never any CR characters in the input to the
1530: <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage.</p>
1531:
1532: <p>The <dfn id="next-input-character">next input character</dfn> is the first character in the
1533: input stream that has not yet been <dfn id="consumed">consumed</dfn>. Initially,
1534: the <i><a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a></i> is the first character in the
1535: input. The <dfn id="current-input-character">current input character</dfn> is the last character
1536: to have been <i><a href="#consumed">consumed</a></i>.</p>
1537:
1538: <p>The <dfn id="insertion-point">insertion point</dfn> is the position (just before a
1539: character or just before the end of the input stream) where content
1.159 mike 1540: inserted using <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> is actually
1.1 mike 1541: inserted. The insertion point is relative to the position of the
1542: character immediately after it, it is not an absolute offset into
1543: the input stream. Initially, the insertion point is
1.10 mike 1544: undefined.</p>
1.1 mike 1545:
1546: <p>The "EOF" character in the tables below is a conceptual character
1547: representing the end of the <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a>. If the parser
1.159 mike 1548: is a <a href="embedded-content-0.html#script-created-parser">script-created parser</a>, then the end of the
1.1 mike 1549: <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a> is reached when an <dfn id="explicit-eof-character">explicit "EOF"
1.159 mike 1550: character</dfn> (inserted by the <code title="dom-document-close"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-close">document.close()</a></code> method) is
1.1 mike 1551: consumed. Otherwise, the "EOF" character is not a real character in
1552: the stream, but rather the lack of any further characters.</p>
1553:
1554:
1.237 mike 1555: <h5 id="changing-the-encoding-while-parsing"><span class="secno">9.2.2.4 </span>Changing the encoding while parsing</h5>
1.1 mike 1556:
1557: <p>When the parser requires the user agent to <dfn id="change-the-encoding">change the
1558: encoding</dfn>, it must run the following steps. This might happen
1559: if the <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</a> described above
1560: failed to find an encoding, or if it found an encoding that was not
1561: the actual encoding of the file.</p>
1562:
1563: <ol><li>If the new encoding is identical or equivalent to the encoding
1564: that is already being used to interpret the input stream, then set
1565: the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1566: <i>certain</i> and abort these steps. This happens when the
1567: encoding information found in the file matches what the
1568: <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding sniffing algorithm</a> determined to be the
1569: encoding, and in the second pass through the parser if the first
1570: pass found that the encoding sniffing algorithm described in the
1571: earlier section failed to find the right encoding.</li>
1572:
1573: <li>If the encoding that is already being used to interpret the
1574: input stream is a UTF-16 encoding, then set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1575: <i>certain</i> and abort these steps. The new encoding is ignored;
1576: if it was anything but the same encoding, then it would be clearly
1577: incorrect.</li>
1578:
1579: <li>If the new encoding is a UTF-16 encoding, change it to
1580: UTF-8.</li>
1581:
1582: <li>If all the bytes up to the last byte converted by the current
1583: decoder have the same Unicode interpretations in both the current
1584: encoding and the new encoding, and if the user agent supports
1585: changing the converter on the fly, then the user agent may change
1586: to the new converter for the encoding on the fly. Set the
1587: <a href="dom.html#document-s-character-encoding">document's character encoding</a> and the encoding used to
1588: convert the input stream to the new encoding, set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1589: <i>certain</i>, and abort these steps.</li>
1590:
1591: <li>Otherwise, <a href="history.html#navigate">navigate</a> to the document again, with
1592: <a href="history.html#replacement-enabled">replacement enabled</a>, and using the same <a href="history.html#source-browsing-context">source
1593: browsing context</a>, but this time skip the <a href="#encoding-sniffing-algorithm">encoding
1594: sniffing algorithm</a> and instead just set the encoding to the
1595: new encoding and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1596: <i>certain</i>. Whenever possible, this should be done without
1597: actually contacting the network layer (the bytes should be
1598: re-parsed from memory), even if, e.g., the document is marked as
1599: not being cacheable. If this is not possible and contacting the
1600: network layer would involve repeating a request that uses a method
1601: other than HTTP GET (<a href="infrastructure.html#concept-http-equivalent-get" title="concept-http-equivalent-get">or
1602: equivalent</a> for non-HTTP URLs), then instead set the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> to
1603: <i>certain</i> and ignore the new encoding. The resource will be
1604: misinterpreted. User agents may notify the user of the situation,
1605: to aid in application development.</li>
1606:
1.266 mike 1607: </ol></div><div class="impl">
1608:
1609: <h4 id="parse-state"><span class="secno">9.2.3 </span>Parse state</h4>
1.1 mike 1610:
1611: <h5 id="the-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.3.1 </span>The insertion mode</h5>
1612:
1613: <p>The <dfn id="insertion-mode">insertion mode</dfn> is a state variable that controls
1614: the primary operation of the tree construction stage.</p>
1615:
1616: <p>Initially, the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-initial-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: initial">initial</a>". It can change to
1617: "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>",
1618: "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>",
1619: "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</a>",
1.91 mike 1620: "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>",
1.1 mike 1621: "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>",
1622: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</a>",
1623: "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in
1624: table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in
1625: foreign content</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion mode: after
1626: body">after body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in
1627: frameset">in frameset</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion mode: after
1628: frameset">after frameset</a>", "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode:
1629: after after body">after after body</a>", and "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after
1630: frameset</a>" during the course of the parsing, as described in
1631: the <a href="#tree-construction">tree construction</a> stage. The insertion mode affects
1632: how tokens are processed and whether CDATA sections are
1633: supported.</p>
1634:
1635: <p>Seven of these modes, namely "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in
1636: head">in head</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
1637: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in
1638: table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
1639: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>",
1640: "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>", and "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>", are special, in
1641: that the other modes defer to them at various times. When the
1642: algorithm below says that the user agent is to do something
1643: "<dfn id="using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</dfn> the <var title="">m</var> insertion
1644: mode", where <var title="">m</var> is one of these modes, the user
1645: agent must use the rules described under the <var title="">m</var>
1646: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>'s section, but must leave the
1647: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> unchanged unless the rules in <var title="">m</var> themselves switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
1648: to a new value.</p>
1649:
1650: <p>When the insertion mode is switched to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion
1.91 mike 1651: mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>" or "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>", the
1.1 mike 1652: <dfn id="original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</dfn> is also set. This is the
1653: insertion mode to which the tree construction stage will return.</p>
1654:
1655: <p>When the insertion mode is switched to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion
1656: mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</a>", the
1657: <dfn id="secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</dfn> is also set. This secondary mode
1658: is used within the rules for the "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
1659: foreign content">in foreign content</a>" mode to handle HTML
1660: (i.e. not foreign) content.</p>
1661:
1662: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">reset the insertion
1663: mode appropriately</dfn>, it means the UA must follow these
1664: steps:</p>
1665:
1666: <ol><li>Let <var title="">last</var> be false.</li>
1667:
1668: <li>Let <var title="">node</var> be the last node in the
1669: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</li>
1670:
1671: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is the first node in the stack of
1672: open elements, then set <var title="">last</var> to true and set
1673: <var title="">node</var> to the <var title="">context</var>
1674: element. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1675:
1676: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element,
1677: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>" and abort these
1678: steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1679:
1680: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> or
1681: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element and <var title="">last</var> is false, then
1682: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion
1683: mode: in cell">in cell</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1684:
1685: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then
1686: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
1687: mode: in row">in row</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1688:
1689: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>,
1690: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, then switch the
1691: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in
1692: table body">in table body</a>" and abort these steps.</li>
1693:
1694: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> element,
1695: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>" and abort
1696: these steps.</li>
1697:
1698: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element,
1699: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>" and
1700: abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1701:
1702: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element,
1703: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" and abort these
1704: steps.</li>
1705:
1706: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is an element from the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML
1707: namespace</a> or the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>, then switch the
1708: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
1709: foreign content">in foreign content</a>", let the
1710: <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion
1711: mode: in body">in body</a>", and abort these steps.</li>
1712:
1.159 mike 1713: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element,
1.1 mike 1714: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" ("<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>"! <em> not "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>"</em>!) and abort
1715: these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li> <!-- This is only
1716: here for now in case people think that the spec accidentally
1717: omitted it and try to "fix" it. Note that noscript-in-head is also
1718: handled this way. This is all intentional. The only thing it
1719: doesn't handle is the scripting-disabled fragment parsing case for
1720: a <head> element containing a <noscript> which itself contains
1721: something other than a <link> or a <style> element; you'd expect
1722: that to break out of the <noscript> but it doesn't. This is an edge
1723: case that doesn't affect the spec, since the algorithm for fragment
1724: parsing is only used for innerHTML/outerHTML/insertAdjacentHTML(),
1.333 mike 1725: where we know scripting is enabled. -->
1.1 mike 1726:
1.159 mike 1727: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element,
1.1 mike 1728: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and abort these
1729: steps.</li>
1730:
1.5 mike 1731: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element,
1.1 mike 1732: then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>" and abort
1733: these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</li>
1734:
1.159 mike 1735: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element,
1.333 mike 1736: then <!--: if the <span><code title="">head</code> element
1737: pointer</span> is null,--> switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
1738: to "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before
1739: head</a>"<!--, otherwise, switch the <span>insertion mode</span>
1740: to "<span title="insertion mode: after head">after head</span>".-->
1741: Then, <!-- in either case, --> abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1742: case</a>)</li> <!-- if the head element pointer can ever be
1743: non-null when we're going through these steps, we'll need to
1744: uncomment out the commented-out bits -->
1.1 mike 1745:
1746: <li>If <var title="">last</var> is true, then switch the
1747: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in
1748: body">in body</a>" and abort these steps. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1749: case</a>)</li>
1750:
1751: <li>Let <var title="">node</var> now be the node before <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1752: elements</a>.</li>
1753:
1754: <li>Return to step 3.</li>
1755:
1756: </ol><h5 id="the-stack-of-open-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.3.2 </span>The stack of open elements</h5>
1757:
1758: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</dfn> is empty. The
1759: stack grows downwards; the topmost node on the stack is the first
1760: one added to the stack, and the bottommost node of the stack is the
1761: most recently added node in the stack (notwithstanding when the
1762: stack is manipulated in a random access fashion as part of <a href="#adoptionAgency">the handling for misnested tags</a>).</p>
1763:
1764: <p>The "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before
1765: html</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> creates the
1.159 mike 1766: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> root element node, which is then added to the
1.1 mike 1767: stack.</p>
1768:
1769: <p>In the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.159 mike 1770: elements</a> is initialized to contain an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>
1.1 mike 1771: element that is created as part of <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm" title="html fragment
1772: parsing algorithm">that algorithm</a>. (The <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1773: case</a> skips the "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before
1774: html">before html</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.)</p>
1775:
1.159 mike 1776: <p>The <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> node, however it is created, is the topmost
1.1 mike 1777: node of the stack. It never gets popped off the stack.</p>
1778:
1779: <p>The <dfn id="current-node">current node</dfn> is the bottommost node in this
1780: stack.</p>
1781:
1782: <p>The <dfn id="current-table">current table</dfn> is the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
1783: element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, if there is
1784: one. If there is no <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
1785: open elements</a> (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), then the
1786: <a href="#current-table">current table</a> is the first element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
1.159 mike 1787: of open elements</a> (the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element).</p>
1.1 mike 1788:
1789: <p>Elements in the stack fall into the following categories:</p>
1790:
1791: <dl><dt><dfn id="special">Special</dfn></dt>
1792:
1793: <dd><p>The following HTML elements have varying levels of special
1794: parsing rules: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>,
1795: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-article-element">article</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-aside-element">aside</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1796: <code><a href="obsolete.html#basefont">basefont</a></code>, <code>bgsound</code>,
1.159 mike 1797: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-blockquote-element">blockquote</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1798: <code><a href="obsolete.html#center">center</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code>,
1.86 mike 1799: <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-command">command</a></code>, <!--v2DDATAGRID--><code>datagrid</code>,
1.422 mike 1800: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#the-details-element">details</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#dir">dir</a></code>,
1801: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dl-element">dl</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code>,
1802: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-fieldset-element">fieldset</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-figure-element">figure</a></code>,
1803: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-footer-element">footer</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code>,
1804: <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h1</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h2</a></code>,
1805: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h3</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h4</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h5</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-h1-h2-h3-h4-h5-and-h6-elements">h6</a></code>,
1806: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-header-element">header</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hgroup-element">hgroup</a></code>,
1807: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <!-- <code>image</code>,
1808: (commented out because this isn't an element that can end up on the
1809: stack, so it doesn't matter) --> <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>,
1810: <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#isindex-0">isindex</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code>,
1811: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#listing">listing</a></code>, <code><a href="interactive-elements.html#menus">menu</a></code>,
1812: <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-nav-element">nav</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>,
1813: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code>,
1814: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code>,
1815: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-section-element">section</a></code>,
1816: <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#spacer">spacer</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>,
1817: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>,
1818: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element-0">title</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>,
1819: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code>, <code>wbr</code>, and <code><a href="obsolete.html#xmp">xmp</a></code>.</p></dd>
1.1 mike 1820:
1821: <dt><dfn id="scoping">Scoping</dfn></dt>
1822: <dd><p>The following HTML elements introduce new <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
1823: an element in scope">scopes</a> for various parts of the
1.5 mike 1824: parsing: <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-button-element">button</a></code>,
1.159 mike 1825: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code>,
1826: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code>,
1.1 mike 1827: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code>, and SVG's <code>foreignObject</code>.</p></dd>
1828:
1829: <dt><dfn id="formatting">Formatting</dfn></dt>
1830: <dd><p>The following HTML elements are those that end up in the
1831: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>,
1.5 mike 1832: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#big">big</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-code-element">code</a></code>,
1833: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-em-element">em</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#font">font</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>,
1834: <code>nobr</code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#s">s</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-small-element">small</a></code>,
1835: <code><a href="obsolete.html#strike">strike</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-strong-element">strong</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#tt">tt</a></code>, and
1836: <code><a href="obsolete.html#u">u</a></code>.</p></dd>
1.1 mike 1837:
1838: <dt><dfn id="phrasing">Phrasing</dfn></dt>
1839: <dd><p>All other elements found while parsing an HTML
1840: document.</p></dd>
1841:
1.234 mike 1842: </dl><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope" title="has an element in the specific scope">have an element in a
1843: specific scope</dfn> consisting of a list of element types <var title="">list</var> when the following algorithm terminates in a
1844: match state:</p>
1.1 mike 1845:
1846: <ol><li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
1847: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
1848:
1849: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is the target node, terminate in
1850: a match state.</p></li>
1851:
1.234 mike 1852: <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is one of the element
1853: types in <var title="">list</var>, terminate in a failure
1854: state.</p></li>
1.1 mike 1855:
1856: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
1857: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to step
1858: 2. (This will never fail, since the loop will always terminate in
1859: the previous step if the top of the stack — an
1.159 mike 1860: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element — is reached.)</p></li>
1.1 mike 1861:
1.234 mike 1862: </ol><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</dfn> when
1863: it <a href="#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope">has an element in the specific scope</a> consisting
1864: of the following element types:</p>
1865:
1866: <ul class="brief"><li><code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1867: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1868: <li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li> <!-- (This can only happen if the <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
1869: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1870: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1871: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1872: <li><code><a href="forms.html#the-button-element">button</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1873: <li><code><a href="obsolete.html#the-marquee-element">marquee</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1874: <li><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1875: <li><code title="">foreignObject</code> in the SVG namespace</li>
1876: </ul><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-list-item-scope" title="has an element in list item scope">have an element in list
1877: item scope</dfn> when it <a href="#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope">has an element in the specific
1878: scope</a> consisting of the following element types:</p>
1879:
1880: <ul class="brief"><li>All the element types listed above for the <i><a href="#has-an-element-in-scope">has an element
1881: in scope</a></i> algorithm.</li>
1882: <li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-ol-element">ol</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1883: <li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1884: </ul><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is said to <dfn id="has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in <em>table
1885: scope</em></dfn> when it <a href="#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope">has an element in the specific
1886: scope</a> consisting of the following element types:</p>
1887:
1888: <ul class="brief"><li><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li> <!-- (This can only happen if the <var title="">node</var> is the topmost node of the <span>stack of open elements</span>, and prevents the next step from being invoked if there are no more elements in the stack.) -->
1889: <li><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> in the HTML namespace</li>
1890: </ul><p>Nothing happens if at any time any of the elements in the
1.1 mike 1891: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> are moved to a new location in,
1892: or removed from, the <code>Document</code> tree. In particular, the
1893: stack is not changed in this situation. This can cause, amongst
1894: other strange effects, content to be appended to nodes that are no
1895: longer in the DOM.</p>
1896:
1897: <p class="note">In some cases (namely, when <a href="#adoptionAgency">closing misnested formatting elements</a>),
1898: the stack is manipulated in a random-access fashion.</p>
1899:
1900:
1901: <h5 id="the-list-of-active-formatting-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.3.3 </span>The list of active formatting elements</h5>
1902:
1903: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</dfn> is
1904: empty. It is used to handle mis-nested <a href="#formatting" title="formatting">formatting element tags</a>.</p>
1905:
1906: <p>The list contains elements in the <a href="#formatting">formatting</a>
1907: category, and scope markers. The scope markers are inserted when
1.159 mike 1908: entering <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code> elements, buttons, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-object-element">object</a></code>
1.1 mike 1909: elements, marquees, table cells, and table captions, and are used to
1.5 mike 1910: prevent formatting from "leaking" <em>into</em> <code><a href="obsolete.html#the-applet-element">applet</a></code>
1.159 mike 1911: elements, buttons, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-object-element">object</a></code> elements, marquees, and
1.1 mike 1912: tables.</p>
1913:
1914: <p class="note">The scope markers are unrelated to the concept of an
1915: element being <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">in
1916: scope</a>.</p>
1917:
1918: <p>In addition, each element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1919: elements</a> is associated with the token for which it was
1920: created, so that further elements can be created for that token if
1921: necessary.</p>
1922:
1923: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">reconstruct the
1924: active formatting elements</dfn>, the UA must perform the following
1925: steps:</p>
1926:
1927: <ol><li>If there are no entries in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1928: elements</a>, then there is nothing to reconstruct; stop this
1929: algorithm.</li>
1930:
1931: <li>If the last (most recently added) entry in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
1932: active formatting elements</a> is a marker, or if it is an
1933: element that is in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, then
1934: there is nothing to reconstruct; stop this algorithm.</li>
1935:
1936: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added)
1937: element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1938: elements</a>.</li>
1939:
1940: <li>If there are no entries before <var title="">entry</var> in the
1941: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>, then jump to step
1942: 8.</li>
1943:
1944: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the entry one earlier than
1945: <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1946: elements</a>.</li>
1947:
1948: <li>If <var title="">entry</var> is neither a marker nor an element
1949: that is also in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, go to step
1950: 4.</li>
1951:
1952: <li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the element one later than
1953: <var title="">entry</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
1954: elements</a>.</li>
1955:
1956: <li><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
1957: element <var title="">entry</var> was created, to obtain <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
1958:
1959: <li>Append <var title="">new element</var> to the <a href="#current-node">current
1960: node</a> and push it onto the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1961: elements</a> so that it is the new <a href="#current-node">current
1962: node</a>.</li>
1963:
1964: <li>Replace the entry for <var title="">entry</var> in the list
1965: with an entry for <var title="">new element</var>.</li>
1966:
1967: <li>If the entry for <var title="">new element</var> in the
1968: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> is not the last
1969: entry in the list, return to step 7.</li>
1970:
1971: </ol><p>This has the effect of reopening all the formatting elements that
1972: were opened in the current body, cell, or caption (whichever is
1973: youngest) that haven't been explicitly closed.</p>
1974:
1975: <p class="note">The way this specification is written, the
1976: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> always consists of
1977: elements in chronological order with the least recently added
1978: element first and the most recently added element last (except for
1979: while steps 8 to 11 of the above algorithm are being executed, of
1980: course).</p>
1981:
1982: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">clear the list of
1983: active formatting elements up to the last marker</dfn>, the UA must
1984: perform the following steps:</p>
1985:
1986: <ol><li>Let <var title="">entry</var> be the last (most recently added)
1987: entry in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>.</li>
1988:
1989: <li>Remove <var title="">entry</var> from the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
1990: formatting elements</a>.</li>
1991:
1992: <li>If <var title="">entry</var> was a marker, then stop the
1993: algorithm at this point. The list has been cleared up to the last
1994: marker.</li>
1995:
1996: <li>Go to step 1.</li>
1997:
1998: </ol><h5 id="the-element-pointers"><span class="secno">9.2.3.4 </span>The element pointers</h5>
1999:
2000: <p>Initially, the <dfn id="head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element
2001: pointer</dfn> and the <dfn id="form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element
2002: pointer</dfn> are both null.</p>
2003:
1.159 mike 2004: <p>Once a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element has been parsed (whether
1.1 mike 2005: implicitly or explicitly) the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code>
2006: element pointer</a> gets set to point to this node.</p>
2007:
2008: <p>The <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a>
2009: points to the last <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element that was opened and
2010: whose end tag has not yet been seen. It is used to make form
2011: controls associate with forms in the face of dramatically bad
2012: markup, for historical reasons.</p>
2013:
2014:
2015: <h5 id="other-parsing-state-flags"><span class="secno">9.2.3.5 </span>Other parsing state flags</h5>
2016:
2017: <p>The <dfn id="scripting-flag">scripting flag</dfn> is set to "enabled" if <a href="browsers.html#concept-n-script" title="concept-n-script">scripting was enabled</a> for the
2018: <code>Document</code> with which the parser is associated when the
2019: parser was created, and "disabled" otherwise.</p>
2020:
2021: <p class="note">The <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> can be enabled even
2022: when the parser was originally created for the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment
2023: parsing algorithm</a>, even though <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> elements
2024: don't execute in that case.</p>
2025:
2026: <p>The <dfn id="frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</dfn> is set to "ok" when the parser is
2027: created. It is set to "not ok" after certain tokens are seen.</p>
2028:
1.266 mike 2029: </div><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 2030:
1.159 mike 2031: <h4 id="tokenization"><span class="secno">9.2.4 </span><dfn>Tokenization</dfn></h4><p class="XXX annotation"><b>Status: </b><i>Last call for comments</i></p>
1.1 mike 2032:
2033: <p>Implementations must act as if they used the following state
2034: machine to tokenize HTML. The state machine must start in the
2035: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>. Most states consume a single character,
2036: which may have various side-effects, and either switches the state
2037: machine to a new state to <em>reconsume</em> the same character, or
2038: switches it to a new state (to consume the next character), or
2039: repeats the same state (to consume the next character). Some states
2040: have more complicated behavior and can consume several characters
2041: before switching to another state.</p>
2042:
2043: <p>The exact behavior of certain states depends on a <dfn id="content-model-flag">content
2044: model flag</dfn> that is set after certain tokens are emitted. The
1.91 mike 2045: flag has several states: <i title="">PCDATA</i>, <i title="">RCDATA</i>, <i title="">RAWTEXT</i>, and <i title="">PLAINTEXT</i>. Initially, it must be in the PCDATA
2046: state. In the RCDATA and RAWTEXT states, a further <dfn id="escape-flag">escape
1.1 mike 2047: flag</dfn> is used to control the behavior of the tokenizer. It is
2048: either true or false, and initially must be set to the false
2049: state. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
2050: elements</a> also affects tokenization.</p>
2051:
2052: <p>The output of the tokenization step is a series of zero or more
2053: of the following tokens: DOCTYPE, start tag, end tag, comment,
2054: character, end-of-file. DOCTYPE tokens have a name, a public
2055: identifier, a system identifier, and a <i>force-quirks
2056: flag</i>. When a DOCTYPE token is created, its name, public
2057: identifier, and system identifier must be marked as missing (which
2058: is a distinct state from the empty string), and the <i>force-quirks
2059: flag</i> must be set to <i>off</i> (its other state is
2060: <i>on</i>). Start and end tag tokens have a tag name, a
2061: <i>self-closing flag</i>, and a list of attributes, each of which
2062: has a name and a value. When a start or end tag token is created,
2063: its <i>self-closing flag</i> must be unset (its other state is that
2064: it be set), and its attributes list must be empty. Comment and
2065: character tokens have data.</p>
2066:
2067: <p>When a token is emitted, it must immediately be handled by the
2068: <a href="#tree-construction">tree construction</a> stage. The tree construction stage
2069: can affect the state of the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>, and can
2070: insert additional characters into the stream. (For example, the
2071: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element can result in scripts executing and
1.159 mike 2072: using the <a href="embedded-content-0.html#dynamic-markup-insertion">dynamic markup insertion</a> APIs to insert
1.1 mike 2073: characters into the stream being tokenized.)</p>
2074:
2075: <p>When a start tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing
2076: flag</i> set, if the flag is not <dfn id="acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge
2077: self-closing flag">acknowledged</dfn> when it is processed by the
2078: tree construction stage, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
2079:
2080: <p>When an end tag token is emitted, the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2081: flag</a> must be switched to the PCDATA state.</p>
2082:
2083: <p>When an end tag token is emitted with attributes, that is a
2084: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
2085:
2086: <p>When an end tag token is emitted with its <i>self-closing
2087: flag</i> set, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
2088:
2089: <p>Before each step of the tokenizer, the user agent must first
2090: check the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a>. If it is true, then the
2091: tokenizer must abort the processing of any nested invocations of the
2092: tokenizer, yielding control back to the caller. If it is false, then
2093: the user agent may then check to see if either one of the scripts in
2094: the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts that will execute as soon as
2095: possible</a> or the first script in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts
2096: that will execute asynchronously</a>, has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
2097: loading</a>. If one has, then it must be <a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a
2098: script block">executed</a> and removed from its list.</p>
2099:
2100: <p>The tokenizer state machine consists of the states defined in the
2101: following subsections.</p>
2102:
1.333 mike 2103: <!-- Order of the lists below is supposed to be non-error then
2104: error, by unicode, then EOF, ending with "anything else" -->
1.1 mike 2105:
2106: <h5 id="data-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.1 </span><dfn>Data state</dfn></h5>
2107:
2108: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2109:
2110: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2111: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to one of the
2112: PCDATA or RCDATA states and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a> is
1.299 mike 2113: false: switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-data-state">character reference in data
1.56 mike 2114: state</a>.</dd>
2115: <dd>Otherwise: treat it as per the "anything else" entry
2116: below.</dd>
1.1 mike 2117:
2118: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2119: <dd>
2120:
2121: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1.91 mike 2122: RCDATA state or the RAWTEXT state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
1.1 mike 2123: is false, and there are at least three characters before this
2124: one in the input stream, and the last four characters in the
2125: input stream, including this one, are U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN,
2126: U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, and U+002D
2127: HYPHEN-MINUS ("<!--"), then set the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
2128: to true.</p>
2129:
2130: <p>In any case, emit the input character as a character
2131: token. Stay in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2132:
2133: </dd>
2134:
2135: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2136: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the PCDATA
2137: state: switch to the <a href="#tag-open-state">tag open state</a>.</dd>
2138: <dd>When the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1.91 mike 2139: RCDATA state or the RAWTEXT state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a>
1.1 mike 2140: is false: switch to the <a href="#tag-open-state">tag open state</a>.</dd>
2141: <dd>Otherwise: treat it as per the "anything else" entry
2142: below.</dd>
2143:
2144: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2145: <dd>
2146:
2147: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to either the
1.91 mike 2148: RCDATA state or the RAWTEXT state, and the <a href="#escape-flag">escape
1.1 mike 2149: flag</a> is true, and the last three characters in the input
2150: stream including this one are U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D
2151: HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN ("-->"), set the
2152: <a href="#escape-flag">escape flag</a> to false.</p> <!-- no need to check
2153: that there are enough characters, since you can only run into
2154: this if the flag is true in the first place, which requires four
2155: characters. -->
2156:
2157: <p>In any case, emit the input character as a character
2158: token. Stay in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2159:
2160: </dd>
2161:
2162: <dt>EOF</dt>
2163: <dd>Emit an end-of-file token.</dd>
2164:
2165: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2166: <dd>Emit the input character as a character token. Stay in the
2167: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2168:
1.299 mike 2169: </dl><h5 id="character-reference-in-data-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.2 </span><dfn>Character reference in data state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 2170:
2171: <p><i>(This cannot happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>
1.91 mike 2172: is set to the RAWTEXT state.)</i></p>
1.1 mike 2173:
2174: <p>Attempt to <a href="#consume-a-character-reference">consume a character reference</a>, with no
2175: <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>.</p>
2176:
2177: <p>If nothing is returned, emit a U+0026 AMPERSAND character
2178: token.</p>
2179:
2180: <p>Otherwise, emit the character token that was returned.</p>
2181:
2182: <p>Finally, switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2183:
2184:
2185: <h5 id="tag-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.3 </span><dfn>Tag open state</dfn></h5>
2186:
2187: <p>The behavior of this state depends on the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2188: flag</a>.</p>
2189:
2190: <dl><dt>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA
1.91 mike 2191: or RAWTEXT states</dt>
1.1 mike 2192:
2193: <dd>
2194:
2195: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>. If it is a
1.464 mike 2196: U+002F SOLIDUS character (/), switch to the <a href="#close-tag-open-state">close tag open
1.1 mike 2197: state</a>. Otherwise, emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character
2198: token and reconsume the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> in the
2199: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2200:
2201: </dd>
2202:
2203: <dt>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the PCDATA
2204: state</dt>
2205:
2206: <dd>
2207:
2208: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2209:
2210: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
2211: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#markup-declaration-open-state">markup declaration open state</a>.</dd>
2212:
2213: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2214: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#close-tag-open-state">close tag open state</a>.</dd>
2215:
2216: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2217: <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the
2218: lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the
2219: character's code point), then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
2220: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
2221: be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
2222:
2223: <dt>U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A through to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</dt>
2224: <dd>Create a new start tag token, set its tag name to the input
2225: character, then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
2226: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will
2227: be filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
2228:
2229: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2230: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
2231: character token and a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN character
2232: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2233:
2234: <dt>U+003F QUESTION MARK (?)</dt>
2235: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus
2236: comment state</a>.</dd>
2237:
2238: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2239: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
2240: character token and reconsume the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> in the
2241: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2242:
2243: </dl></dd>
2244:
2245: </dl><h5 id="close-tag-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.4 </span><dfn>Close tag open state</dfn></h5>
2246:
2247: <p>If the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA or
1.91 mike 2248: RAWTEXT states but no start tag token has ever been emitted by this
1.1 mike 2249: instance of the tokenizer (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), or, if the
1.91 mike 2250: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the RCDATA or RAWTEXT states
1.1 mike 2251: and the next few characters do not match the tag name of the last
2252: start tag token emitted (compared in an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2253: case-insensitive</a> manner), or if they do but they are not
2254: immediately followed by one of the following characters:</p>
2255:
2256: <ul class="brief"><li>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</li>
2257: <li>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</li>
2258: <li>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</li>
2259: <!--<li>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</li>-->
2260: <li>U+0020 SPACE</li>
2261: <li>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</li>
2262: <li>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</li>
2263: <li>EOF</li>
2264: </ul><p>...then emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN character token, a U+002F
2265: SOLIDUS character token, and switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>
2266: to process the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>.</p>
2267:
2268: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> is set to the
2269: PCDATA state, or if the next few characters <em>do</em> match that tag
2270: name, consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2271:
2272: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2273: <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the lowercase
2274: version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the character's
2275: code point), then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name
2276: state</a>. (Don't emit the token yet; further details will be
2277: filled in before it is emitted.)</dd>
2278:
2279: <dt>U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A through to U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</dt>
2280: <dd>Create a new end tag token, set its tag name to the input
2281: character, then switch to the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>. (Don't
2282: emit the token yet; further details will be filled in before it
2283: is emitted.)</dd>
2284:
2285: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2286: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2287: state</a>.</dd>
2288:
2289: <dt>EOF</dt>
2290: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN
2291: character token and a U+002F SOLIDUS character token. Reconsume
2292: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2293:
2294: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2295: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus
2296: comment state</a>.</dd>
2297:
2298: </dl><h5 id="tag-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.5 </span><dfn>Tag name state</dfn></h5>
2299:
2300: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2301:
2302: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2303: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2304: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2305: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2306: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2307: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2308:
2309: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2310: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2311:
2312: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2313: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2314: state</a>.</dd>
2315:
2316: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2317: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2318: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point) to the current tag
2319: token's tag name. Stay in the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>.</dd>
2320:
2321: <dt>EOF</dt>
2322: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2323: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2324:
2325: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2326: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current tag token's
2327: tag name. Stay in the <a href="#tag-name-state">tag name state</a>.</dd>
2328:
2329: </dl><h5 id="before-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.6 </span><dfn>Before attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2330:
2331: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2332:
2333: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2334: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2335: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2336: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2337: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2338: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2339:
2340: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2341: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2342:
2343: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2344: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2345: state</a>.</dd>
2346:
2347: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2348: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2349: attribute's name to the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input
2350: character</a> (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), and its
2351: value to the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2352: state</a>.</dd>
2353:
2354: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2355: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2356: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2357: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2358: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2359: entry below.</dd>
2360:
2361: <dt>EOF</dt>
2362: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2363: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2364:
2365: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2366: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2367: attribute's name to the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>, and its value to
2368: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2369: state</a>.</dd>
2370:
2371: </dl><h5 id="attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.7 </span><dfn>Attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2372:
2373: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2374:
2375: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2376: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2377: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2378: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2379: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2380: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-name-state">after attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2381:
2382: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2383: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2384:
2385: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2386: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2387:
2388: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2389: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2390: state</a>.</dd>
2391:
2392: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2393: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2394: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point) to the current
2395: attribute's name. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2396: state</a>.</dd>
2397:
2398: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2399: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2400: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2401: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2402: entry below.</dd>
2403:
2404: <dt>EOF</dt>
2405: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2406: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2407:
2408: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2409: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2410: name. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2411:
2412: </dl><p>When the user agent leaves the attribute name state (and before
2413: emitting the tag token, if appropriate), the complete attribute's
2414: name must be compared to the other attributes on the same token;
2415: if there is already an attribute on the token with the exact same
2416: name, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a> and the new
2417: attribute must be dropped, along with the value that gets
2418: associated with it (if any).</p>
2419:
2420:
2421: <h5 id="after-attribute-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.8 </span><dfn>After attribute name state</dfn></h5>
2422:
2423: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2424:
2425: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2426: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2427: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2428: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2429: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2430: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-attribute-name-state">after attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2431:
2432: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2433: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2434:
2435: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
2436: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2437:
2438: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2439: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2440: state</a>.</dd>
2441:
2442: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2443: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2444: attribute's name to the lowercase version of the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>
2445: (add 0x0020 to the character's code point), and its value to
2446: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2447: state</a>.</dd>
2448:
2449: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2450: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2451: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2452: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2453: entry below.</dd>
2454:
2455: <dt>EOF</dt>
2456: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2457: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2458:
2459: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2460: <dd>Start a new attribute in the current tag token. Set that
2461: attribute's name to the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>, and its value to
2462: the empty string. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-name-state">attribute name
2463: state</a>.</dd>
2464:
2465: </dl><h5 id="before-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.9 </span><dfn>Before attribute value state</dfn></h5>
2466:
2467: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2468:
2469: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2470: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2471: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2472: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2473: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2474: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-attribute-value-state">before attribute value state</a>.</dd>
2475:
2476: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2477: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-double-quoted-state">attribute value (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2478:
2479: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2480: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted) state</a>
2481: and reconsume this input character.</dd>
2482:
2483: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2484: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-single-quoted-state">attribute value (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
2485:
2486: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2487: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the current tag token. Switch to
2488: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2489:
2490: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2491: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
1.463 mike 2492: <dt>U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT (`)</dt>
1.1 mike 2493: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2494: entry below.</dd>
2495:
2496: <dt>EOF</dt>
2497: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2498: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2499:
2500: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2501: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current
2502: attribute's value. Switch to the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted)
2503: state</a>.</dd>
2504:
2505: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.10 </span><dfn>Attribute value (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2506:
2507: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2508:
2509: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2510: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-value-quoted-state">after attribute value (quoted)
2511: state</a>.</dd>
2512:
2513: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2514: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
2515: state</a>, with the <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>
2516: being U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (").</dd>
2517:
2518: <dt>EOF</dt>
2519: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2520: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2521:
2522: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2523: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2524: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-double-quoted-state">attribute value (double-quoted)
2525: state</a>.</dd>
2526:
2527: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.11 </span><dfn>Attribute value (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2528:
2529: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2530:
2531: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2532: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-attribute-value-quoted-state">after attribute value (quoted)
2533: state</a>.</dd>
2534:
2535: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2536: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
2537: state</a>, with the <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>
2538: being U+0027 APOSTROPHE (').</dd>
2539:
2540: <dt>EOF</dt>
2541: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2542: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2543:
2544: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2545: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2546: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-single-quoted-state">attribute value (single-quoted)
2547: state</a>.</dd>
2548:
2549: </dl><h5 id="attribute-value-unquoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.12 </span><dfn>Attribute value (unquoted) state</dfn></h5>
2550:
2551: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2552:
2553: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2554: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2555: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2556: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2557: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2558: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2559:
2560: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND (&)</dt>
2561: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state">character reference in attribute value
1.299 mike 2562: state</a>, with the <a href="#additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</a>
2563: being U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>).</dd>
1.1 mike 2564:
2565: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2566: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2567: state</a>.</dd>
2568:
2569: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
2570: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
2571: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<)</dt>
2572: <dt>U+003D EQUALS SIGN (=)</dt>
1.463 mike 2573: <dt>U+0060 GRAVE ACCENT (`)</dt>
1.1 mike 2574: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Treat it as per the "anything else"
2575: entry below.</dd>
2576:
2577: <dt>EOF</dt>
2578: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2579: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2580:
2581: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2582: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current attribute's
2583: value. Stay in the <a href="#attribute-value-unquoted-state">attribute value (unquoted)
2584: state</a>.</dd>
2585:
2586: </dl><h5 id="character-reference-in-attribute-value-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.13 </span><dfn>Character reference in attribute value state</dfn></h5>
2587:
2588: <p>Attempt to <a href="#consume-a-character-reference">consume a character reference</a>.</p>
2589:
2590: <p>If nothing is returned, append a U+0026 AMPERSAND character to
2591: the current attribute's value.</p>
2592:
2593: <p>Otherwise, append the returned character token to the current
2594: attribute's value.</p>
2595:
2596: <p>Finally, switch back to the attribute value state that you were
2597: in when were switched into this state.</p>
2598:
2599:
2600: <h5 id="after-attribute-value-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.14 </span><dfn>After attribute value (quoted) state</dfn></h5>
2601:
2602: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2603:
2604: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2605: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2606: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2607: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2608: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2609: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2610:
2611: <dt>U+002F SOLIDUS (/)</dt>
2612: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#self-closing-start-tag-state">self-closing start tag state</a>.</dd>
2613:
2614: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2615: <dd>Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2616: state</a>.</dd>
2617:
2618: <dt>EOF</dt>
2619: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2620: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2621:
2622: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2623: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the character in
2624: the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2625:
2626: </dl><h5 id="self-closing-start-tag-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.15 </span><dfn>Self-closing start tag state</dfn></h5>
2627:
2628: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2629:
2630: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2631: <dd>Set the <i>self-closing flag</i> of the current tag
2632: token. Emit the current tag token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2633: state</a>.</dd>
2634:
2635: <dt>EOF</dt>
2636: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the EOF character in the
2637: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2638:
2639: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2640: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the character in
2641: the <a href="#before-attribute-name-state">before attribute name state</a>.</dd>
2642:
2643: </dl><h5 id="bogus-comment-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.16 </span><dfn>Bogus comment state</dfn></h5>
2644:
2645: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2646: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state.)</i></p>
2647:
2648: <p>Consume every character up to and including the first U+003E
2649: GREATER-THAN SIGN character (>) or the end of the file (EOF),
2650: whichever comes first. Emit a comment token whose data is the
2651: concatenation of all the characters starting from and including
2652: the character that caused the state machine to switch into the
2653: bogus comment state, up to and including the character immediately
2654: before the last consumed character (i.e. up to the character just
2655: before the U+003E or EOF character). (If the comment was started
2656: by the end of the file (EOF), the token is empty.)</p>
2657:
2658: <p>Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
2659:
2660: <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF
2661: character.</p>
2662:
2663:
2664: <h5 id="markup-declaration-open-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.17 </span><dfn>Markup declaration open state</dfn></h5>
2665:
2666: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
2667: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state.)</i></p>
2668:
2669: <p>If the next two characters are both U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2670: characters, consume those two characters, create a comment token
2671: whose data is the empty string, and switch to the <a href="#comment-start-state">comment
2672: start state</a>.</p>
2673:
2674: <p>Otherwise, if the next seven characters are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2675: case-insensitive</a> match for the word "DOCTYPE", then consume
2676: those characters and switch to the <a href="#doctype-state">DOCTYPE state</a>.</p>
2677:
2678: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
2679: content</a>" and the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element
2680: in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a> and the next seven characters are
2681: an <span>ASCII case-sensitive</span> match for the string "[CDATA["
2682: (the five uppercase letters "CDATA" with a U+005B LEFT SQUARE
2683: BRACKET character before and after), then consume those characters
1.91 mike 2684: and switch to the <a href="#cdata-section-state">CDATA section state</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 2685:
2686: <p>Otherwise, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Switch to the
2687: <a href="#bogus-comment-state">bogus comment state</a>. The next character that is
2688: consumed, if any, is the first character that will be in the
2689: comment.</p>
2690:
2691:
2692: <h5 id="comment-start-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.18 </span><dfn>Comment start state</dfn></h5>
2693:
2694: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2695:
2696: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2697: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-start-dash-state">comment start dash state</a>.</dd>
2698:
2699: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2700: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Switch to the
2701: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment in comment end state
2702: -->
2703:
2704: <dt>EOF</dt>
2705: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2706: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2707:
2708: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2709: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's
2710: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2711:
2712: </dl><h5 id="comment-start-dash-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.19 </span><dfn>Comment start dash state</dfn></h5>
2713:
2714: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2715:
2716: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2717: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a></dd>
2718:
2719: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2720: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Switch to
2721: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2722:
2723: <dt>EOF</dt>
2724: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2725: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2726: in comment end state -->
2727:
2728: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1.464 mike 2729: <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and the input
1.1 mike 2730: character to the comment token's data. Switch to the
2731: <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2732:
2733: </dl><h5 id="comment-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.20 </span><dfn id="comment">Comment state</dfn></h5>
2734:
2735: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2736:
2737: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2738: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a></dd>
2739:
2740: <dt>EOF</dt>
2741: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2742: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2743: in comment end state -->
2744:
2745: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2746: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Stay
2747: in the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2748:
2749: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-dash-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.21 </span><dfn>Comment end dash state</dfn></h5>
2750:
2751: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2752:
2753: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2754: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a></dd>
2755:
2756: <dt>EOF</dt>
2757: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume the
2758: EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see comment
2759: in comment end state -->
2760:
2761: <dt>Anything else</dt>
1.464 mike 2762: <dd>Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-) and the input
1.1 mike 2763: character to the comment token's data. Switch to the
2764: <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2765:
2766: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.22 </span><dfn>Comment end state</dfn></h5>
2767:
2768: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2769:
2770: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2771: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2772: state</a>.</dd>
2773:
2774: <dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2775: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2776: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2777: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2778: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2779: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2780: characters and the input character to the comment token's
2781: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-space-state">comment end space state</a>.</dd>
2782:
2783: <dt>U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK (!)</dt>
2784: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-bang-state">comment end bang
2785: state</a>.</dd>
2786:
1.333 mike 2787: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2788: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append a U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS
1.464 mike 2789: character (-) to the comment token's data. Stay in the
1.333 mike 2790: <a href="#comment-end-state">comment end state</a>.</dd>
2791:
1.1 mike 2792: <dt>EOF</dt>
2793: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2794: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- For
2795: security reasons: otherwise, hostile user could put a <script> in
2796: a comment e.g. in a blog comment and then DOS the server so that
2797: the end tag isn't read, and then the commented <script> tag would
2798: be treated as live code -->
2799:
2800: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2801: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)
2802: characters and the input character to the comment token's
2803: data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2804:
2805: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-bang-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.23 </span><dfn>Comment end bang state</dfn></h5>
2806:
2807: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2808:
1.333 mike 2809: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
1.1 mike 2810: <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) characters and a U+0021
1.464 mike 2811: EXCLAMATION MARK character (!) to the comment token's data. Switch
1.1 mike 2812: to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a>.</dd>
2813:
1.333 mike 2814: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2815: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2816: state</a>.</dd>
2817:
1.1 mike 2818: <dt>EOF</dt>
2819: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2820: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see
2821: comment in comment end state -->
2822:
2823: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2824: <dd>Append two U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-) characters, a U+0021
1.464 mike 2825: EXCLAMATION MARK character (!), and the input character to the
1.1 mike 2826: comment token's data. Switch to the <a href="#comment-state">comment
2827: state</a>.</dd>
2828:
2829: </dl><h5 id="comment-end-space-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.24 </span><dfn>Comment end space state</dfn></h5>
2830:
2831: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2832:
1.333 mike 2833: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
1.1 mike 2834: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2835: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2836: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2837: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2838: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Stay in
2839: the <a href="#comment-end-space-state">comment end space state</a>.</dd>
2840:
1.333 mike 2841: <dt>U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS (-)</dt>
2842: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#comment-end-dash-state">comment end dash state</a>.</dd>
2843:
2844: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2845: <dd>Emit the comment token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2846: state</a>.</dd>
2847:
1.1 mike 2848: <dt>EOF</dt>
2849: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Emit the comment token. Reconsume
2850: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd> <!-- see
2851: comment in comment end state -->
2852:
2853: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2854: <dd>Append the input character to the comment token's data. Switch
2855: to the <a href="#comment-state">comment state</a>.</dd>
2856:
2857: </dl><h5 id="doctype-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.25 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
2858:
2859: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2860:
2861: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2862: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2863: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2864: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2865: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2866: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2867:
2868: <dt>EOF</dt>
2869: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2870: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume
2871: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2872:
2873: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2874: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the current
2875: character in the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2876:
2877: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.26 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2878:
2879: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2880:
2881: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2882: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2883: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2884: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2885: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2886: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-name-state">before DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2887:
2888: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2889: <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the
2890: lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020 to the
2891: character's code point). Switch to the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name
2892: state</a>.</dd>
2893:
1.333 mike 2894: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2895: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2896: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Switch to
2897: the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2898:
1.1 mike 2899: <dt>EOF</dt>
2900: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set its
2901: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit the token. Reconsume
2902: the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2903:
2904: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2905: <dd>Create a new DOCTYPE token. Set the token's name to the
2906: <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a>. Switch to the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name
2907: state</a>.</dd>
2908:
2909: </dl><h5 id="doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.27 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2910:
2911: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2912:
2913: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2914: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2915: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2916: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2917: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2918: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-name-state">after DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2919:
2920: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2921: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2922: state</a>.</dd>
2923:
2924: <dt>U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A through to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</dt>
2925: <dd>Append the lowercase version of the input character (add 0x0020
2926: to the character's code point) to the current DOCTYPE token's
2927: name. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2928:
2929: <dt>EOF</dt>
2930: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2931: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2932: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2933:
2934: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2935: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
2936: token's name. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-name-state">DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2937:
2938: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-name-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.28 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE name state</dfn></h5>
2939:
2940: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2941:
2942: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2943: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2944: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2945: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2946: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2947: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-doctype-name-state">after DOCTYPE name state</a>.</dd>
2948:
2949: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
2950: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
2951: state</a>.</dd>
2952:
2953: <dt>EOF</dt>
2954: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2955: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2956: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2957:
2958: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2959: <dd>
2960:
2961: <p>If the six characters starting from the <a href="#current-input-character">current input
2962: character</a> are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> match
2963: for the word "PUBLIC", then consume those characters and switch to
1.444 mike 2964: the <a href="#after-doctype-public-keyword-state">after DOCTYPE public keyword state</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 2965:
2966: <p>Otherwise, if the six characters starting from the
2967: <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> are an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
2968: case-insensitive</a> match for the word "SYSTEM", then consume
1.444 mike 2969: those characters and switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-system-keyword-state">after DOCTYPE system
2970: keyword state</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 2971:
2972: <p>Otherwise, this is the <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Set the
2973: DOCTYPE token's <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to
2974: the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</p>
2975:
2976: </dd>
2977:
1.444 mike 2978: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-public-keyword-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.29 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE public keyword state</dfn></h5>
2979:
2980: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
2981:
2982: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
2983: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
2984: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
2985: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
2986: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
2987: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-doctype-public-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE public identifier
2988: state</a>.</dd>
2989:
2990: <dt>EOF</dt>
2991: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
2992: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
2993: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
2994:
2995: <dt>Anything else</dt>
2996: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the current character in
2997: the <a href="#before-doctype-public-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
2998:
2999: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.30 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3000:
3001: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3002:
3003: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3004: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3005: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3006: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3007: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3008: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-public-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
3009:
3010: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3011: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string
3012: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public identifier
3013: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3014:
3015: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3016: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's public identifier to the empty string
3017: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public identifier
3018: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3019:
3020: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3021: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3022: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3023: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3024:
3025: <dt>EOF</dt>
3026: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3027: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3028: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3029:
3030: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3031: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3032: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
3033: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
3034:
1.444 mike 3035: </dl><h5 id="doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.31 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3036:
3037: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3038:
3039: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3040: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-public-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
3041:
3042: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3043: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3044: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3045: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3046:
3047: <dt>EOF</dt>
3048: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3049: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3050: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3051:
3052: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3053: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
3054: token's public identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public
3055: identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3056:
1.444 mike 3057: </dl><h5 id="doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.32 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE public identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3058:
3059: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3060:
3061: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3062: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-public-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE public identifier state</a>.</dd>
3063:
3064: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3065: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3066: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3067: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3068:
3069: <dt>EOF</dt>
3070: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3071: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3072: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3073:
3074: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3075: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
3076: token's public identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-public-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE public
3077: identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3078:
1.444 mike 3079: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-public-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.33 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE public identifier state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3080:
3081: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3082:
3083: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3084: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3085: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3086: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3087: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
1.444 mike 3088: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state">between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a>.</dd>
3089:
3090: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3091: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
3092: state</a>.</dd>
3093:
3094: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3095: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system
3096: identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to the
3097: <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3098:
3099: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3100: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's system
3101: identifier to the empty string (not missing), then switch to the
3102: <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3103:
3104: <dt>EOF</dt>
3105: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3106: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3107: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3108:
3109: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3110: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3111: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
3112: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
3113:
3114: </dl><h5 id="between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.34 </span><dfn>Between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</dfn></h5>
3115:
3116: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3117:
3118: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3119: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3120: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3121: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3122: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3123: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state">between DOCTYPE public and system identifiers state</a>.</dd>
3124:
3125: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3126: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
3127: state</a>.</dd>
1.1 mike 3128:
3129: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3130: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
3131: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
3132: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3133:
3134: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3135: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
3136: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
3137: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3138:
3139: <dt>EOF</dt>
3140: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3141: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3142: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3143:
3144: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3145: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3146: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
3147: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
3148:
1.444 mike 3149: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-system-keyword-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.35 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE system keyword state</dfn></h5>
3150:
3151: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3152:
3153: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3154: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3155: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3156: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3157: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3158: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#before-doctype-system-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE system identifier
3159: state</a>.</dd>
3160:
3161: <dt>EOF</dt>
3162: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3163: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3164: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3165:
3166: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3167: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Reconsume the current character in
3168: the <a href="#before-doctype-system-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
3169:
3170: </dl><h5 id="before-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.36 </span><dfn>Before DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3171:
3172: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3173:
3174: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3175: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3176: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3177: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3178: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3179: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#before-doctype-system-identifier-state">before DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
3180:
3181: <dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3182: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
3183: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
3184: (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3185:
3186: <dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3187: <dd>Set the DOCTYPE token's system identifier to the empty string
3188: (not missing), then switch to the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system identifier
3189: (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3190:
3191: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3192: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3193: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3194: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3195:
3196: <dt>EOF</dt>
3197: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3198: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3199: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3200:
3201: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3202: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3203: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus
3204: DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
3205:
1.444 mike 3206: </dl><h5 id="doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.37 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (double-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3207:
3208: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3209:
3210: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (")</dt>
3211: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
3212:
3213: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3214: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3215: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3216: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3217:
3218: <dt>EOF</dt>
3219: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3220: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3221: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3222:
3223: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3224: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
3225: token's system identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-double-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system
3226: identifier (double-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3227:
1.444 mike 3228: </dl><h5 id="doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.38 </span><dfn>DOCTYPE system identifier (single-quoted) state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3229:
3230: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3231:
3232: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0027 APOSTROPHE (')</dt>
3233: <dd>Switch to the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
3234:
3235: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3236: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3237: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE
3238: token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3239:
3240: <dt>EOF</dt>
3241: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3242: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3243: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3244:
3245: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3246: <dd>Append the <a href="#current-input-character">current input character</a> to the current DOCTYPE
3247: token's system identifier. Stay in the <a href="#doctype-system-identifier-single-quoted-state">DOCTYPE system
3248: identifier (single-quoted) state</a>.</dd>
3249:
1.444 mike 3250: </dl><h5 id="after-doctype-system-identifier-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.39 </span><dfn>After DOCTYPE system identifier state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3251:
3252: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3253:
3254: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3255: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3256: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3257: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3258: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3259: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#after-doctype-system-identifier-state">after DOCTYPE system identifier state</a>.</dd>
3260:
3261: <dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3262: <dd>Emit the current DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
3263: state</a>.</dd>
3264:
3265: <dt>EOF</dt>
3266: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Set the DOCTYPE token's
3267: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>. Emit that DOCTYPE token.
3268: Reconsume the EOF character in the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3269:
3270: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3271: <dd><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch to the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE
3272: state</a>. (This does <em>not</em> set the DOCTYPE token's
3273: <i>force-quirks flag</i> to <i>on</i>.)</dd>
3274:
1.444 mike 3275: </dl><h5 id="bogus-doctype-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.40 </span><dfn>Bogus DOCTYPE state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3276:
3277: <p>Consume the <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>:</p>
3278:
3279: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (>)</dt>
3280: <dd>Emit the DOCTYPE token. Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data
3281: state</a>.</dd>
3282:
3283: <dt>EOF</dt>
3284: <dd>Emit the DOCTYPE token. Reconsume the EOF character in the
3285: <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</dd>
3286:
3287: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3288: <dd>Stay in the <a href="#bogus-doctype-state">bogus DOCTYPE state</a>.</dd>
3289:
1.444 mike 3290: </dl><h5 id="cdata-section-state"><span class="secno">9.2.4.41 </span><dfn>CDATA section state</dfn></h5>
1.1 mike 3291:
3292: <p><i>(This can only happen if the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
1.91 mike 3293: flag</a> is set to the PCDATA state.)</i></p>
1.1 mike 3294:
3295: <p>Consume every character up to the next occurrence of the three
3296: character sequence U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET U+005D RIGHT SQUARE
3297: BRACKET U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">]]></code>), or the
3298: end of the file (EOF), whichever comes first. Emit a series of
3299: character tokens consisting of all the characters consumed except
3300: the matching three character sequence at the end (if one was found
3301: before the end of the file).</p>
3302:
3303: <p>Switch to the <a href="#data-state">data state</a>.</p>
3304:
3305: <p>If the end of the file was reached, reconsume the EOF
3306: character.</p>
3307:
3308:
3309:
1.444 mike 3310: <h5 id="tokenizing-character-references"><span class="secno">9.2.4.42 </span>Tokenizing character references</h5>
1.1 mike 3311:
3312: <p>This section defines how to <dfn id="consume-a-character-reference">consume a character
3313: reference</dfn>. This definition is used when parsing character
1.299 mike 3314: references <a href="#character-reference-in-data-state" title="character reference in data state">in
1.1 mike 3315: text</a> and <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state" title="character reference in attribute value
3316: state">in attributes</a>.</p>
3317:
3318: <p>The behavior depends on the identity of the next character (the
3319: one immediately after the U+0026 AMPERSAND character):</p>
3320:
3321: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION</dt>
3322: <dt>U+000A LINE FEED (LF)</dt>
3323: <dt>U+000C FORM FEED (FF)</dt>
3324: <!--<dt>U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)</dt>-->
3325: <dt>U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3326: <dt>U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN</dt>
3327: <dt>U+0026 AMPERSAND</dt>
3328: <dt>EOF</dt>
3329: <dt>The <dfn id="additional-allowed-character">additional allowed character</dfn>, if there is one</dt>
3330:
3331: <dd>Not a character reference. No characters are consumed, and
3332: nothing is returned. (This is not an error, either.)</dd>
3333:
3334:
3335: <dt>U+0023 NUMBER SIGN (#)</dt>
3336:
3337: <dd>
3338:
3339: <p>Consume the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN.</p>
3340:
3341: <p>The behavior further depends on the character after the U+0023
3342: NUMBER SIGN:</p>
3343:
3344: <dl class="switch"><dt>U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X</dt>
3345: <dt>U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X</dt>
3346:
3347: <dd>
3348:
3349: <p>Consume the X.</p>
3350:
3351: <p>Follow the steps below, but using the range of characters
1.464 mike 3352: U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9), U+0061 LATIN
3353: SMALL LETTER A to U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F, and U+0041 LATIN
3354: CAPITAL LETTER A to U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F (in other
3355: words, 0-9, A-F, a-f).</p>
1.1 mike 3356:
3357: <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a
3358: hexadecimal number.</p>
3359:
3360: </dd>
3361:
3362:
3363: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3364:
3365: <dd>
3366:
3367: <p>Follow the steps below, but using the range of characters
1.464 mike 3368: U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT NINE (9).</p>
1.1 mike 3369:
3370: <p>When it comes to interpreting the number, interpret it as a
3371: decimal number.</p>
3372:
3373: </dd>
3374:
3375: </dl><p>Consume as many characters as match the range of characters
3376: given above.</p>
3377:
3378: <p>If no characters match the range, then don't consume any
3379: characters (and unconsume the U+0023 NUMBER SIGN character and, if
3380: appropriate, the X character). This is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3381: error</a>; nothing is returned.</p>
3382:
3383: <p>Otherwise, if the next character is a U+003B SEMICOLON, consume
3384: that too. If it isn't, there is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3385: error</a>.</p>
3386:
3387: <p>If one or more characters match the range, then take them all
3388: and interpret the string of characters as a number (either
3389: hexadecimal or decimal as appropriate).</p>
3390:
3391: <p>If that number is one of the numbers in the first column of the
3392: following table, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Find the
3393: row with that number in the first column, and return a character
3394: token for the Unicode character given in the second column of that
3395: row.</p>
3396:
3397: <table><thead><tr><th>Number </th><th colspan="2">Unicode character
3398: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>0x00 </td><td>U+FFFD </td><td>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
3399: </td></tr><tr><td>0x0D </td><td>U+000A </td><td>LINE FEED (LF)
1.464 mike 3400: </td></tr><tr><td>0x80 </td><td>U+20AC </td><td>EURO SIGN (€)
1.1 mike 3401: </td></tr><tr><td>0x81 </td><td>U+0081 </td><td><control>
1.464 mike 3402: </td></tr><tr><td>0x82 </td><td>U+201A </td><td>SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK (‚)
3403: </td></tr><tr><td>0x83 </td><td>U+0192 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK (ƒ)
3404: </td></tr><tr><td>0x84 </td><td>U+201E </td><td>DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK („)
3405: </td></tr><tr><td>0x85 </td><td>U+2026 </td><td>HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS (…)
3406: </td></tr><tr><td>0x86 </td><td>U+2020 </td><td>DAGGER (†)
3407: </td></tr><tr><td>0x87 </td><td>U+2021 </td><td>DOUBLE DAGGER (‡)
3408: </td></tr><tr><td>0x88 </td><td>U+02C6 </td><td>MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (ˆ)
3409: </td></tr><tr><td>0x89 </td><td>U+2030 </td><td>PER MILLE SIGN (‰)
3410: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8A </td><td>U+0160 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON (Š)
3411: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8B </td><td>U+2039 </td><td>SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (‹)
3412: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8C </td><td>U+0152 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE (Œ)
1.1 mike 3413: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8D </td><td>U+008D </td><td><control>
1.464 mike 3414: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8E </td><td>U+017D </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON (Ž)
1.1 mike 3415: </td></tr><tr><td>0x8F </td><td>U+008F </td><td><control>
3416: </td></tr><tr><td>0x90 </td><td>U+0090 </td><td><control>
1.464 mike 3417: </td></tr><tr><td>0x91 </td><td>U+2018 </td><td>LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (‘)
3418: </td></tr><tr><td>0x92 </td><td>U+2019 </td><td>RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK (’)
3419: </td></tr><tr><td>0x93 </td><td>U+201C </td><td>LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (“)
3420: </td></tr><tr><td>0x94 </td><td>U+201D </td><td>RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK (”)
3421: </td></tr><tr><td>0x95 </td><td>U+2022 </td><td>BULLET (•)
3422: </td></tr><tr><td>0x96 </td><td>U+2013 </td><td>EN DASH (–)
3423: </td></tr><tr><td>0x97 </td><td>U+2014 </td><td>EM DASH (—)
3424: </td></tr><tr><td>0x98 </td><td>U+02DC </td><td>SMALL TILDE (˜)
3425: </td></tr><tr><td>0x99 </td><td>U+2122 </td><td>TRADE MARK SIGN (™)
3426: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9A </td><td>U+0161 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON (š)
3427: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9B </td><td>U+203A </td><td>SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK (›)
3428: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9C </td><td>U+0153 </td><td>LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE (œ)
1.1 mike 3429: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9D </td><td>U+009D </td><td><control>
1.464 mike 3430: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9E </td><td>U+017E </td><td>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON (ž)
3431: </td></tr><tr><td>0x9F </td><td>U+0178 </td><td>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS (Ÿ)
1.315 mike 3432: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Otherwise, if the number is in the range 0xD800 to 0xDFFF<!--
3433: surrogates not allowed; see the comment in the "preprocessing the
3434: input stream" section for details --> or is greater than 0x10FFFF,
3435: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Return a U+FFFD
3436: REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.</p>
1.18 mike 3437:
3438: <p>Otherwise, return a character token for the Unicode character
1.1 mike 3439: whose code point is that number.
3440:
3441: <!-- this is the same as the equivalent list in the input stream
3442: section -->
3443: If the number is in the range 0x0001 to 0x0008, <!-- HT, LF
3444: allowed --> <!-- U+000B is in the next list --> <!-- FF, CR
3445: allowed --> 0x000E to 0x001F, <!-- ASCII allowed --> 0x007F <!--to
1.315 mike 3446: 0x0084, (0x0085 NEL not allowed), 0x0086--> to 0x009F, 0xFDD0 to
3447: 0xFDEF, or is one of 0x000B, 0xFFFE, 0xFFFF, 0x1FFFE, 0x1FFFF,
3448: 0x2FFFE, 0x2FFFF, 0x3FFFE, 0x3FFFF, 0x4FFFE, 0x4FFFF, 0x5FFFE,
3449: 0x5FFFF, 0x6FFFE, 0x6FFFF, 0x7FFFE, 0x7FFFF, 0x8FFFE, 0x8FFFF,
3450: 0x9FFFE, 0x9FFFF, 0xAFFFE, 0xAFFFF, 0xBFFFE, 0xBFFFF, 0xCFFFE,
3451: 0xCFFFF, 0xDFFFE, 0xDFFFF, 0xEFFFE, 0xEFFFF, 0xFFFFE, 0xFFFFF,
3452: 0x10FFFE, or 0x10FFFF, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3453: error</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 3454:
3455: </dd>
3456:
3457:
3458: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3459:
3460: <dd>
3461:
3462: <p>Consume the maximum number of characters possible, with the
3463: consumed characters matching one of the identifiers in the first
3464: column of the <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a> table (in a
3465: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> manner).</p>
3466:
3467: <p>If no match can be made, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
3468: error</a>. No characters are consumed, and nothing is
3469: returned.</p>
3470:
3471: <p>If the last character matched is not a U+003B SEMICOLON (<code title="">;</code>), there is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
3472:
3473: <p>If the character reference is being consumed <a href="#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state" title="character reference in attribute value state">as part of an
3474: attribute</a>, and the last character matched is not a U+003B
1.464 mike 3475: SEMICOLON character (<code title="">;</code>), and the next
3476: character is in the range U+0030 DIGIT ZERO (0) to U+0039 DIGIT
3477: NINE (9), U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A to U+005A LATIN CAPITAL
3478: LETTER Z, or U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A to U+007A LATIN SMALL
3479: LETTER Z, then, for historical reasons, all the characters that
3480: were matched after the U+0026 AMPERSAND character (&) must be
3481: unconsumed, and nothing is returned.</p>
1.1 mike 3482:
3483: <p>Otherwise, return a character token for the character
3484: corresponding to the character reference name (as given by the
3485: second column of the <a href="named-character-references.html#named-character-references">named character references</a>
3486: table).</p>
3487:
3488: <div class="example">
3489:
3490: <p>If the markup contains <code title="">I'm &notit; I tell
3491: you</code>, the character reference is parsed as "not", as in,
3492: <code title="">I'm ¬it; I tell you</code>. But if the markup
3493: was <code title="">I'm &notin; I tell you</code>, the
3494: character reference would be parsed as "notin;", resulting in
3495: <code title="">I'm ∉ I tell you</code>.</p>
3496:
3497: </div>
3498:
3499: </dd>
3500:
1.266 mike 3501: </dl></div><div class="impl">
3502:
1.363 mike 3503: <!-- v2: One thing that this doesn't define is handling deeply
3504: nested documents. There are compatibility requirements around that:
3505: you can't throw away the elements altogether, consider Tux made only
3506: with opening <font> elements, one per character. Seems that the best
3507: thing to do is to close some formatting elements from the middle of
3508: the stack when you hit a limit, or something. -->
3509:
1.266 mike 3510: <h4 id="tree-construction"><span class="secno">9.2.5 </span><dfn>Tree construction</dfn></h4>
1.1 mike 3511:
3512: <p>The input to the tree construction stage is a sequence of tokens
3513: from the <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a> stage. The tree construction
3514: stage is associated with a DOM <code>Document</code> object when a
3515: parser is created. The "output" of this stage consists of
3516: dynamically modifying or extending that document's DOM tree.</p>
3517:
3518: <p>This specification does not define when an interactive user agent
3519: has to render the <code>Document</code> so that it is available to
3520: the user, or when it has to begin accepting user input.</p>
3521:
3522: <p>As each token is emitted from the tokenizer, the user agent must
3523: process the token according to the rules given in the section
3524: corresponding to the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3525:
3526: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-a-character">insert a
3527: character</dfn> into a node, if that node has a child immediately
3528: before where the character is to be inserted, and that child is a
3529: <code>Text</code> node, and that <code>Text</code> node was the last
3530: node that the parser inserted into the document, then the character
3531: must be appended to that <code>Text</code> node; otherwise, a new
3532: <code>Text</code> node whose data is just that character must be
3533: inserted in the appropriate place.</p>
3534:
3535: <div class="example">
3536:
3537: <p>Here are some sample inputs to the parser and the corresponding
3538: number of text nodes that they result in, assuming a user agent
3539: that executes scripts.</p>
3540:
3541: <table><thead><tr><th>Input </th><th>Number of text nodes
3542: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3543: var script = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
3544: document.body.removeChild(script);
3545: </script>B</pre>
3546: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes in the document, containing "A" and "B".
3547: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3548: var text = document.createTextNode('B');
3549: document.body.appendChild(text);
3550: </script>C</pre>
3551: </td><td>Four text nodes; "A" before the script, the script's contents, "B" after the script, and then, immediately after that, "C".
3552: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<script>
3553: var text = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0].firstChild;
3554: text.data = 'B';
3555: document.body.appendChild(text);
3556: </script>B</pre>
3557: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes in the document, containing "A" and "BB".
3558: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table>B<tr>C</tr>C</table></pre>
3559: </td><td>Three adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A", "B", and "CC" respectively. (This is caused by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
3560: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table><tr> B</tr> B</table></pre>
3561: </td><td>Two adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A" and " B B" (space-B-space-B) respectively. (This is caused by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>.)
3562: </td></tr><tr><td><pre>A<table><tr> B</tr> </em>C</table></pre>
3563: </td><td>Three adjacent text nodes before the table, containing "A", " B" (space-B), and "C" respectively, and one text node inside the table (as a child of a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>) with a single space character. (Space characters separated from non-space characters by non-character tokens are not affected by <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parenting</a>, even if those other tokens then get ignored.)
3564: </td></tr></tbody></table></div>
3565:
3566: <p id="mutation-during-parsing">DOM mutation events must not fire
3567: for changes caused by the UA parsing the document. (Conceptually,
3568: the parser is not mutating the DOM, it is constructing it.) This
1.159 mike 3569: includes the parsing of any content inserted using <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code> and <code title="dom-document-writeln"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-writeln">document.writeln()</a></code> calls. <a href="references.html#refsDOMEVENTS">[DOMEVENTS]</a></p>
1.1 mike 3570:
3571: <p class="note">Not all of the tag names mentioned below are
3572: conformant tag names in this specification; many are included to
3573: handle legacy content. They still form part of the algorithm that
3574: implementations are required to implement to claim conformance.</p>
3575:
3576: <p class="note">The algorithm described below places no limit on the
3577: depth of the DOM tree generated, or on the length of tag names,
3578: attribute names, attribute values, text nodes, etc. While
3579: implementors are encouraged to avoid arbitrary limits, it is
3580: recognized that <a href="infrastructure.html#hardwareLimitations">practical
1.445 mike 3581: concerns</a> will likely force user agents to impose nesting depth
3582: constraints.</p>
1.1 mike 3583:
3584:
3585: <h5 id="creating-and-inserting-elements"><span class="secno">9.2.5.1 </span>Creating and inserting elements</h5>
3586:
3587: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="create-an-element-for-the-token" title="create an
3588: element for the token">create an element for a token</dfn> in a
3589: particular namespace, the UA must create a node implementing the
3590: interface appropriate for the element type corresponding to the tag
3591: name of the token in the given namespace (as given in the
3592: specification that defines that element, e.g. for an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>
3593: element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>, this specification
3594: defines it to be the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#htmlanchorelement">HTMLAnchorElement</a></code> interface), with
3595: the tag name being the name of that element, with the node being in
3596: the given namespace, and with the attributes on the node being those
3597: given in the given token.</p>
3598:
3599: <p>The interface appropriate for an element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
1.426 mike 3600: namespace</a> that is not defined in this specification (or
3601: <a href="infrastructure.html#other-applicable-specifications">other applicable specifications</a>) is
1.44 mike 3602: <code><a href="dom.html#htmlunknownelement">HTMLUnknownElement</a></code>. Element in other namespaces whose
1.1 mike 3603: interface is not defined by that namespace's specification must use
3604: the interface <code>Element</code>.</p>
3605:
3606: <p>When a <a href="forms.html#category-reset" title="category-reset">resettable</a> element is
3607: created in this manner, its <a href="forms.html#concept-form-reset-control" title="concept-form-reset-control">reset algorithm</a> must be
3608: invoked once the attributes are set. (This initializes the element's
3609: <a href="forms.html#concept-fe-value" title="concept-fe-value">value</a> and <a href="forms.html#concept-fe-checked" title="concept-fe-checked">checkedness</a> based on the element's
3610: attributes.)</p>
3611:
3612: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML
3613: element</dfn> for a token, the UA must first <a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">create an element
3614: for the token</a> in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>, and then
3615: append this node to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, and push it onto
3616: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
3617: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
3618:
3619: <p>The steps below may also require that the UA insert an HTML
3620: element in a particular place, in which case the UA must follow the
3621: same steps except that it must insert or append the new node in the
3622: location specified instead of appending it to the <a href="#current-node">current
3623: node</a>. (This happens in particular during the parsing of
3624: tables with invalid content.)</p>
3625:
3626: <p>If an element created by the <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a>
3627: algorithm is a <a href="forms.html#form-associated-element">form-associated element</a>, and the
3628: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is not null,
3629: and the newly created element doesn't have a <code title="attr-fae-form"><a href="forms.html#attr-fae-form">form</a></code> attribute, the user agent must
3630: <a href="forms.html#concept-form-association" title="concept-form-association">associate</a> the newly
3631: created element with the <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element pointed to by the
3632: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> before
3633: inserting it wherever it is to be inserted.</p>
3634:
3635: <hr><p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="insert-a-foreign-element">insert a foreign
3636: element</dfn> for a token, the UA must first <a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">create an element
3637: for the token</a> in the given namespace, and then append this
3638: node to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, and push it onto the
3639: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that it is the new
3640: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>. If the newly created element has an <code title="">xmlns</code> attribute in the <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
3641: whose value is not exactly the same as the element's namespace, that
3642: is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Similarly, if the newly created
3643: element has an <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> attribute in the
3644: <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a> whose value is not the <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink
3645: Namespace</a>, that is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
3646:
3647: <p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-mathml-attributes">adjust MathML
3648: attributes</dfn> for a token, then, if the token has an attribute
3649: named <code title="">definitionurl</code>, change its name to <code title="">definitionURL</code> (note the case difference).</p>
3650:
3651: <p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-svg-attributes">adjust SVG
3652: attributes</dfn> for a token, then, for each attribute on the token
3653: whose attribute name is one of the ones in the first column of the
3654: following table, change the attribute's name to the name given in
3655: the corresponding cell in the second column. (This fixes the case of
3656: SVG attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
3657:
3658: <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name on token </th><th> Attribute name on element
3659: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">attributename</code> </td><td> <code title="">attributeName</code>
3660: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">attributetype</code> </td><td> <code title="">attributeType</code>
3661: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">basefrequency</code> </td><td> <code title="">baseFrequency</code>
3662: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">baseprofile</code> </td><td> <code title="">baseProfile</code>
3663: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">calcmode</code> </td><td> <code title="">calcMode</code>
3664: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">clippathunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">clipPathUnits</code>
3665: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">contentscripttype</code> </td><td> <code title="">contentScriptType</code>
3666: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">contentstyletype</code> </td><td> <code title="">contentStyleType</code>
3667: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">diffuseconstant</code> </td><td> <code title="">diffuseConstant</code>
3668: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">edgemode</code> </td><td> <code title="">edgeMode</code>
3669: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">externalresourcesrequired</code> </td><td> <code title="">externalResourcesRequired</code>
3670: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">filterres</code> </td><td> <code title="">filterRes</code>
3671: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">filterunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">filterUnits</code>
3672: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> </td><td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
3673: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">gradienttransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">gradientTransform</code>
3674: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">gradientunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">gradientUnits</code>
3675: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">kernelmatrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">kernelMatrix</code>
3676: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">kernelunitlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">kernelUnitLength</code>
3677: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keypoints</code> </td><td> <code title="">keyPoints</code>
3678: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keysplines</code> </td><td> <code title="">keySplines</code>
3679: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">keytimes</code> </td><td> <code title="">keyTimes</code>
3680: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">lengthadjust</code> </td><td> <code title="">lengthAdjust</code>
3681: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">limitingconeangle</code> </td><td> <code title="">limitingConeAngle</code>
3682: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerheight</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerHeight</code>
3683: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerUnits</code>
3684: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">markerwidth</code> </td><td> <code title="">markerWidth</code>
3685: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">maskcontentunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">maskContentUnits</code>
3686: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">maskunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">maskUnits</code>
3687: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">numoctaves</code> </td><td> <code title="">numOctaves</code>
3688: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pathlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">pathLength</code>
3689: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patterncontentunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternContentUnits</code>
3690: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patterntransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternTransform</code>
3691: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">patternunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">patternUnits</code>
3692: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsatx</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtX</code>
3693: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsaty</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtY</code>
3694: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">pointsatz</code> </td><td> <code title="">pointsAtZ</code>
3695: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">preservealpha</code> </td><td> <code title="">preserveAlpha</code>
3696: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">preserveaspectratio</code> </td><td> <code title="">preserveAspectRatio</code>
3697: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">primitiveunits</code> </td><td> <code title="">primitiveUnits</code>
3698: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">refx</code> </td><td> <code title="">refX</code>
3699: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">refy</code> </td><td> <code title="">refY</code>
3700: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">repeatcount</code> </td><td> <code title="">repeatCount</code>
3701: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">repeatdur</code> </td><td> <code title="">repeatDur</code>
3702: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">requiredextensions</code> </td><td> <code title="">requiredExtensions</code>
3703: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">requiredfeatures</code> </td><td> <code title="">requiredFeatures</code>
3704: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">specularconstant</code> </td><td> <code title="">specularConstant</code>
3705: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">specularexponent</code> </td><td> <code title="">specularExponent</code>
3706: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">spreadmethod</code> </td><td> <code title="">spreadMethod</code>
3707: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">startoffset</code> </td><td> <code title="">startOffset</code>
3708: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">stddeviation</code> </td><td> <code title="">stdDeviation</code>
3709: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">stitchtiles</code> </td><td> <code title="">stitchTiles</code>
3710: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">surfacescale</code> </td><td> <code title="">surfaceScale</code>
3711: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">systemlanguage</code> </td><td> <code title="">systemLanguage</code>
3712: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">tablevalues</code> </td><td> <code title="">tableValues</code>
3713: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">targetx</code> </td><td> <code title="">targetX</code>
3714: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">targety</code> </td><td> <code title="">targetY</code>
3715: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">textlength</code> </td><td> <code title="">textLength</code>
3716: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">viewbox</code> </td><td> <code title="">viewBox</code>
3717: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">viewtarget</code> </td><td> <code title="">viewTarget</code>
3718: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xchannelselector</code> </td><td> <code title="">xChannelSelector</code>
3719: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">ychannelselector</code> </td><td> <code title="">yChannelSelector</code>
3720: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">zoomandpan</code> </td><td> <code title="">zoomAndPan</code>
3721: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>When the steps below require the user agent to <dfn id="adjust-foreign-attributes">adjust
3722: foreign attributes</dfn> for a token, then, if any of the attributes
3723: on the token match the strings given in the first column of the
3724: following table, let the attribute be a namespaced attribute, with
3725: the prefix being the string given in the corresponding cell in the
3726: second column, the local name being the string given in the
3727: corresponding cell in the third column, and the namespace being the
3728: namespace given in the corresponding cell in the fourth
3729: column. (This fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular
3730: <a href="dom.html#attr-xml-lang" title="attr-xml-lang"><code title="">lang</code> attributes in
3731: the <span>XML namespace</span></a>.)</p>
3732:
3733: <table><thead><tr><th> Attribute name </th><th> Prefix </th><th> Local name </th><th> Namespace
3734: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:actuate</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">actuate</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3735: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:arcrole</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">arcrole</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3736: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:href</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">href</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3737: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:role</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">role</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3738: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:show</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">show</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3739: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:title</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">title</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3740: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xlink:type</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">type</code> </td><td> <a href="#xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</a>
3741: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:base</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">base</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a> <!-- attr-xml-base -->
3742: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:lang</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">lang</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a>
3743: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xml:space</code> </td><td> <code title="">xml</code> </td><td> <code title="">space</code> </td><td> <a href="#xml-namespace">XML namespace</a>
3744: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> (none) </td><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
3745: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">xmlns:xlink</code> </td><td> <code title="">xmlns</code> </td><td> <code title="">xlink</code> </td><td> <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>
1.91 mike 3746: </td></tr></tbody></table><hr><p>The <dfn id="generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw text element parsing algorithm</dfn> and the
1.1 mike 3747: <dfn id="generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</dfn> consist of the
3748: following steps. These algorithms are always invoked in response to
3749: a start tag token.</p>
3750:
3751: <ol><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p></li>
3752:
1.91 mike 3753: <li><p>If the algorithm that was invoked is the <a href="#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw
3754: text element parsing algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer's
3755: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the RAWTEXT state; otherwise the
1.1 mike 3756: algorithm invoked was the <a href="#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing
3757: algorithm</a>, switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model
3758: flag</a> to the RCDATA state.</p></li>
3759:
3760: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
3761: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
3762:
1.91 mike 3763: </li><li><p>Then, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in
3764: RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
1.1 mike 3765:
3766: </ol><h5 id="closing-elements-that-have-implied-end-tags"><span class="secno">9.2.5.2 </span>Closing elements that have implied end tags</h5>
3767:
3768: <p>When the steps below require the UA to <dfn id="generate-implied-end-tags">generate implied end
3769: tags</dfn>, then, while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a
1.422 mike 3770: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, an
1.1 mike 3771: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, an
3772: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, an
3773: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element, or an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element, the UA must
3774: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3775: elements</a>.</p>
3776:
3777: <p>If a step requires the UA to generate implied end tags but lists
3778: an element to exclude from the process, then the UA must perform the
3779: above steps as if that element was not in the above list.</p>
3780:
3781:
3782: <h5 id="foster-parenting"><span class="secno">9.2.5.3 </span>Foster parenting</h5>
3783:
3784: <p>Foster parenting happens when content is misnested in tables.</p>
3785:
3786: <p>When a node <var title="">node</var> is to be <dfn id="foster-parent" title="foster
3787: parent">foster parented</dfn>, the node <var title="">node</var>
3788: must be inserted into the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i>.</p>
3789:
3790: <p>The <dfn id="foster-parent-element">foster parent element</dfn> is the parent element of the
3791: last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3792: elements</a>, if there is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element and it has
3793: such a parent element. If there is no <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in
3794: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
3795: case</a>), then the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is the first
3796: element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (the
1.159 mike 3797: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element). Otherwise, if there is a
1.1 mike 3798: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3799: elements</a>, but the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the
3800: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has no parent, or its parent
3801: node is not an element, then the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is
3802: the element before the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the
3803: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
3804:
3805: <p>If the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i> is the parent element of the
3806: last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
3807: elements</a>, then <var title="">node</var> must be inserted
3808: immediately <em>before</em> the last <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element in
3809: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> in the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent
3810: element</a></i>; otherwise, <var title="">node</var> must be
3811: <em>appended</em> to the <i><a href="#foster-parent-element">foster parent element</a></i>.</p>
3812:
3813:
3814:
3815: <h5 id="the-initial-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.4 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: initial">initial</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
3816:
3817: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-initial-insertion-mode" title="insertion
3818: mode: initial">initial</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
3819:
3820: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
3821: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
3822: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
3823: <dd>
3824: <p>Ignore the token.</p>
3825: </dd>
3826:
3827: <dt>A comment token</dt>
3828: <dd>
3829: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
3830: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
3831: data given in the comment token.</p>
3832: </dd>
3833:
3834: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
3835: <dd>
3836:
3837: <p>If the DOCTYPE token's name is not a
3838: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", or the token's public identifier is not
3839: missing, or the token's system identifier is neither missing nor a
3840: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> match for the string
1.465 mike 3841: "<code><a href="infrastructure.html#about:legacy-compat">about:legacy-compat</a></code>", and none of the sets of
1.1 mike 3842: conditions in the following list are matched, then there is a
3843: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. If one of the sets of conditions in the
3844: following list is matched, then there is an <dfn id="obsolete-permitted-doctype">obsolete
3845: permitted DOCTYPE</dfn>.</p>
3846:
3847: <ul><!-- only things that trigger no-quirks mode and were valid in
3848: some other spec are allowed in this list --><li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1.98 mike 3849: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the
1.1 mike 3850: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN</code>", and the
3851: token's system identifier is either missing or the
3852: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3853:
3854: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1.98 mike 3855: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the
1.1 mike 3856: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN</code>", and the
3857: token's system identifier is either missing or the
3858: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3859:
3860: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1.98 mike 3861: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the
1.1 mike 3862: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN</code>",
3863: and the token's system identifier is the
3864: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</code>".</li>
3865:
3866: <li>The DOCTYPE token's name is an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
1.98 mike 3867: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">html</code>", the token's public identifier is the
1.1 mike 3868: <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a> string "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN</code>", and the
3869: token's system identifier is the <a href="infrastructure.html#case-sensitive">case-sensitive</a>
3870: string "<code title="">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd</code>".</li>
3871:
3872: </ul><p>Conformance checkers may, based on the values (including
3873: presence or lack thereof) of the DOCTYPE token's name, public
3874: identifier, or system identifier, switch to a conformance checking
3875: mode for another language (e.g. based on the DOCTYPE token a
3876: conformance checker could recognize that the document is an
1.183 mike 3877: HTML4-era document, and defer to an HTML4 conformance
1.1 mike 3878: checker.)</p>
3879:
3880: <p>Append a <code>DocumentType</code> node to the
3881: <code>Document</code> node, with the <code title="">name</code>
3882: attribute set to the name given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty
3883: string if the name was missing; the <code title="">publicId</code>
3884: attribute set to the public identifier given in the DOCTYPE token,
3885: or the empty string if the public identifier was missing; the
3886: <code title="">systemId</code> attribute set to the system
3887: identifier given in the DOCTYPE token, or the empty string if the
3888: system identifier was missing; and the other attributes specific
3889: to <code>DocumentType</code> objects set to null and empty lists
3890: as appropriate. Associate the <code>DocumentType</code> node with
3891: the <code>Document</code> object so that it is returned as the
3892: value of the <code title="">doctype</code> attribute of the
3893: <code>Document</code> object.</p>
3894:
3895: <p id="quirks-mode-doctypes">Then, if the DOCTYPE token matches
3896: one of the conditions in the following list, then set the
3897: <code>Document</code> to <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>:</p>
3898:
3899: <ul class="brief"><li> The <i>force-quirks flag</i> is set to <i>on</i>. </li>
3900: <li> The name is set to anything other than "<code title="">HTML</code>". </li>
3901: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">+//Silmaril//dtd html Pro v0r11 19970101//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3902: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AdvaSoft Ltd//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3903: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//AS//DTD HTML 3.0 asWedit + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3904: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3905: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3906: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3907: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3908: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0 Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3909: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3910: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.1E//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3911: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3912: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>-->
3913: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3914: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3915: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3916: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3917: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 0//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3918: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3919: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 1//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3920: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3921: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 2//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3922: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3923: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Level 3//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3924: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3925: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 0//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3926: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3927: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 1//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3928: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3929: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 2//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3930: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 3//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3931: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict Level 3//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3932: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3933: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3934: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML Strict//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3935: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3936: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//2.0</code>" </li>-->
3937: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN//3.0</code>" </li>-->
3938: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Metrius//DTD Metrius Presentational//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3939: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3940: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3941: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 2.0 Tables//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3942: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML Strict//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3943: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3944: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Microsoft//DTD Internet Explorer 3.0 Tables//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3945: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3946: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Netscape Comm. Corp.//DTD Strict HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3947: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3948: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended 1.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3949: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//O'Reilly and Associates//DTD HTML Extended Relaxed 1.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3950: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad Software//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 6.0::19990601::extensions to HTML 4.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3951: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SoftQuad//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 4.0::19971010::extensions to HTML 4.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3952: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Spyglass//DTD HTML 2.0 Extended//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3953: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//SQ//DTD HTML 2.0 HoTMetaL + extensions//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3954: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3955: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//Sun Microsystems Corp.//DTD HotJava Strict HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3956: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3 1995-03-24//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3957: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Draft//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3958: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3959: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3960: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2S Draft//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3961: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3962: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3963: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 19960712//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3964: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML Experimental 970421//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3965: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3966: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 3.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3967: <!--<li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>-->
3968: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-//W3O//DTD W3 HTML Strict 3.0//EN//</code>" </li>
3969: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML 2.0//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3970: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//WebTechs//DTD Mozilla HTML//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3971: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">-/W3C/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional/EN</code>" </li>
3972: <li> The public identifier is set to: "<code title="">HTML</code>" </li>
3973: <li> The system identifier is set to: "<code title="">http://www.ibm.com/data/dtd/v11/ibmxhtml1-transitional.dtd</code>" </li>
3974: <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3975: <li> The system identifier is missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3976: </ul><p>Otherwise, if the DOCTYPE token matches one of the conditions
3977: in the following list, then set the <code>Document</code> to
3978: <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a>:</p>
3979:
3980: <ul class="brief"><li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3981: <li> The public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3982: <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3983: <li> The system identifier is not missing and the public identifier starts with: "<code title="">-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//<!--EN--></code>" </li>
3984: </ul><p>The name, system identifier, and public identifier strings must
3985: be compared to the values given in the lists above in an
3986: <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII case-insensitive</a> manner. A system identifier
3987: whose value is the empty string is not considered missing for the
3988: purposes of the conditions above.</p>
3989:
3990: <p>Then, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>".</p>
3991:
3992: </dd>
3993:
3994: <dt>Anything else</dt>
3995: <dd>
3996:
3997: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
3998:
3999: <p>Set the <code>Document</code> to <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>.</p>
4000:
4001: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before html">before html</a>", then
4002: reprocess the current token.</p>
4003:
4004: </dd>
4005:
4006: </dl><h5 id="the-before-html-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.5 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before html">before html</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4007:
4008: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-before-html-insertion-mode" title="insertion
4009: mode: before html">before html</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4010:
4011: <dl class="switch"><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4012: <dd>
4013: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4014: </dd>
4015:
4016: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4017: <dd>
4018: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
4019: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
4020: data given in the comment token.</p>
4021: </dd>
4022:
4023: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4024: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4025: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4026: <dd>
4027: <p>Ignore the token.</p>
4028: </dd>
4029:
4030: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4031: <dd>
4032:
4033: <p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
4034: namespace</a>. Append it to the <code>Document</code>
4035: object. Put this element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4036: elements</a>.</p>
4037:
4038: <p id="parser-appcache">If the <code>Document</code> is being
4039: loaded as part of <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a> of a
4040: <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>, then: if the newly created element
4041: has a <code title="attr-html-manifest"><a href="semantics.html#attr-html-manifest">manifest</a></code> attribute,
4042: then <a href="infrastructure.html#resolve-a-url" title="resolve a url">resolve</a> the value of that
4043: attribute to an <a href="infrastructure.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a>, relative to the newly
4044: created element, and if that is successful, run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application cache selection
1.29 mike 4045: algorithm</a> with the resulting <a href="infrastructure.html#absolute-url">absolute URL</a> with
4046: any <a href="infrastructure.html#url-fragment" title="url-fragment"><fragment></a> component
4047: removed; otherwise, if there is no such attribute or resolving it
4048: fails, run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application
4049: cache selection algorithm</a> with no manifest. The algorithm
4050: must be passed the <code>Document</code> object.</p>
1.1 mike 4051:
4052: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>".</p>
4053:
4054: </dd>
4055:
1.334 mike 4056: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "body", "html", "br"</dt>
4057: <dd>
4058: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4059: </dd>
4060:
4061: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4062: <dd>
4063: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4064: </dd>
4065:
1.1 mike 4066: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4067: <dd>
4068:
1.159 mike 4069: <p>Create an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element. Append it to the
1.1 mike 4070: <code>Document</code> object. Put this element in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
4071: of open elements</a>.</p>
4072:
4073: <p>If the <code>Document</code> is being loaded as part of <a href="history.html#navigate" title="navigate">navigation</a> of a <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing
4074: context</a>, then: run the <a href="offline.html#concept-appcache-init" title="concept-appcache-init">application cache selection
4075: algorithm</a> with no manifest, passing it the
4076: <code>Document</code> object.</p>
4077:
4078: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: before head">before head</a>", then
4079: reprocess the current token.</p>
4080:
4081: </dd>
4082:
4083: </dl><p>The root element can end up being removed from the
4084: <code>Document</code> object, e.g. by scripts; nothing in particular
4085: happens in such cases, content continues being appended to the nodes
4086: as described in the next section.</p>
4087:
4088:
4089: <h5 id="the-before-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.6 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: before head">before head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4090:
4091: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-before-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion
4092: mode: before head">before head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4093:
4094: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4095: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4096: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4097: <dd>
4098: <p>Ignore the token.</p> <!-- :-( -->
4099: </dd>
4100:
4101: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4102: <dd>
4103: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4104: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4105: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4106: </dd>
4107:
4108: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4109: <dd>
4110: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4111: </dd>
4112:
4113: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4114: <dd>
4115: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4116: mode</a>.</p>
4117: </dd>
4118:
4119: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
4120: <dd>
4121:
4122: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4123:
4124: <p>Set the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a>
1.159 mike 4125: to the newly created <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element.</p>
1.1 mike 4126:
4127: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>".</p>
4128:
4129: </dd>
4130:
4131: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "body", "html", "br"</dt>
4132: <dd>
4133:
4134: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "head" and no
4135: attributes had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
4136:
4137: </dd>
4138:
4139: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4140: <dd>
4141:
4142: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4143:
4144: </dd>
4145:
4146: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4147: <dd>
4148:
4149: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "head" and no
4150: attributes had been seen, then reprocess the current
4151: token.</p>
4152:
4153: </dd>
4154:
4155: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inhead"><span class="secno">9.2.5.7 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head">in head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4156:
4157: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion
4158: mode: in head">in head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4159:
4160: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4161: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4162: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4163: <dd>
4164: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
4165: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
4166: </dd>
4167:
4168: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4169: <dd>
4170: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4171: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4172: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4173: </dd>
4174:
4175: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4176: <dd>
4177: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4178: </dd>
4179:
4180: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4181: <dd>
4182: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4183: mode</a>.</p>
4184: </dd>
4185:
4186: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "base", "command",
4187: "link"</dt>
4188: <dd>
4189:
4190: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
4191: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4192: elements</a>.</p>
4193:
4194: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
4195: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
4196:
4197: </dd>
4198:
4199: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "meta"</dt>
4200: <dd>
4201:
4202: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
4203: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4204: elements</a>.</p>
4205:
4206: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
4207: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
4208:
4209: <p id="meta-charset-during-parse">If the element has a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">charset</a></code> attribute, and its
4210: value is a supported encoding, and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
4211: currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the
4212: encoding</a> to the encoding given by the value of the
4213: <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">charset</a></code> attribute.</p>
4214:
4215: <p>Otherwise, if the element has a <code title="attr-meta-charset"><a href="semantics.html#attr-meta-charset">content</a></code> attribute, and
4216: applying the <a href="infrastructure.html#algorithm-for-extracting-an-encoding-from-a-content-type">algorithm for extracting an encoding from a
4217: Content-Type</a> to its value returns a supported encoding
4218: <var title="">encoding</var>, and the <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
4219: currently <i>tentative</i>, then <a href="#change-the-encoding">change the
4220: encoding</a> to the encoding <var title="">encoding</var>.</p>
4221:
4222: </dd>
4223:
4224: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "title"</dt>
4225: <dd>
4226: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-rcdata-element-parsing-algorithm">generic RCDATA element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
4227: </dd>
4228:
4229: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
4230: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "noframes", "style"</dt>
4231: <dd>
1.91 mike 4232: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 4233: </dd>
4234:
4235: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is disabled</dt>
4236: <dd>
4237:
4238: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4239:
4240: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head
4241: noscript</a>".</p>
4242:
4243: </dd>
4244:
4245: <dt id="scriptTag">A start tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
4246: <dd>
4247:
4248: <ol><li><p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> in the
4249: <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>.</p></li>
4250:
4251: <li>
4252:
4253: <p>Mark the element as being <a href="semantics.html#parser-inserted">"parser-inserted"</a>.</p>
4254:
4255: <p class="note">This ensures that, if the script is external,
1.159 mike 4256: any <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code>
1.1 mike 4257: calls in the script will execute in-line, instead of blowing the
4258: document away, as would happen in most other cases. It also
4259: prevents the script from executing until the end tag is
4260: seen.</p>
4261:
4262: </li>
4263:
4264: <li><p>If the parser was originally created for the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML
4265: fragment parsing algorithm</a>, then mark the
4266: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element as <a href="semantics.html#already-executed">"already
4267: executed"</a>. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p></li>
4268:
4269: <li><p>Append the new element to the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>
4270: and push it onto the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4271: elements</a>.</p></li>
4272:
4273: <li><p>Switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
1.91 mike 4274: the RAWTEXT state.</p></li>
1.1 mike 4275:
4276: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
4277: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
4278:
1.91 mike 4279: </li><li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in
4280: RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
1.1 mike 4281:
4282: </ol></dd>
4283:
4284: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
4285: <dd>
4286:
4287: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be the
1.159 mike 4288: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element) off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.1 mike 4289: elements</a>.</p>
4290:
4291: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after head">after head</a>".</p>
4292:
4293: </dd>
4294:
4295: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
4296: <dd>
4297: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4298: </dd>
4299:
4300: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
4301: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4302: <dd>
4303: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4304: </dd>
4305:
4306: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4307: <dd>
4308:
4309: <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
4310:
4311: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "head" had
4312: been seen, and reprocess the current token.</p>
4313:
4314: </dd>
4315:
4316: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inheadnoscript"><span class="secno">9.2.5.8 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4317:
4318: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inheadnoscript" title="insertion
4319: mode: in head noscript">in head noscript</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4320:
4321: <dl class="switch"><dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4322: <dd>
4323: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4324: </dd>
4325:
4326: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4327: <dd>
4328: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4329: mode</a>.</p>
4330: </dd>
4331:
4332: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript"</dt>
4333: <dd>
4334:
4335: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be a
4336: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4337: elements</a>; the new <a href="#current-node">current node</a> will be a
1.159 mike 4338: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code> element.</p>
1.1 mike 4339:
4340: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>".</p>
4341:
4342: </dd>
4343:
4344: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4345: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4346: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4347: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4348: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "link", "meta", "noframes", "style"</dt>
4349: <dd>
4350: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4351: mode</a>.</p>
4352: </dd>
4353:
4354: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
4355: <dd>
4356: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4357: </dd>
4358:
4359: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "head", "noscript"</dt>
4360: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4361: <dd>
4362: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4363: </dd>
4364:
4365: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4366: <dd>
4367:
4368: <!-- can't get here with an EOF and a fragment case -->
4369:
4370: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
4371: name "noscript" had been seen and reprocess the current
4372: token.</p>
4373:
4374: </dd>
4375:
4376: </dl><h5 id="the-after-head-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.9 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after head">after head</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4377:
4378: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-head-insertion-mode" title="insertion
4379: mode: after head">after head</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4380:
4381: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
4382: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
4383: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
4384: <dd>
4385: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
4386: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
4387: </dd>
4388:
4389: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4390: <dd>
4391: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4392: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4393: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4394: </dd>
4395:
4396: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4397: <dd>
4398: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4399: </dd>
4400:
4401: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4402: <dd>
4403: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4404: mode</a>.</p>
4405: </dd>
4406:
4407: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4408: <dd>
4409:
4410: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4411:
4412: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4413:
4414: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
4415:
4416: </dd>
4417:
4418: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
4419: <dd>
4420:
4421: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4422:
4423: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>".</p>
4424:
4425: </dd>
4426:
4427: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "base", "link",
4428: "meta", "noframes", "script", "style", "title"</dt>
4429: <dd>
4430:
4431: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4432:
4433: <p>Push the node pointed to by the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> onto the
4434: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
4435:
4436: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4437: mode</a>.</p>
4438:
4439: <p>Remove the node pointed to by the <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element pointer</a> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack
4440: of open elements</a>.</p>
4441:
4442: <p class="note">The <a href="#head-element-pointer"><code title="">head</code> element
4443: pointer</a> cannot be null at this point.</p>
4444:
4445: </dd>
4446:
4447: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "html", "br"</dt>
4448: <dd>
4449: <p>Act as described in the "anything else" entry below.</p>
4450: </dd>
4451:
4452: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "head"</dt>
4453: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
4454: <dd>
4455: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4456: </dd>
4457:
4458: <dt>Anything else</dt>
4459: <dd>
4460: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "body" and no
4461: attributes had been seen, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
4462: flag</a> back to "ok", and then reprocess the current
4463: token.</p>
4464: </dd>
4465:
4466: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.10 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in body">in body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
4467:
4468: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion
4469: mode: in body">in body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
4470:
4471: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
4472: <dd>
4473:
4474: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
4475: any.</p>
4476:
4477: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
4478: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
4479:
4480: <p>If the token is not one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A
4481: LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
4482: (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
4483: flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4484:
4485: </dd>
4486:
4487: <dt>A comment token</dt>
4488: <dd>
4489: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
4490: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
4491: the data given in the comment token.</p>
4492: </dd>
4493:
4494: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
4495: <dd>
4496: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
4497: </dd>
4498:
4499: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4500: <dd>
4501: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. For each attribute on the token,
4502: check to see if the attribute is already present on the top
4503: element of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>. If it is not,
4504: add the attribute and its corresponding value to that element.</p>
4505: </dd>
4506:
4507: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "base", "command",
4508: "link", "meta", "noframes", "script", "style", "title"</dt>
4509: <dd>
4510: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
4511: mode</a>.</p>
4512: </dd>
4513:
4514: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4515: <dd>
4516:
4517: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4518:
4519: <p>If the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.159 mike 4520: elements</a> is not a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element, or, if the
1.1 mike 4521: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it,
4522: then ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
4523:
4524: <p>Otherwise, for each attribute on the token, check to see if
1.159 mike 4525: the attribute is already present on the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>
1.1 mike 4526: element (the second element) on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4527: elements</a>. If it is not, add the attribute and its
4528: corresponding value to that element.</p>
4529:
4530: </dd>
4531:
4532: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
4533: <dd>
4534:
4535: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
4536:
4537: <p>If the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.159 mike 4538: elements</a> is not a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element, or, if the
1.1 mike 4539: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has only one node on it,
4540: then ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
4541:
4542: <p>If the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> is set to "not ok", ignore
4543: the token.</p>
4544:
4545: <p>Otherwise, run the following steps:</p>
4546:
4547: <ol><li><p>Remove the second element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4548: elements</a> from its parent node, if it has one.</p></li>
4549:
4550: <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the bottom of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
4551: open elements</a>, from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up to,
1.159 mike 4552: but not including, the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element.</p>
1.1 mike 4553:
4554: </li><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the
4555: token.</p></li>
4556:
4557: <li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>".</p>
4558:
4559: </li></ol></dd>
4560:
4561: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
4562: <dd>
4563:
4564: <p>If there is a node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
1.422 mike 4565: that is not either a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code>
4566: element, an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, a
1.1 mike 4567: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element, a
4568: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element, a
4569: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, the
1.159 mike 4570: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element, or the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then
1.1 mike 4571: this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are
1.422 mike 4572: fragment cases) -->
1.1 mike 4573:
4574: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
4575:
4576: </dd>
4577:
4578: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "body"</dt>
4579: <dd>
4580:
4581: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have a <code>body</code> element
4582: in scope</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the
4583: token.</p>
4584:
4585: <!-- if we get here, the insertion mode here is forcibly "in
4586: body". -->
4587:
4588: <p>Otherwise, if there is a node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.422 mike 4589: elements</a> that is not either a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> element, a
1.1 mike 4590: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element, an
4591: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, a
4592: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rp-element">rp</a></code> element, an
4593: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-rt-element">rt</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element, a
4594: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code> element, a
4595: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element, a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code> element, a
1.159 mike 4596: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code> element, or the
4597: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 4598: error</a>.</p> <!-- (some of those are fragment cases, e.g. for
4599: <tbody> you'd have hit the first paragraph since the <body>
1.422 mike 4600: wouldn't be in scope, unless it was a fragment case) -->
1.1 mike 4601:
4602: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
4603: then we'd have to somehow keep track of its state when we switch
4604: to after-body. -->
4605:
4606: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion mode: after body">after body</a>".</p>
4607:
4608: </dd>
4609:
4610: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
4611: <dd>
4612:
4613: <p>Act as if an end tag with tag name "body" had been seen,
4614: then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the current
4615: token.</p>
4616:
4617: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
4618: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
4619:
4620: </dd>
4621:
4622: <!-- start tags for non-phrasing flow content elements -->
4623:
4624: <!-- the normal ones -->
4625: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article",
1.86 mike 4626: "aside", "blockquote", "center", <!--v2DATAGRID-->"datagrid",
1.305 mike 4627: "details", "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figure", "footer",
4628: "header", "hgroup", "menu", "nav", "ol", "p", "section", "ul"</dt>
1.1 mike 4629: <dd>
4630:
4631: <!-- As of May 2008 this doesn't match any browser exactly, but is
4632: as close to what IE does as I can get without doing the non-tree
4633: DOM nonsense, and thus should actually afford better compatibility
4634: when implemented by the other browsers. -->
4635:
4636: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4637: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4638: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4639: "p" had been seen.</p>
4640:
4641: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4642:
4643: </dd>
4644:
4645: <!-- as normal, but close h1-h6 if it's the current node -->
4646: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
4647: "h5", "h6"</dt>
4648: <dd>
4649:
4650: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4651: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4652: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4653: "p" had been seen.</p>
4654:
4655: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element whose tag name
4656: is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6", then this is a
4657: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off
4658: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
4659: <!-- See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12646 -->
4660:
4661: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4662:
4663: </dd>
4664:
4665: <!-- as normal, but drops leading newline -->
4666: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "pre", "listing"</dt>
4667: <dd>
4668:
4669: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4670: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4671: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4672: "p" had been seen.</p>
4673:
4674: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4675:
4676: <p>If the next token is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character
4677: token, then ignore that token and move on to the next
4678: one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code> blocks are
4679: ignored as an authoring convenience.)</p>
4680:
4681: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
4682:
4683: </dd>
4684:
4685: <!-- as normal, but interacts with the form element pointer -->
4686: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
4687: <dd>
4688:
4689: <p>If the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="form">form</code> element
4690: pointer</a> is not null, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4691: error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4692:
4693: <p>Otherwise:</p>
4694:
4695: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4696: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4697: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4698: "p" had been seen.</p>
4699:
4700: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, and set the
4701: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="form">form</code> element pointer</a> to
4702: point to the element created.</p>
4703:
4704: </dd>
4705:
4706: <!-- as normal, but imply </li> when there's another <li> open in weird cases -->
4707: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "li"</dt>
4708: <dd>
4709:
4710: <p>Run the following algorithm:</p>
4711:
4712: <ol><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p></li>
4713:
4714: <li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
4715: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
4716:
4717: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-li-element">li</a></code> element,
4718: then act as if an end tag with the tag name "li" had
4719: been seen, then jump to the last step.</p></li>
4720:
4721: <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is not in the
4722: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category, and is not in the
4723: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> category, and is not an
1.306 mike 4724: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>
1.1 mike 4725: element, then jump to the last step.</p></li> <!-- an element
4726: <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
4727:
4728: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><body><ol><li><foo><li>
4729:
4730: ...results in the second <li> not being (in any way) a descendant
4731: of the first <li>, or if <foo> is a formatting element that gets
4732: reopened later. -->
4733:
4734: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
4735: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to
4736: the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p></li>
4737:
4738: <li>
4739:
4740: <p>This is the last step.</p>
4741:
4742: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4743: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4744: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4745: "p" had been seen.</p>
4746:
4747: <p>Finally, <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a> for the
4748: token.</p>
4749:
4750: </li>
4751:
4752: </ol></dd>
4753:
4754: <!-- as normal, but imply </dt> or </dd> when there's another <dt> or <dd> open in weird cases -->
1.422 mike 4755: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt"</dt>
1.1 mike 4756: <dd>
4757:
4758: <p>Run the following algorithm:</p>
4759:
4760: <ol><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p></li>
4761:
4762: <li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
4763: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
4764:
4765: <li><p><i>Loop</i>: If <var title="">node</var> is a
1.422 mike 4766: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dd-element">dd</a></code> or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-dt-element">dt</a></code> element, then act as if an end
4767: tag with the same tag name as <var title="">node</var> had been
4768: seen, then jump to the last step.</p></li>
1.1 mike 4769:
4770: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> is not in the
4771: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category, and is not in the
4772: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> category, and is not an
1.306 mike 4773: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-address-element">address</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>
1.1 mike 4774: element, then jump to the last step.</p></li> <!-- an element
4775: <foo> is in this list if the following markup:
4776:
4777: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><body><dl><dt><foo><dt>
4778:
4779: ...results in the second <dt> not being (in any way) a descendant
4780: of the first <dt>, or if <foo> is a formatting element that gets
4781: reopened later. -->
4782:
4783: <li><p>Otherwise, set <var title="">node</var> to the previous
4784: entry in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> and return to
4785: the step labeled <i>loop</i>.</p></li>
4786:
4787: <li>
4788:
4789: <p>This is the last step.</p>
4790:
4791: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4792: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4793: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4794: "p" had been seen.</p>
4795:
4796: <p>Finally, <a href="#insert-an-html-element">insert an HTML element</a> for the
4797: token.</p>
4798:
4799: </li>
4800:
4801: </ol></dd>
4802:
4803: <!-- same as normal, but effectively ends parsing -->
4804: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "plaintext"</dt>
4805: <dd>
4806:
4807: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
4808: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
4809: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
4810: "p" had been seen.</p>
4811:
4812: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
4813:
4814: <p>Switch the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the PLAINTEXT
4815: state.</p>
4816:
4817: <p class="note">Once a start tag with the tag name "plaintext"
4818: has been seen, that will be the last token ever seen other
4819: than character tokens (and the end-of-file token), because
4820: there is no way to switch the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a>
4821: out of the PLAINTEXT state.</p>
4822:
4823: </dd>
4824:
4825: <!-- end tags for non-phrasing flow content elements -->
4826:
4827: <!-- the normal ones -->
4828: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "address", "article",
1.86 mike 4829: "aside", "blockquote", "center", <!--v2DATAGRID-->"datagrid",
1.305 mike 4830: "details", "dir", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figure", "footer",
4831: "header", "hgroup", "listing", "menu", "nav", "ol", "pre",
4832: "section", "ul"</dt>
1.1 mike 4833: <dd>
4834:
4835: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4836: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4837: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4838:
4839: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4840:
4841: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4842:
4843: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4844: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4845: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4846:
4847: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4848: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4849: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4850:
4851: </ol></dd>
4852:
4853: <!-- removes the form element pointer instead of the matching node -->
4854: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "form"</dt>
4855: <dd>
4856:
4857: <p>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element that the
4858: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a> is set
4859: to.</p>
4860:
4861: <p>Set the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element pointer</a>
4862: to null.</p>
4863:
4864: <p>If <var title="">node</var> is null or the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
4865: elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in
4866: scope">have <var title="">node</var> in scope</a>, then this is
4867: a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4868:
4869: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4870:
4871: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4872:
4873: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not <var title="">node</var>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
4874: error</a>.</p></li>
4875:
4876: <li><p>Remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
4877: open elements</a>.</p></li>
4878:
4879: </ol></dd>
4880:
4881: <!-- as normal, except </p> implies <p> if there's no <p> in scope, and needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
4882: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "p"</dt>
4883: <dd>
4884:
4885: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4886: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4887: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if a start tag with the tag name
4888: "p" had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
4889:
4890: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4891:
4892: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>, except
4893: for elements with the same tag name as the token.</p></li>
4894:
4895: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4896: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4897: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4898:
4899: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4900: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4901: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4902:
4903: </ol></dd>
4904:
1.234 mike 4905: <!-- as normal, but needs care as the elements have optional tags, and are further scoped by <ol>/<ul> -->
4906: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "li"</dt>
4907: <dd>
4908:
4909: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-list-item-scope" title="has an element in list item scope">have an element in list
4910: item scope</a> with the same tag name as that of the token,
4911: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4912:
4913: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4914:
4915: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>, except
4916: for elements with the same tag name as the token.</p></li>
4917:
4918: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4919: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4920: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4921:
4922: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4923: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4924: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4925:
4926: </ol></dd>
4927:
1.1 mike 4928: <!-- as normal, but needs care as the elements have optional tags -->
1.422 mike 4929: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "dd", "dt"</dt>
1.1 mike 4930: <dd>
4931:
4932: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4933: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4934: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4935:
4936: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4937:
4938: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>, except
4939: for elements with the same tag name as the token.</p></li>
4940:
4941: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4942: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4943: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4944:
4945: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4946: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
4947: popped from the stack.</p></li>
4948:
4949: </ol></dd>
4950:
4951: <!-- as normal, except acts as a closer for any of the h1-h6 elements -->
4952: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6"</dt>
4953: <dd>
4954:
4955: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
4956: whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", or "h6",
4957: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
4958:
4959: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
4960:
4961: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
4962:
4963: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
4964: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
4965: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
4966:
4967: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
4968: until an element whose tag name is one of "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4",
4969: "h5", or "h6" has been popped from the stack.</p></li>
4970:
4971: </ol></dd>
4972:
4973: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "sarcasm"</dt>
4974: <dd>
4975: <p>Take a deep breath, then act as described in the "any other end
4976: tag" entry below.</p>
4977: </dd>
4978:
4979: <!-- ADOPTION AGENCY ELEMENTS
4980: Mozilla-only: bdo blink del ins sub sup q
4981: Safari-only: code dfn kbd nobr samp var wbr
4982: Both: a b big em font i s small strike strong tt u -->
4983:
4984: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "a"</dt>
4985: <dd>
4986:
4987: <p>If the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>
4988: contains an element whose tag name is "a" between the end of
4989: the list and the last marker on the list (or the start of the
4990: list if there is no marker on the list), then this is a
4991: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if an end tag with the tag
4992: name "a" had been seen, then remove that element from the
4993: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> and the
4994: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> if the end tag didn't
4995: already remove it (it might not have if the element is not
4996: <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">in table
4997: scope</a>).</p>
4998:
4999: <p class="example">In the non-conforming stream
5000: <code><a href="a">a<table><a href="b">b</table>x</code>,
5001: the first <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element would be closed upon seeing
5002: the second one, and the "x" character would be inside a link
5003: to "b", not to "a". This is despite the fact that the outer
5004: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element is not in table scope (meaning that a
5005: regular <code></a></code> end tag at the start of the table
5006: wouldn't close the outer <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code> element).</p>
5007:
5008: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5009: any.</p>
5010:
5011: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
5012: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5013: elements</a>.</p>
5014:
5015: </dd>
5016:
5017: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "b", "big", "code", "em",
5018: "font", "i", "s", "small", "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
5019: <dd>
5020:
5021: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5022: any.</p>
5023:
5024: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
5025: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5026: elements</a>.</p>
5027:
5028: </dd>
5029:
5030: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "nobr"</dt>
5031: <dd>
5032:
5033: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5034: any.</p>
5035:
5036: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5037: element in scope">has a <code>nobr</code> element in scope</a>,
5038: then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; act as if an end tag with
5039: the tag name "nobr" had been seen, then once again
5040: <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5041: any.</p>
5042:
5043: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Add that
5044: element to the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5045: elements</a>.</p>
5046:
5047: </dd>
5048:
5049: <dt id="adoptionAgency">An end tag whose tag name is one of: "a",
5050: "b", "big", "code", "em", "font", "i", "nobr", "s", "small",
5051: "strike", "strong", "tt", "u"</dt>
5052: <dd>
5053:
5054: <p>Follow these steps:</p>
5055:
5056: <ol><li>
5057:
5058: <p>Let the <var title="">formatting element</var> be the
5059: last element in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5060: elements</a> that:</p>
5061:
5062: <ul><li>is between the end of the list and the last scope
5063: marker in the list, if any, or the start of the list
5064: otherwise, and</li>
5065:
5066: <li>has the same tag name as the token.</li>
5067:
5068: </ul><p>If there is no such node, or, if that node is also in the
5069: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> but the element is not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">in scope</a>, then this is a
5070: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token, and abort these
5071: steps.</p>
5072:
5073: <p>Otherwise, if there is such a node, but that node is not
5074: in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, then this is a
5075: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; remove the element from the list,
5076: and abort these steps.</p>
5077:
5078: <p>Otherwise, there is a <var title="">formatting
5079: element</var> and that element is in <a href="#stack-of-open-elements" title="stack of
5080: open elements">the stack</a> and is <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5081: element in scope">in scope</a>. If the element is not the
5082: <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
5083: error</a>. In any case, proceed with the algorithm as
5084: written in the following steps.</p>
5085:
5086: </li>
5087:
5088: <li><p>Let the <var title="">furthest block</var> be the
5089: topmost node in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> that
5090: is lower in the stack than the <var title="">formatting
5091: element</var>, and is not an element in the
5092: <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a> or <a href="#formatting">formatting</a>
5093: categories. There might not be one.</p></li>
5094:
5095: <li><p>If there is no <var title="">furthest block</var>,
5096: then the UA must skip the subsequent steps and instead just
5097: pop all the nodes from the bottom of the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5098: elements</a>, from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up to and
5099: including the <var title="">formatting element</var>, and
5100: remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
5101: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>.</p></li>
5102:
5103: <li><p>Let the <var title="">common ancestor</var> be the element
5104: immediately above the <var title="">formatting element</var> in the
5105: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p></li>
5106:
5107: <li><p>Let a bookmark note the position of the <var title="">formatting element</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5108: formatting elements</a> relative to the elements on either
5109: side of it in the list.</p></li>
5110:
5111: <li>
5112:
5113: <p>Let <var title="">node</var> and <var title="">last node</var> be the
5114: <var title="">furthest block</var>. Follow these steps:</p>
5115:
5116: <ol><li>Let <var title="">node</var> be the element immediately
5117: above <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.436 mike 5118: elements</a>, or if <var title="">node</var> is no longer in
5119: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (e.g. because it got
5120: removed by the next step), the element that was immediately
5121: above <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5122: elements</a> before <var title="">node</var> was
5123: removed.</li>
1.1 mike 5124:
5125: <li>If <var title="">node</var> is not in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
5126: active formatting elements</a>, then remove <var title="">node</var> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5127: elements</a> and then go back to step 1.</li>
5128:
5129: <li>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is the <var title="">formatting element</var>, then go to the next step
5130: in the overall algorithm.</li>
5131:
5132: <li>Otherwise, if <var title="">last node</var> is the <var title="">furthest block</var>, then move the aforementioned
5133: bookmark to be immediately after the <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5134: elements</a>.</li>
5135:
5136: <li><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
5137: element <var title="">node</var> was created, replace the entry
5138: for <var title="">node</var> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5139: formatting elements</a> with an entry for the new element,
5140: replace the entry for <var title="">node</var> in the
5141: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> with an entry for the new
5142: element, and let <var title="">node</var> be the new
5143: element.</li>
5144:
5145: <li>Insert <var title="">last node</var> into <var title="">node</var>, first removing it from its previous
5146: parent node if any.</li>
5147:
5148: <li>Let <var title="">last node</var> be <var title="">node</var>.</li>
5149:
5150: <li>Return to step 1 of this inner set of steps.</li>
5151:
5152: </ol></li>
5153:
5154: <li>
5155:
5156: <p>If the <var title="">common ancestor</var> node is a
5157: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>,
5158: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then,
5159: <a href="#foster-parent">foster parent</a> whatever <var title="">last
5160: node</var> ended up being in the previous step, first removing
5161: it from its previous parent node if any.</p>
5162:
5163: <p>Otherwise, append whatever <var title="">last node</var>
5164: ended up being in the previous step to the <var title="">common
5165: ancestor</var> node, first removing it from its previous parent
5166: node if any.</p>
5167:
5168: </li>
5169:
5170: <li><p><a href="#create-an-element-for-the-token">Create an element for the token</a> for which the
5171: <var title="">formatting element</var> was created.</p></li>
5172:
5173: <li><p>Take all of the child nodes of the <var title="">furthest
5174: block</var> and append them to the element created in the last
5175: step.</p></li>
5176:
5177: <li><p>Append that new element to the <var title="">furthest
5178: block</var>.</p></li>
5179:
5180: <li><p>Remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
5181: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a>, and insert the
5182: new element into the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
5183: elements</a> at the position of the aforementioned
5184: bookmark.</p></li>
5185:
5186: <li><p>Remove the <var title="">formatting element</var> from the
5187: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>, and insert the new element
5188: into the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> immediately below
5189: the position of the <var title="">furthest block</var> in that
5190: stack.</p></li>
5191:
5192: <li><p>Jump back to step 1 in this series of steps.</p></li>
5193:
1.334 mike 5194: </ol><p class="note">Because of the way this algorithm causes elements
1.304 mike 5195: to change parents, it has been dubbed the "adoption agency
5196: algorithm" (in contrast with other possible algorithms for dealing
5197: with misnested content, which included the "incest algorithm", the
1.1 mike 5198: "secret affair algorithm", and the "Heisenberg algorithm").</p>
5199:
5200: </dd>
5201:
5202: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "button"</dt>
5203: <dd>
5204:
5205: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
5206: an element in scope">has a <code>button</code> element in
5207: scope</a>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>;
5208: act as if an end tag with the tag name "button" had been seen,
5209: then reprocess the token.</p>
5210:
5211: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5212:
5213: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5214: any.</p>
5215:
5216: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5217:
5218: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5219: formatting elements</a>.</p>
5220:
5221: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5222:
5223: </dd>
5224:
5225: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is one of: "applet",
5226: "marquee", "object"</dt>
5227: <dd>
5228:
5229: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5230: any.</p>
5231:
5232: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5233:
5234: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5235: formatting elements</a>.</p>
5236:
5237: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5238:
5239: </dd>
5240:
5241: <dt>An end tag token whose tag name is one of: "applet", "button",
5242: "marquee", "object"</dt>
5243: <dd>
5244:
5245: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">have an element in scope</a>
5246: with the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
5247: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
5248:
5249: <p>Otherwise, run these steps:</p>
5250:
5251: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
5252:
5253: <li><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element with
5254: the same tag name as that of the token, then this is a
5255: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
5256:
5257: <li><p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
5258: until an element with the same tag name as the token has been
5259: popped from the stack.</p></li>
5260:
5261: <li><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to the
5262: last marker</a>.</li>
5263:
5264: </ol></dd>
5265:
5266: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5267: <dd>
5268:
5269: <p>If the <code>Document</code> is <em>not</em> set to
5270: <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5271: elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an element in scope">has a
5272: <code>p</code> element in scope</a>, then act as if an end tag
5273: with the tag name "p" had been seen.</p> <!-- i hate myself (this
5274: quirk was basically caused by acid2; if i'd realised we could
5275: change the specs when i wrote acid2, we could have avoided having
5276: any parsing-mode quirks) -Hixie -->
5277:
5278: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5279:
5280: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5281:
5282: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
5283:
5284: </dd>
5285:
5286: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "basefont",
5287: "bgsound", "br", "embed", "img", "input", "keygen", "spacer",
5288: "wbr"</dt>
5289: <dd>
5290:
5291: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5292: any.</p>
5293:
5294: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
5295: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5296: elements</a>.</p>
5297:
5298: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5299: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
5300:
5301: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p> <!--
5302: shouldn't really do it for <area>, <basefont>, <bgsound>, and
5303: <spacer> -->
5304:
5305: </dd>
5306:
5307: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "param", "source"</dt>
5308: <dd>
5309:
5310: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
5311: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5312: elements</a>.</p>
5313:
5314: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5315: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
5316:
5317: </dd>
5318:
5319: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "hr"</dt>
5320: <dd>
5321:
5322: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
5323: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
5324: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
5325: "p" had been seen.</p>
5326:
5327: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
5328: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5329: elements</a>.</p>
5330:
5331: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5332: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
5333:
5334: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5335:
5336: </dd>
5337:
5338: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "image"</dt>
5339: <dd>
5340: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Change the token's tag name
5341: to "img" and reprocess it. (Don't ask.)</p> <!-- As of
5342: 2005-12, studies showed that around 0.2% of pages used the
5343: <image> element. -->
5344: </dd>
5345:
5346: <dt id="isindex">A start tag whose tag name is "isindex"</dt>
5347: <dd>
5348:
5349: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5350:
5351: <p>If the <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code title="">form</code> element
5352: pointer</a> is not null, then ignore the token.</p>
5353:
5354: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5355:
5356: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
5357: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p> <!--
5358: purely to reduce the number of errors (we don't care if they
5359: included the /, they're not supposed to be including the tag at
5360: all! -->
5361:
5362: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "form" had been seen.</p>
5363:
5364: <p>If the token has an attribute called "action", set the
5365: <code title="attr-form-action">action</code> attribute on the
5366: resulting <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element to the value of the
5367: "action" attribute of the token.</p>
5368:
5369: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "hr" had been
5370: seen.</p>
5371:
5372: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "label" had been
5373: seen.</p>
5374:
5375: <p>Act as if a stream of character tokens had been seen (see below
5376: for what they should say).</p>
5377:
5378: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "input" had been
5379: seen, with all the attributes from the "isindex" token except
5380: "name", "action", and "prompt". Set the <code title="attr-fe-name"><a href="forms.html#attr-fe-name">name</a></code> attribute of the resulting
5381: <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element to the value "<code title="">isindex</code>".</p>
5382:
5383: <p>Act as if a stream of character tokens had been seen (see
5384: below for what they should say).</p>
5385:
5386: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "label" had been
5387: seen.</p>
5388:
5389: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "hr" had been
5390: seen.</p>
5391:
5392: <p>Act as if an end tag token with the tag name "form" had been
5393: seen.</p>
5394:
5395: <p>If the token has an attribute with the name "prompt", then the
5396: first stream of characters must be the same string as given in
5397: that attribute, and the second stream of characters must be
5398: empty. Otherwise, the two streams of character tokens together
5399: should, together with the <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element, express the
5400: equivalent of "This is a searchable index. Insert your search
5401: keywords here: (input field)" in the user's preferred
5402: language.</p>
5403:
5404: </dd>
5405:
5406: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "textarea"</dt>
5407: <dd>
5408:
5409: <ol><li><p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the
5410: token.</p></li>
5411:
5412: <li><p>If the next token is a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character
5413: token, then ignore that token and move on to the next
5414: one. (Newlines at the start of <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code> elements are
5415: ignored as an authoring convenience.)</p></li>
5416:
5417: <li><p>Switch the tokenizer's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
5418: the RCDATA state.</p></li>
5419:
5420: <li><p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the
5421: current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
5422:
5423: </li><li><p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not
5424: ok".</p></li>
5425:
1.91 mike 5426: <li><p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in
5427: RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>".</p></li>
1.1 mike 5428:
5429: </ol></dd>
5430:
5431: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "xmp"</dt>
5432: <dd>
5433:
1.233 mike 5434: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has
5435: an element in scope">has a <code>p</code> element in
5436: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
5437: "p" had been seen.</p>
5438:
1.1 mike 5439: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5440: any.</p>
5441:
5442: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5443:
1.91 mike 5444: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 5445:
5446: </dd>
5447:
5448: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "iframe"</dt>
5449: <dd>
5450:
5451: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5452:
1.91 mike 5453: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 5454:
5455: </dd>
5456:
5457: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noembed"</dt>
5458: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled</dt>
5459: <dd>
5460:
1.91 mike 5461: <p>Follow the <a href="#generic-raw-text-element-parsing-algorithm">generic raw text element parsing algorithm</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 5462:
5463: </dd>
5464:
5465: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
5466: <dd>
5467:
5468: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5469: any.</p>
5470:
5471: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5472:
5473: <p>Set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
5474:
5475: <p>If the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is one of <a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</a>",
5476: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
5477: body</a>", "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in
5478: row</a>", or "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in
5479: cell</a>", then switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
5480: "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in
5481: table</a>". Otherwise, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
5482: to "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>".</p>
5483:
5484: </dd>
5485:
5486: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "optgroup", "option"</dt>
5487: <dd>
5488:
5489: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5490: element in scope">has an <code>option</code> element in
5491: scope</a>, then act as if an end tag with the tag name "option"
5492: had been seen.</p>
5493:
5494: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5495: any.</p>
5496:
5497: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5498:
5499: </dd>
5500:
5501: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "rp", "rt"</dt>
5502: <dd>
5503:
5504: <!-- the parsing rules for ruby really don't match IE much at all,
5505: but in practice the markup used is very simple and so strict
5506: compatibility with IE isn't required. For example, as defined
5507: here we get very, very different behaviour than IE for
5508: pathological cases like:
5509:
5510: <ruby><ol><li><p>a<rt>b
5511: <ruby>a<rt>b<p>c
5512:
5513: But in practice most ruby markup falls into these cases:
5514:
5515: <ruby>a<rt>b</ruby>
5516: <ruby>a<rp>b<rt>c<rp>d</ruby>
5517: <ruby>a<rt>b</rt></ruby>
5518: <ruby>a<rp>b</rp><rt>c</rt><rp>d</rp></ruby>
5519:
5520: -->
5521:
5522: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
5523: element in scope">has a <code>ruby</code> element in scope</a>,
5524: then <a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">generate implied end tags</a>. If the <a href="#current-node">current
5525: node</a> is not then a <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> element, this is a
5526: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; pop all the nodes from the <a href="#current-node">current
5527: node</a> up to the node immediately before the bottommost
5528: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-ruby-element">ruby</a></code> element on the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5529: elements</a>.</p>
5530:
5531: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5532:
5533: </dd>
5534:
5535: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "br"</dt>
5536: <dd>
5537: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if a start tag token with
5538: the tag name "br" had been seen. Ignore the end tag token.</p>
5539: </dd>
5540:
5541: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "math"</dt>
5542: <dd>
5543:
5544: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5545: any.</p>
5546:
5547: <p><a href="#adjust-mathml-attributes">Adjust MathML attributes</a> for the token. (This
5548: fixes the case of MathML attributes that are not all
5549: lowercase.)</p>
5550:
5551: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
5552: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink.)</p>
5553:
5554: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
5555: <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</p>
5556:
5557: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
5558: the following change would be implied, except we'd have to do it
5559: even in the face of a self-closed tag:
5560: <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
5561: -->
5562:
5563: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
5564: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5565: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
5566: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
5567:
5568: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is not already
5569: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
5570: content</a>", let the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be
5571: the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, and then switch the
5572: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
5573: foreign content">in foreign content</a>".</p>
5574:
5575: </dd>
5576:
5577: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "svg"</dt>
5578: <dd>
5579:
5580: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5581: any.</p>
5582:
5583: <p><a href="#adjust-svg-attributes">Adjust SVG attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes
5584: the case of SVG attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
5585:
5586: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
5587: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink in
5588: SVG.)</p>
5589:
5590: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
5591: <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</p>
5592:
5593: <!-- If we ever change the frameset-ok flag to an insertion mode,
5594: the following change would be implied, except we'd have to do it
5595: even in the face of a self-closed tag:
5596: <p>Set the <span>frameset-ok flag</span> to "not ok".</p>
5597: -->
5598:
5599: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
5600: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5601: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
5602: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
5603:
5604: <p>Otherwise, if the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is not already
5605: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
5606: content</a>", let the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a> be
5607: the current <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, and then switch the
5608: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in
5609: foreign content">in foreign content</a>".</p>
5610:
5611: </dd>
5612:
5613: <dt>A start <!--or end--> tag whose tag name is one of: "caption",
5614: "col", "colgroup", "frame", "head", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th",
5615: "thead", "tr"</dt>
5616: <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "area", "base",
5617: "basefont", "bgsound", "command", "embed", "hr", "iframe", "image",
5618: "img", "input", "isindex", "keygen", "link", "meta", "noembed",
5619: "noframes", "param", "script", "select", "source", "spacer",
5620: "style", "table", "textarea", "title", "wbr"</dt>-->
5621: <!--<dt>An end tag whose tag name is "noscript", if the
5622: <span>scripting flag</span> is enabled</dt>-->
5623: <dd>
5624: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5625: <!-- end tags are commented out because since they can never end
5626: up on the stack anyway, the default end tag clause will
5627: automatically handle them. we don't want to have text in the spec
5628: that is just an optimisation, as that detracts from the spec
5629: itself -->
5630: </dd>
5631:
5632: <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
5633: <dd>
5634:
5635: <p><a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements">Reconstruct the active formatting elements</a>, if
5636: any.</p>
5637:
5638: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5639:
5640: <p class="note">This element will be a <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a>
5641: element.</p>
5642:
5643: </dd>
5644:
5645: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
5646: <dd>
5647:
5648: <p>Run the following steps:</p>
5649:
5650: <ol><li><p>Initialize <var title="">node</var> to be the <a href="#current-node">current
5651: node</a> (the bottommost node of the stack).</p></li>
5652:
5653: <li><p>If <var title="">node</var> has the same tag name as
5654: the end tag token, then:</p>
5655:
5656: <ol><li><p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p></li>
5657:
5658: <li><p>If the tag name of the end tag token does not match
5659: the tag name of the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, this is a
5660: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p></li>
5661:
5662: <li><p>Pop all the nodes from the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> up
5663: to <var title="">node</var>, including <var title="">node</var>, then stop these steps.</p></li>
5664:
5665: </ol></li>
5666:
5667: <li><p>Otherwise, if <var title="">node</var> is in neither the
5668: <a href="#formatting">formatting</a> category nor the <a href="#phrasing">phrasing</a>
5669: category, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the
5670: token, and abort these steps.</p></li>
5671:
5672: <li><p>Set <var title="">node</var> to the previous entry in the
5673: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p></li>
5674:
5675: <li><p>Return to step 2.</p></li>
5676:
5677: </ol></dd>
5678:
1.91 mike 5679: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incdata"><span class="secno">9.2.5.11 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in RAWTEXT/RCDATA</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
1.1 mike 5680:
5681: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incdata" title="insertion
1.91 mike 5682: mode: in RAWTEXT/RCDATA">in RAWTEXT/RCDATA</a>", tokens must be
1.1 mike 5683: handled as follows:</p>
5684:
5685: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
5686: <dd>
5687:
5688: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
5689: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
5690:
5691: </dd>
5692:
5693: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
5694: <dd>
5695:
5696: <!-- can't be the fragment case -->
5697: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5698:
5699: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>
5700: element, mark the <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element as <a href="semantics.html#already-executed">"already
5701: executed"</a>.</p>
5702:
5703: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5704: elements</a>.</p>
5705:
5706: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5707: insertion mode</a> and reprocess the current token.</p>
5708:
5709: </dd>
5710:
5711: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "script"</dt>
5712: <dd>
5713:
5714: <p>Let <var title="">script</var> be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>
5715: (which will be a <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element).</p>
5716:
5717: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5718: elements</a>.</p>
5719:
5720: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5721: insertion mode</a>.</p>
5722:
5723: <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the
5724: same value as the current <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a>. Let
5725: the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the <a href="#next-input-character">next
5726: input character</a>.</p>
5727:
5728: <p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
5729: one.</p>
5730:
5731: <p><a href="semantics.html#running-a-script" title="running a script">Run</a> the <var title="">script</var>. This might cause some script to execute,
1.159 mike 5732: which might cause <a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write" title="dom-document-write">new characters
1.1 mike 5733: to be inserted into the tokenizer</a>, and might cause the
5734: tokenizer to output more tokens, resulting in a <a href="#nestedParsing">reentrant invocation of the parser</a>.</p>
5735:
5736: <p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
5737: one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is zero,
5738: then set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
5739:
5740: <p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion point</var>. (In other words, restore the
5741: <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> to its previous value. This value
5742: might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
5743:
5744: <p id="scriptTagParserResumes">At this stage, if there is a
5745: <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending external script</a>, then:</p>
5746:
5747: <dl class="switch"><dt>If the <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is not zero:</dt>
5748:
5749: <dd>
5750:
5751: <p>Set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to true, and abort the
5752: processing of any nested invocations of the tokenizer, yielding
5753: control back to the caller. (Tokenization will resume when the
5754: caller returns to the "outer" tree construction stage.)</p>
5755:
5756: <p class="note">The tree construction stage of this particular
5757: parser is <a href="#nestedParsing">being called reentrantly</a>,
1.159 mike 5758: say from a call to <code title="dom-document-write"><a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write">document.write()</a></code>.</p>
1.1 mike 5759:
5760: </dd>
5761:
5762:
5763: <dt>Otherwise:</dt>
5764:
5765: <dd>
5766:
5767: <p>Follow these steps:</p>
5768:
5769: <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">the script</var> be the <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending
5770: external script</a>. There is no longer a <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending
5771: external script</a>.</p></li>
5772:
5773: <li><p><a href="browsers.html#pause">Pause</a> until the script has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
5774: loading</a>.</p></li>
5775:
5776: <li><p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the
5777: <a href="#next-input-character">next input character</a>.</p></li>
5778:
5779: <li><p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a>
5780: by one (it should be zero before this step, so this sets it to
5781: one).</p></li>
5782:
5783: <li><p><a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a script block">Execute the
5784: script</a>.</p></li>
5785:
5786: <li><p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a>
5787: by one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is
5788: zero (which it always should be at this point), then set the
5789: <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
5790:
5791: </li><li><p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be undefined
5792: again.</p></li>
5793:
5794: <li><p>If there is once again a <a href="semantics.html#pending-external-script">pending external
5795: script</a>, then repeat these steps from step 1.</p></li>
5796:
5797: </ol></dd>
5798:
5799: </dl></dd>
5800:
5801: <dt>Any other end tag</dt>
5802: <dd>
5803:
5804: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
5805: elements</a>.</p>
5806:
5807: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
5808: insertion mode</a>.</p>
5809:
5810: </dd>
5811:
5812: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-intable"><span class="secno">9.2.5.12 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table">in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5813:
5814: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion
5815: mode: in table">in table</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
5816:
5817: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
5818: <dd>
5819:
5820: <p>Let the <dfn id="pending-table-character-tokens"><var>pending table character tokens</var></dfn>
5821: be an empty list of tokens.</p>
5822:
5823: <p>Let the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original insertion mode</a> be the current
5824: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>.</p>
5825:
5826: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</a>" and
5827: reprocess the token.</p>
5828:
5829: </dd>
5830:
5831: <dt>A comment token</dt>
5832: <dd>
5833: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
5834: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
5835: the data given in the comment token.</p>
5836: </dd>
5837:
5838: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
5839: <dd>
5840: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5841: </dd>
5842:
5843: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
5844: <dd>
5845:
5846: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5847: below.)</p>
5848:
5849: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
5850: formatting elements</a>.</p>
5851:
5852: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5853: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</a>".</p>
5854:
5855: </dd>
5856:
5857: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
5858: <dd>
5859:
5860: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5861: below.)</p>
5862:
5863: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5864: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion mode: in column group">in column
5865: group</a>".</p>
5866:
5867: </dd>
5868:
5869: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
5870: <dd>
5871: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "colgroup"
5872: had been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5873: </dd>
5874:
5875: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
5876: <dd>
5877:
5878: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">Clear the stack back to a table context</a>. (See
5879: below.)</p>
5880:
5881: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then
5882: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
5883: body</a>".</p>
5884:
5885: </dd>
5886:
5887: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th", "tr"</dt>
5888: <dd>
5889: <p>Act as if a start tag token with the tag name "tbody" had
5890: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
5891: </dd>
5892:
5893: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5894: <dd>
5895:
5896: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag token with
5897: the tag name "table" had been seen, then, if that token wasn't
5898: ignored, reprocess the current token.</p>
5899:
5900: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
5901: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5902:
5903: </dd>
5904:
5905: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
5906: <dd>
5907:
5908: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
5909: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
5910: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
5911: case</a>)</p>
5912:
5913: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5914:
5915: <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
5916: element has been popped from the stack.</p>
5917:
5918: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
5919:
5920: </dd>
5921:
5922: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
5923: "col", "colgroup", "html", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th",
5924: "thead", "tr"</dt>
5925: <dd>
5926: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
5927: </dd>
5928:
5929: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "style", "script"</dt>
5930: <dd>
5931:
5932: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
5933: mode</a>.</p>
5934:
5935: </dd>
5936:
5937: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "input"</dt>
5938: <dd>
5939:
5940: <p>If the token does not have an attribute with the name "type",
5941: or if it does, but that attribute's value is not an <a href="infrastructure.html#ascii-case-insensitive">ASCII
5942: case-insensitive</a> match for the string "<code title="">hidden</code>", then: act as described in the "anything
5943: else" entry below.</p>
5944:
5945: <p>Otherwise:</p>
5946:
5947: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
5948:
5949: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
5950:
5951: <p>Pop that <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code> element off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
5952: open elements</a>.</p>
5953:
5954: </dd>
5955:
5956: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
5957: <dd>
5958:
5959: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
1.159 mike 5960: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 5961: error</a>.</p>
5962:
5963: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
5964: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
5965:
5966: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
5967:
5968: </dd>
5969:
5970: <dt>Anything else</dt>
5971: <dd>
5972:
5973: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the
5974: rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
5975: body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>, except that if the
5976: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
5977: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or
5978: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element, then, whenever a node would be inserted
5979: into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>, it must instead be <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster parent">foster parented</a>.</p>
5980:
5981: </dd>
5982:
5983: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-context">clear the stack
5984: back to a table context</dfn>, it means that the UA must, while
5985: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>
1.159 mike 5986: element or an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, pop elements from the
1.1 mike 5987: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
5988:
5989: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
1.159 mike 5990: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1.1 mike 5991: case</a>.</p>
5992:
5993:
5994:
5995: <h5 id="parsing-main-intabletext"><span class="secno">9.2.5.13 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table text">in table text</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
5996:
5997: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion
5998: mode: in table text">in table text</a>", tokens must be handled
5999: as follows:</p>
6000:
6001: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
6002: <dd>
6003:
6004: <p>Append the character token to the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
6005: tokens</a></var> list.</p>
6006:
6007: </dd>
6008:
6009:
6010: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6011: <dd>
6012:
6013: <p>If any of the tokens in the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
6014: tokens</a></var> list are character tokens that are not one of U+0009
6015: CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED
6016: (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then
6017: reprocess those character tokens using the rules given in the
6018: "anything else" entry in the <a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in
6019: table">in table</a>" insertion mode.</p>
6020:
6021: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">insert the
6022: characters</a> given by the <var><a href="#pending-table-character-tokens">pending table character
6023: tokens</a></var> list into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6024:
6025: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
6026: insertion mode</a> and reprocess the token.</p>
6027:
6028: </dd>
6029:
6030: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incaption"><span class="secno">9.2.5.14 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in caption">in caption</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6031:
6032: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incaption" title="insertion
6033: mode: in caption">in caption</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6034:
6035: <dl class="switch"><dt>An end tag whose tag name is "caption"</dt>
6036: <dd>
6037:
6038: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6039: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6040: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6041: case</a>)</p>
6042:
6043: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6044:
6045: <p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
6046:
6047: <p>Now, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a
6048: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6049: error</a>.</p>
6050:
6051: <p>Pop elements from this stack until a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-caption-element">caption</a></code>
6052: element has been popped from the stack.</p>
6053:
6054: <p><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to
6055: the last marker</a>.</p>
6056:
6057: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
6058:
6059: </dd>
6060:
6061: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
6062: "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6063: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
6064: <dd>
6065:
6066: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
6067: name "caption" had been seen, then, if that token wasn't
6068: ignored, reprocess the current token.</p>
6069:
6070: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
6071: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6072:
6073: </dd>
6074:
6075: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "col",
6076: "colgroup", "html", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead",
6077: "tr"</dt>
6078: <dd>
6079: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6080: </dd>
6081:
6082: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6083: <dd>
6084: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6085: mode</a>.</p>
6086: </dd>
6087:
6088: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-incolgroup"><span class="secno">9.2.5.15 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in column group">in column group</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6089:
6090: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-incolgroup" title="insertion
6091: mode: in column group">in column group</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6092:
6093: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6094: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6095: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6096: <dd>
6097: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
6098: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6099: </dd>
6100:
6101: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6102: <dd>
6103: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6104: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6105: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6106: </dd>
6107:
6108: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6109: <dd>
6110: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6111: </dd>
6112:
6113: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6114: <dd>
6115: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6116: mode</a>.</p>
6117: </dd>
6118:
6119: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
6120: <dd>
6121:
6122: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token. Immediately
6123: pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6124: elements</a>.</p>
6125:
6126: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
6127: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
6128:
6129: </dd>
6130:
6131: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "colgroup"</dt>
6132: <dd>
6133:
6134: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root
1.159 mike 6135: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 6136: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6137: case</a>)</p>
6138:
6139: <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be
6140: a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-colgroup-element">colgroup</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6141: elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
6142: "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
6143:
6144: </dd>
6145:
6146: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "col"</dt>
6147: <dd>
6148: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6149: </dd>
6150:
6151: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6152: <dd>
6153:
1.159 mike 6154: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>
1.1 mike 6155: element, then <a href="#stop-parsing">stop parsing</a>. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6156: case</a>)</p>
6157:
6158: <p>Otherwise, act as described in the "anything else" entry
6159: below.</p>
6160:
6161: </dd>
6162:
6163: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6164: <dd>
6165:
6166: <p>Act as if an end tag with the tag name "colgroup" had been
6167: seen, and then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the
6168: current token.</p>
6169:
6170: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
6171: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6172:
6173: </dd>
6174:
6175: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-intbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.16 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in table body">in table body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6176:
6177: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion
6178: mode: in table body">in table body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6179:
6180: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
6181: <dd>
6182:
6183: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
6184: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
6185:
6186: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch
6187: the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode:
6188: in row">in row</a>".</p>
6189:
6190: </dd>
6191:
6192: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
6193: <dd>
6194: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if a start tag with
6195: the tag name "tr" had been seen, then reprocess the current
6196: token.</p>
6197: </dd>
6198:
6199: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot",
6200: "thead"</dt>
6201: <dd>
6202:
6203: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6204: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6205: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6206:
6207: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6208:
6209: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
6210: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
6211:
6212: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of
6213: open elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
6214: to "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>".</p>
6215:
6216: </dd>
6217:
6218: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
6219: "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead"</dt>
6220: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
6221: <dd>
6222:
6223: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have a
6224: <code>tbody</code>, <code>thead</code>, or <code>tfoot</code>
6225: element in table scope</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6226: error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6227: case</a>)</p>
6228:
6229: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6230:
6231: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">Clear the stack back to a table body
6232: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
6233:
6234: <p>Act as if an end tag with the same tag name as the
6235: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> ("tbody", "tfoot", or "thead") had
6236: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
6237:
6238: </dd>
6239:
6240: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
6241: "col", "colgroup", "html", "td", "th", "tr"</dt>
6242: <dd>
6243: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6244: </dd>
6245:
6246: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6247: <dd>
6248: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6249: mode</a>.</p>
6250: </dd>
6251:
6252: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-body-context">clear the stack
6253: back to a table body context</dfn>, it means that the UA must,
6254: while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>,
1.159 mike 6255: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tfoot-element">tfoot</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-thead-element">thead</a></code>, or <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>
1.1 mike 6256: element, pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6257: elements</a>.</p>
6258:
6259: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
1.159 mike 6260: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1.1 mike 6261: case</a>.</p>
6262:
6263:
6264: <h5 id="parsing-main-intr"><span class="secno">9.2.5.17 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in row">in row</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6265:
6266: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
6267: mode: in row">in row</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6268:
6269: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "th", "td"</dt>
6270: <dd>
6271:
6272: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">Clear the stack back to a table row
6273: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
6274:
6275: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token, then switch
6276: the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode:
6277: in cell">in cell</a>".</p>
6278:
6279: <p>Insert a marker at the end of the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
6280: formatting elements</a>.</p>
6281:
6282: </dd>
6283:
6284: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "tr"</dt>
6285: <dd>
6286:
6287: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6288: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6289: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6290: case</a>)</p>
6291:
6292: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6293:
6294: <p><a href="#clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">Clear the stack back to a table row
6295: context</a>. (See below.)</p>
6296:
6297: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> (which will be a
6298: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element) from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6299: elements</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to
6300: "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
6301: body</a>".</p>
6302:
6303: </dd>
6304:
6305: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
6306: "colgroup", "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6307: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "table"</dt>
6308: <dd>
6309:
6310: <p>Act as if an end tag with the tag name "tr" had been seen,
6311: then, if that token wasn't ignored, reprocess the current
6312: token.</p>
6313:
6314: <p class="note">The fake end tag token here can only be
6315: ignored in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6316:
6317: </dd>
6318:
6319: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "tbody", "tfoot",
6320: "thead"</dt>
6321: <dd>
6322:
6323: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6324: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6325: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6326:
6327: <p>Otherwise, act as if an end tag with the tag name "tr" had
6328: been seen, then reprocess the current token.</p>
6329:
6330: </dd>
6331:
6332: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
6333: "col", "colgroup", "html", "td", "th"</dt>
6334: <dd>
6335: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6336: </dd>
6337:
6338: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6339: <dd>
6340: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6341: mode</a>.</p>
6342: </dd>
6343:
6344: </dl><p>When the steps above require the UA to <dfn id="clear-the-stack-back-to-a-table-row-context">clear the stack
6345: back to a table row context</dfn>, it means that the UA must,
6346: while the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>
1.159 mike 6347: element or an <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, pop elements from the
1.1 mike 6348: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
6349:
6350: <p class="note">The <a href="#current-node">current node</a> being an
1.159 mike 6351: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element after this process is a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment
1.1 mike 6352: case</a>.</p>
6353:
6354:
6355: <h5 id="parsing-main-intd"><span class="secno">9.2.5.18 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6356:
6357: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion
6358: mode: in cell">in cell</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6359:
6360: <dl class="switch"><dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "td", "th"</dt>
6361: <dd>
6362:
6363: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6364: scope</a> with the same tag name as that of the token, then
6365: this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a> and the token must be
6366: ignored.</p>
6367:
6368: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6369:
6370: <p><a href="#generate-implied-end-tags">Generate implied end tags</a>.</p>
6371:
6372: <p>Now, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not an element
6373: with the same tag name as the token, then this is a
6374: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>.</p>
6375:
6376: <p>Pop elements from this stack until an element with the same
6377: tag name as the token has been popped from the stack.</p>
6378:
6379: <p><a href="#clear-the-list-of-active-formatting-elements-up-to-the-last-marker">Clear the list of active formatting elements up to
6380: the last marker</a>.</p>
6381:
6382: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in row</a>". (The
6383: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> will be a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> element at
6384: this point.)</p>
6385:
6386: </dd>
6387:
6388: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "col",
6389: "colgroup", "tbody", "td", "tfoot", "th", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6390: <dd>
6391:
6392: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does
6393: <em>not</em> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have
6394: a <code>td</code> or <code>th</code> element in table
6395: scope</a>, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore
6396: the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
6397:
6398: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#close-the-cell">close the cell</a> (see below) and
6399: reprocess the current token.</p>
6400:
6401: </dd>
6402:
6403: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "body", "caption",
6404: "col", "colgroup", "html"</dt>
6405: <dd>
6406: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6407: </dd>
6408:
6409: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "table", "tbody",
6410: "tfoot", "thead", "tr"</dt>
6411: <dd>
6412:
6413: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6414: scope</a> with the same tag name as that of the token
6415: (which can only happen for "tbody", "tfoot" and "thead", or,
6416: in the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6417: error</a> and the token must be ignored.</p>
6418:
6419: <p>Otherwise, <a href="#close-the-cell">close the cell</a> (see below) and
6420: reprocess the current token.</p>
6421:
6422: </dd>
6423:
6424: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6425: <dd>
6426: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6427: mode</a>.</p>
6428: </dd>
6429:
6430: </dl><p>Where the steps above say to <dfn id="close-the-cell">close the cell</dfn>, they
6431: mean to run the following algorithm:</p>
6432:
6433: <ol><li><p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">has a <code>td</code>
6434: element in table scope</a>, then act as if an end tag token
6435: with the tag name "td" had been seen.</p></li>
6436:
6437: <li><p>Otherwise, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> will
6438: <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have a
6439: <code>th</code> element in table scope</a>; act as if an end
6440: tag token with the tag name "th" had been seen.</p></li>
6441:
6442: </ol><p class="note">The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> cannot
6443: have both a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> and a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-th-element">th</a></code> element <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">in table scope</a> at
6444: the same time, nor can it have neither when the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6445: mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in
6446: cell</a>".</p>
6447:
6448:
6449: <h5 id="parsing-main-inselect"><span class="secno">9.2.5.19 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select">in select</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6450:
6451: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion
6452: mode: in select">in select</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6453:
6454: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
6455: <dd>
6456: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
6457: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6458: </dd>
6459:
6460: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6461: <dd>
6462: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6463: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6464: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6465: </dd>
6466:
6467: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6468: <dd>
6469: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6470: </dd>
6471:
6472: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6473: <dd>
6474: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6475: mode</a>.</p>
6476: </dd>
6477:
6478: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
6479: <dd>
6480:
6481: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6482: element, act as if an end tag with the tag name "option" had
6483: been seen.</p>
6484:
6485: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6486:
6487: </dd>
6488:
6489: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
6490: <dd>
6491:
6492: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6493: element, act as if an end tag with the tag name "option" had
6494: been seen.</p>
6495:
6496: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6497: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, act as if an end tag with the
6498: tag name "optgroup" had been seen.</p>
6499:
6500: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6501:
6502: </dd>
6503:
6504: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "optgroup"</dt>
6505: <dd>
6506:
6507: <p>First, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6508: <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code> element, and the node immediately before
6509: it in the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> is an
6510: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, then act as if an end tag with
6511: the tag name "option" had been seen.</p>
6512:
6513: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an
6514: <code><a href="forms.html#the-optgroup-element">optgroup</a></code> element, then pop that node from the
6515: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a
6516: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
6517:
6518: </dd>
6519:
6520: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "option"</dt>
6521: <dd>
6522:
6523: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code><a href="forms.html#the-option-element">option</a></code>
6524: element, then pop that node from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6525: elements</a>. Otherwise, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6526: error</a>; ignore the token.</p>
6527:
6528: </dd>
6529:
6530: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
6531: <dd>
6532:
6533: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have an element in table
6534: scope</a> with the same tag name as the token, this is a
6535: <a href="#parse-error">parse error</a>. Ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6536: case</a>)</p>
6537:
6538: <p>Otherwise:</p>
6539:
6540: <p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>
6541: until a <code><a href="forms.html#the-select-element">select</a></code> element has been popped from the
6542: stack.</p>
6543:
6544: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately">Reset the insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
6545:
6546: </dd>
6547:
6548: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "select"</dt>
6549: <dd>
6550:
6551: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if the token had been
6552: an end tag with the tag name "select" instead.</p>
6553:
6554: </dd>
6555:
6556: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "input", "keygen", "textarea"</dt>
6557: <dd>
1.73 mike 6558:
6559: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6560:
1.124 mike 6561: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> does not <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope" title="has an element in table scope">have a <code>select</code>
6562: element in table scope</a>, ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6563: case</a>)</p>
1.73 mike 6564:
6565: <p>Otherwise, act as if an end tag with the tag name "select" had
6566: been seen, and reprocess the token.</p>
6567:
1.1 mike 6568: </dd>
6569:
6570: <dt>A start tag token whose tag name is "script"</dt>
6571: <dd>
6572: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6573: mode</a>.</p>
6574: </dd>
6575:
6576: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6577: <dd>
6578:
6579: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
1.159 mike 6580: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 6581: error</a>.</p>
6582:
6583: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
6584: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6585:
6586: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6587:
6588: </dd>
6589:
6590: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6591: <dd>
6592: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6593: </dd>
6594:
6595: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inselectintable"><span class="secno">9.2.5.20 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in select in table">in select in table</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6596:
6597: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inselectintable" title="insertion
6598: mode: in select in table">in select in table</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6599:
6600: <dl class="switch"><dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table",
6601: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr", "td", "th"</dt>
6602: <dd>
6603: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Act as if an end tag with the tag
6604: name "select" had been seen, and reprocess the token.</p>
6605: </dd>
6606:
6607: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is one of: "caption", "table",
6608: "tbody", "tfoot", "thead", "tr", "td", "th"</dt>
6609: <dd>
6610:
6611: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6612:
6613: <p>If the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <a href="#has-an-element-in-table-scope">has an
6614: element in table scope</a> with the same tag name as that
6615: of the token, then act as if an end tag with the tag name
6616: "select" had been seen, and reprocess the token. Otherwise,
6617: ignore the token.</p>
6618:
6619: </dd>
6620:
6621: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6622: <dd>
6623: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inselect" title="insertion mode: in select">in select</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6624: mode</a>.</p>
6625: </dd>
6626:
1.168 mike 6627: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inforeign"><span class="secno">9.2.5.21 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
1.1 mike 6628:
6629: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion
6630: mode: in foreign content">in foreign content</a>", tokens must be
6631: handled as follows:</p>
6632:
6633: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token</dt>
6634: <dd>
6635:
6636: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the token's
6637: character</a> into the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6638:
6639: <p>If the token is not one of U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION, U+000A
6640: LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF), <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN
6641: (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE, then set the <a href="#frameset-ok-flag">frameset-ok
6642: flag</a> to "not ok".</p>
6643:
6644: </dd>
6645:
6646: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6647: <dd>
6648: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6649: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6650: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6651: </dd>
6652:
6653: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6654: <dd>
6655: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6656: </dd>
6657:
6658: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "script", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">script</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6659: <dd>
6660:
6661: <p>Pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6662: elements</a>.</p>
6663:
6664: <p>Let the <var title="">old insertion point</var> have the
6665: same value as the current <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a>. Let
6666: the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> be just before the <a href="#next-input-character">next
6667: input character</a>.</p>
6668:
6669: <p>Increment the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
6670: one. Set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to true.</p>
6671:
6672: <p><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVGMobile12/script.html#ScriptContentProcessing">Process
6673: the <code title="">script</code> element</a> according to the SVG
1.187 mike 6674: rules, if the user agent supports SVG. <a href="references.html#refsSVG">[SVG]</a></p>
1.1 mike 6675:
1.159 mike 6676: <p class="note">Even if this causes <a href="embedded-content-0.html#dom-document-write" title="dom-document-write">new characters to be inserted into the
1.1 mike 6677: tokenizer</a>, the parser will not be executed reentrantly,
6678: since the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> is true.</p>
6679:
6680: <p>Decrement the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> by
6681: one. If the parser's <a href="#script-nesting-level">script nesting level</a> is zero,
6682: then set the <a href="#parser-pause-flag">parser pause flag</a> to false.</p>
6683:
6684: <p>Let the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> have the value of the <var title="">old insertion point</var>. (In other words, restore the
6685: <a href="#insertion-point">insertion point</a> to its previous value. This value
6686: might be the "undefined" value.)</p>
6687:
6688: </dd>
6689:
6690: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mi</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6691: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mo</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6692: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mn</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6693: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">ms</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6694: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is neither "mglyph" nor "malignmark", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">mtext</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6695: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "svg", if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an <code title="">annotation-xml</code> element in the <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>.</dt>
6696: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">foreignObject</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6697: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">desc</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6698: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is a <code title="">title</code> element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG namespace</a>.</dt>
6699: <dt>A start tag, if the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>.</dt>
6700: <dt>An end tag</dt>
6701: <dd>
6702:
6703: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the
6704: <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a>.</p>
6705:
6706: <p>If, after doing so, the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is still
6707: "<a href="#parsing-main-inforeign" title="insertion mode: in foreign content">in foreign
1.336 mike 6708: content</a>", but there is no element <a href="#has-an-element-in-scope" title="has an
6709: element in scope">in scope</a> that has a namespace other than
6710: the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</a>, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
1.1 mike 6711: mode</a> to the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary insertion mode</a>.</p>
6712:
6713: </dd>
6714:
6715: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is one of: <!--"a",--> "b", "big",
6716: "blockquote", "body"<!--by inspection-->, "br", "center", "code",
1.422 mike 6717: "dd", "div", "dl", "dt"<!-- so that dd and dt can be handled
6718: uniformly throughout the parser -->, "em", "embed", "h1", "h2",
6719: "h3", "h4"<!--for completeness-->, "h5", "h6"<!--for
1.1 mike 6720: completeness-->, "head"<!--by inspection-->, "hr", "i", "img",
6721: "li", "listing"<!-- so that pre and listing can be handled
6722: uniformly throughout the parser -->, "menu", "meta", "nobr",
6723: "ol"<!-- so that dl, ul, and ol can be handled uniformly throughout
6724: the parser -->, "p", "pre", "ruby", "s", <!--"script",--> "small",
6725: "span", "strong", "strike"<!-- so that s and strike can be handled
6726: uniformly throughout the parser -->, <!--"style",--> "sub", "sup",
1.305 mike 6727: "table"<!--by inspection-->, "tt", "u", "ul", "var"</dt> <!-- this
6728: list was determined empirically by studying over 6,000,000,000
1.422 mike 6729: pages that were specifically not XML pages -->
6730: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "font", if the token has any
6731: attributes named "color", "face", or "size"</dt> <!-- the
6732: attributes here are required so that SVG <font> will go through as
6733: SVG but legacy <font>s won't -->
6734: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt> <dd>
1.1 mike 6735:
6736: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>.</p>
6737:
6738: <p>Pop elements from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> until
6739: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is in the <a href="#html-namespace-0">HTML
6740: namespace</a>.</p>
6741:
6742: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to the <a href="#secondary-insertion-mode">secondary
6743: insertion mode</a>, and reprocess the token.</p>
6744:
6745: </dd>
6746:
6747: <dt>Any other start tag</dt>
6748: <dd>
6749:
6750: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the
6751: <a href="#mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</a>, <a href="#adjust-mathml-attributes">adjust MathML
6752: attributes</a> for the token. (This fixes the case of MathML
6753: attributes that are not all lowercase.)</p>
6754:
6755: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG
6756: namespace</a>, and the token's tag name is one of the ones in
6757: the first column of the following table, change the tag name to
6758: the name given in the corresponding cell in the second
6759: column. (This fixes the case of SVG elements that are not all
6760: lowercase.)</p>
6761:
6762: <table><thead><tr><th> Tag name </th><th> Element name
6763: </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td> <code title="">altglyph</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyph</code>
6764: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">altglyphdef</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyphDef</code>
6765: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">altglyphitem</code> </td><td> <code title="">altGlyphItem</code>
6766: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatecolor</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateColor</code>
6767: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatemotion</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateMotion</code>
6768: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">animatetransform</code> </td><td> <code title="">animateTransform</code>
6769: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">clippath</code> </td><td> <code title="">clipPath</code>
6770: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feblend</code> </td><td> <code title="">feBlend</code>
6771: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecolormatrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">feColorMatrix</code>
6772: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecomponenttransfer</code> </td><td> <code title="">feComponentTransfer</code>
6773: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fecomposite</code> </td><td> <code title="">feComposite</code>
6774: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feconvolvematrix</code> </td><td> <code title="">feConvolveMatrix</code>
6775: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fediffuselighting</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDiffuseLighting</code>
6776: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fedisplacementmap</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDisplacementMap</code>
6777: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fedistantlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">feDistantLight</code>
6778: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feflood</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFlood</code>
6779: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefunca</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncA</code>
6780: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncb</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncB</code>
6781: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncg</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncG</code>
6782: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fefuncr</code> </td><td> <code title="">feFuncR</code>
6783: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fegaussianblur</code> </td><td> <code title="">feGaussianBlur</code>
6784: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feimage</code> </td><td> <code title="">feImage</code>
6785: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femerge</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMerge</code>
6786: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femergenode</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMergeNode</code>
6787: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">femorphology</code> </td><td> <code title="">feMorphology</code>
6788: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feoffset</code> </td><td> <code title="">feOffset</code>
6789: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fepointlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">fePointLight</code>
6790: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fespecularlighting</code> </td><td> <code title="">feSpecularLighting</code>
6791: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fespotlight</code> </td><td> <code title="">feSpotLight</code>
6792: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">fetile</code> </td><td> <code title="">feTile</code>
6793: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">feturbulence</code> </td><td> <code title="">feTurbulence</code>
6794: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">foreignobject</code> </td><td> <code title="">foreignObject</code>
6795: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">glyphref</code> </td><td> <code title="">glyphRef</code>
6796: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">lineargradient</code> </td><td> <code title="">linearGradient</code>
6797: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">radialgradient</code> </td><td> <code title="">radialGradient</code>
6798: <!--<tr> <td> <code title="">solidcolor</code> <td> <code title="">solidColor</code> (SVG 1.2)-->
6799: </td></tr><tr><td> <code title="">textpath</code> </td><td> <code title="">textPath</code>
6800: </td></tr></tbody></table><p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is an element in the <a href="#svg-namespace">SVG
6801: namespace</a>, <a href="#adjust-svg-attributes">adjust SVG attributes</a> for the
6802: token. (This fixes the case of SVG attributes that are not all
6803: lowercase.)</p>
6804:
6805: <p><a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">Adjust foreign attributes</a> for the token. (This
6806: fixes the use of namespaced attributes, in particular XLink in
6807: SVG.)</p>
6808:
6809: <p><a href="#insert-a-foreign-element">Insert a foreign element</a> for the token, in the
6810: same namespace as the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6811:
6812: <p>If the token has its <i>self-closing flag</i> set, pop the
6813: <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
6814: elements</a> and <a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing
6815: flag">acknowledge the token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>.</p>
6816:
6817: </dd>
6818:
6819: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-afterbody"><span class="secno">9.2.5.22 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after body">after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6820:
6821: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-afterbody" title="insertion
6822: mode: after body">after body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6823:
6824: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6825: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6826: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6827: <dd>
6828: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6829: mode</a>.</p>
6830: </dd>
6831:
6832: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6833: <dd>
6834: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the first element in
1.159 mike 6835: the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> (the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>
1.1 mike 6836: element), with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6837: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6838: </dd>
6839:
6840: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6841: <dd>
6842: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6843: </dd>
6844:
6845: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6846: <dd>
6847: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6848: mode</a>.</p>
6849: </dd>
6850:
6851: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6852: <dd>
6853:
6854: <p>If the parser was originally created as part of the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML
6855: fragment parsing algorithm</a>, this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
6856: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>)</p>
6857:
6858: <p>Otherwise, switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after body">after after
6859: body</a>".</p>
6860:
6861: </dd>
6862:
6863: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6864: <dd>
6865: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6866: </dd>
6867:
6868: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6869: <dd>
6870:
6871: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6872: mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
6873: body</a>" and reprocess the token.</p>
6874:
6875: </dd>
6876:
6877: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-inframeset"><span class="secno">9.2.5.23 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: in frameset">in frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6878:
6879: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inframeset" title="insertion
6880: mode: in frameset">in frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6881:
6882: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6883: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6884: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6885: <dd>
6886: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
6887: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6888: </dd>
6889:
6890: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6891: <dd>
6892: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6893: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6894: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6895: </dd>
6896:
6897: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6898: <dd>
6899: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6900: </dd>
6901:
6902: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6903: <dd>
6904: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6905: mode</a>.</p>
6906: </dd>
6907:
6908: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
6909: <dd>
6910: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.</p>
6911: </dd>
6912:
6913: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "frameset"</dt>
6914: <dd>
6915:
6916: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is the root
1.159 mike 6917: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 6918: error</a>; ignore the token. (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment
6919: case</a>)</p>
6920:
6921: <p>Otherwise, pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> from the
6922: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
6923:
6924: <p>If the parser was <em>not</em> originally created as part
6925: of the <a href="#html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment parsing algorithm</a>
6926: (<a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>), and the <a href="#current-node">current
1.5 mike 6927: node</a> is no longer a <code><a href="obsolete.html#frameset">frameset</a></code> element, then
1.1 mike 6928: switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion mode: after frameset">after
6929: frameset</a>".</p>
6930:
6931: </dd>
6932:
6933: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "frame"</dt>
6934: <dd>
6935:
6936: <p><a href="#insert-an-html-element">Insert an HTML element</a> for the token.
6937: Immediately pop the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> off the
6938: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a>.</p>
6939:
6940: <p><a href="#acknowledge-self-closing-flag" title="acknowledge self-closing flag">Acknowledge the
6941: token's <i>self-closing flag</i></a>, if it is set.</p>
6942:
6943: </dd>
6944:
6945: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
6946: <dd>
6947: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6948: mode</a>.</p>
6949: </dd>
6950:
6951: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
6952: <dd>
6953:
6954: <p>If the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> is not the root
1.159 mike 6955: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element, then this is a <a href="#parse-error">parse
1.1 mike 6956: error</a>.</p>
6957:
6958: <p class="note">It can only be the <a href="#current-node">current node</a> in
6959: the <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a>.</p>
6960:
6961: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
6962:
6963: </dd>
6964:
6965: <dt>Anything else</dt>
6966: <dd>
6967: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6968: </dd>
6969:
6970: </dl><h5 id="parsing-main-afterframeset"><span class="secno">9.2.5.24 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after frameset">after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
6971:
6972: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-afterframeset" title="insertion
6973: mode: after frameset">after frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
6974:
6975: <!-- due to rules in the "in frameset" mode, this can't be entered in the fragment case -->
6976: <dl class="switch"><dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
6977: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
6978: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
6979: <dd>
6980: <p><a href="#insert-a-character" title="insert a character">Insert the character</a> into
6981: the <a href="#current-node">current node</a>.</p>
6982: </dd>
6983:
6984: <dt>A comment token</dt>
6985: <dd>
6986: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <a href="#current-node">current
6987: node</a> with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to
6988: the data given in the comment token.</p>
6989: </dd>
6990:
6991: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
6992: <dd>
6993: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
6994: </dd>
6995:
6996: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
6997: <dd>
6998: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
6999: mode</a>.</p>
7000: </dd>
7001:
7002: <dt>An end tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
7003: <dd>
7004: <p>Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> to "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after
7005: frameset</a>".</p>
7006: </dd>
7007:
7008: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
7009: <dd>
7010: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7011: mode</a>.</p>
7012: </dd>
7013:
7014: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
7015: <dd>
7016: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
7017: </dd>
7018:
7019: <dt>Anything else</dt>
7020: <dd>
7021: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
7022: </dd>
7023:
1.336 mike 7024: </dl><h5 id="the-after-after-body-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.25 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after body">after after body</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
1.1 mike 7025:
7026: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-after-body-insertion-mode" title="insertion
7027: mode: after after body">after after body</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
7028:
7029: <dl class="switch"><dt>A comment token</dt>
7030: <dd>
7031: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
7032: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
7033: data given in the comment token.</p>
7034: </dd>
7035:
7036: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
7037: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
7038: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
7039: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
7040: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
7041: <dd>
7042: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7043: mode</a>.</p>
7044: </dd>
7045:
7046: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
7047: <dd>
7048: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
7049: </dd>
7050:
7051: <dt>Anything else</dt>
7052: <dd>
7053: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Switch the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a>
7054: to "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" and
7055: reprocess the token.</p>
7056: </dd>
7057:
7058: </dl><h5 id="the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode"><span class="secno">9.2.5.26 </span>The "<dfn title="insertion mode: after after frameset">after after frameset</dfn>" insertion mode</h5>
7059:
7060: <p>When the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#the-after-after-frameset-insertion-mode" title="insertion
7061: mode: after after frameset">after after frameset</a>", tokens must be handled as follows:</p>
7062:
7063: <dl class="switch"><dt>A comment token</dt>
7064: <dd>
7065: <p>Append a <code>Comment</code> node to the <code>Document</code>
7066: object with the <code title="">data</code> attribute set to the
7067: data given in the comment token.</p>
7068: </dd>
7069:
7070: <dt>A DOCTYPE token</dt>
7071: <dt>A character token that is one of U+0009 CHARACTER
7072: TABULATION, U+000A LINE FEED (LF), U+000C FORM FEED (FF),
7073: <!--U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR),--> or U+0020 SPACE</dt>
7074: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "html"</dt>
7075: <dd>
7076: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7077: mode</a>.</p>
7078: </dd>
7079:
7080: <dt>An end-of-file token</dt>
7081: <dd>
7082: <p><a href="#stop-parsing">Stop parsing</a>.</p>
7083: </dd>
7084:
7085: <dt>A start tag whose tag name is "noframes"</dt>
7086: <dd>
7087: <p>Process the token <a href="#using-the-rules-for">using the rules for</a> the "<a href="#parsing-main-inhead" title="insertion mode: in head">in head</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7088: mode</a>.</p>
7089: </dd>
7090:
7091: <dt>Anything else</dt>
7092: <dd>
7093: <p><a href="#parse-error">Parse error</a>. Ignore the token.</p>
7094: </dd>
7095:
1.266 mike 7096: </dl></div><div class="impl">
7097:
7098: <h4 id="the-end"><span class="secno">9.2.6 </span>The end</h4>
1.1 mike 7099:
7100: <p>Once the user agent <dfn id="stop-parsing" title="stop parsing">stops parsing</dfn>
7101: the document, the user agent must follow the steps in this
7102: section.</p>
7103:
1.10 mike 7104: <!-- this happens as part of one of the tasks that runs the parser -->
1.1 mike 7105:
1.10 mike 7106: <p>First, the user agent must set the <a href="dom.html#current-document-readiness">current document
7107: readiness</a> to "interactive" and the <a href="#insertion-point">insertion
7108: point</a> to undefined.</p>
7109:
7110: <p>Then, the user agent must then make a list of all the scripts
7111: that are in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing">list of scripts that will execute when the
7112: document has finished parsing</a>, the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts that
7113: will execute asynchronously</a>, and the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts
7114: that will execute as soon as possible</a>. This is the <dfn id="list-of-scripts-pending-after-the-parser-stopped">list
7115: of scripts pending after the parser stopped</dfn>.</p>
7116:
7117: <p>The rules for <a href="semantics.html#when-a-script-completes-loading">when a script completes loading</a> start
7118: applying (script execution is no longer managed by the parser).</p>
1.1 mike 7119:
7120: <p>If any of the scripts in the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-as-soon-as-possible">list of scripts that will
7121: execute as soon as possible</a> have <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed
7122: loading</a>, or if the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-asynchronously">list of scripts that will execute
7123: asynchronously</a> is not empty and the first script in that list
7124: has <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a>, then the user agent must act as
7125: if those scripts just completed loading, following the rules given
7126: for that in the <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element definition.</p>
7127:
1.10 mike 7128: <p>If the <a href="semantics.html#list-of-scripts-that-will-execute-when-the-document-has-finished-parsing">list of scripts that will execute when the document
7129: has finished parsing</a> is not empty, and the first item in this
7130: list has already <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a>, then the user agent
7131: must act as if that script just finished loading.</p>
7132:
7133: <p class="note">By this point, there will be no scripts that have
7134: loaded but have not yet been executed.</p>
7135:
7136: <hr><!-- async --><p>Once all the scripts on the <a href="#list-of-scripts-pending-after-the-parser-stopped">list of scripts pending after
7137: the parser stopped</a> have <a href="semantics.html#completed-loading">completed loading</a> and
7138: been <a href="semantics.html#executing-a-script-block" title="executing a script block">executed</a>, the
7139: user agent must <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to <a href="browsers.html#fire-a-simple-event">fire a simple
1.460 mike 7140: event</a> named <code title="event-DOMContentLoaded">DOMContentLoaded</code> at the
1.10 mike 7141: <code>Document</code>. (If the list is empty, this happens
7142: immediately.)</p>
1.1 mike 7143:
1.10 mike 7144: <hr><!-- async --><p>Once everything that <dfn id="delay-the-load-event" title="delay the load event">delays the
1.1 mike 7145: load event</dfn> of the document has completed, the user agent must
7146: run the following steps:</p>
7147:
7148: <ol><li><a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">Queue a task</a> to set the <a href="dom.html#current-document-readiness">current document
7149: readiness</a> to "complete".</li>
7150:
7151: <li>If the <code>Document</code> is in a <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing
7152: context</a>, then <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to <a href="browsers.html#fire-a-simple-event">fire a
1.460 mike 7153: simple event</a> named <code title="event-load">load</code> at
1.1 mike 7154: the <code>Document</code>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object, but with
7155: its <code title="dom-event-target">target</code> set to the
7156: <code>Document</code> object (and the <code title="dom-event-currentTarget">currentTarget</code> set to the
7157: <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object).</li>
7158:
7159: <li>If the <code>Document</code> has a <a href="history.html#pending-state-object">pending state
7160: object</a>, then <a href="browsers.html#queue-a-task">queue a task</a> to fire a <code title="event-popstate"><a href="history.html#event-popstate">popstate</a></code> event in no namespace on the
7161: <code>Document</code>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object using the
7162: <code><a href="history.html#popstateevent">PopStateEvent</a></code> interface, with the <code title="dom-PopStateEvent-state"><a href="history.html#dom-popstateevent-state">state</a></code> attribute set to the
7163: current value of the <a href="history.html#pending-state-object">pending state object</a>. This event
7164: must bubble but not be cancelable and has no default action.</li>
7165:
1.407 mike 7166: </ol><p>The <a href="browsers.html#task-source">task source</a> for these <a href="browsers.html#concept-task" title="concept-task">tasks</a> is the <a href="browsers.html#dom-manipulation-task-source">DOM manipulation
1.228 mike 7167: task source</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 7168:
1.266 mike 7169: </div><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 7170:
7171: <h4 id="coercing-an-html-dom-into-an-infoset"><span class="secno">9.2.7 </span>Coercing an HTML DOM into an infoset</h4>
7172:
7173: <p>When an application uses an <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> in
7174: conjunction with an XML pipeline, it is possible that the
7175: constructed DOM is not compatible with the XML tool chain in certain
7176: subtle ways. For example, an XML toolchain might not be able to
7177: represent attributes with the name <code title="">xmlns</code>,
7178: since they conflict with the Namespaces in XML syntax. There is also
7179: some data that the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> generates that isn't
7180: included in the DOM itself. This section specifies some rules for
7181: handling these issues.</p>
7182:
7183: <p>If the XML API being used doesn't support DOCTYPEs, the tool may
7184: drop DOCTYPEs altogether.</p>
7185:
7186: <p>If the XML API doesn't support attributes in no namespace that
7187: are named "<code title="">xmlns</code>", attributes whose names
7188: start with "<code title="">xmlns:</code>", or attributes in the
7189: <a href="#xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</a>, then the tool may drop such
7190: attributes.</p>
7191:
7192: <p>The tool may annotate the output with any namespace declarations
7193: required for proper operation.</p>
7194:
7195: <p>If the XML API being used restricts the allowable characters in
7196: the local names of elements and attributes, then the tool may map
7197: all element and attribute local names that the API wouldn't support
7198: to a set of names that <em>are</em> allowed, by replacing any
7199: character that isn't supported with the uppercase letter U and the
7200: six digits of the character's Unicode code point when expressed in
7201: hexadecimal, using digits 0-9 and capital letters A-F as the
7202: symbols, in increasing numeric order.</p>
7203:
7204: <p class="example">For example, the element name <code title="">foo<bar</code>, which can be output by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML
7205: parser</a>, though it is neither a legal HTML element name nor a
7206: well-formed XML element name, would be converted into <code title="">fooU00003Cbar</code>, which <em>is</em> a well-formed XML
7207: element name (though it's still not legal in HTML by any means).</p>
7208:
7209: <p class="example">As another example, consider the attribute
7210: <code>xlink:href</code>. Used on a MathML element, it becomes, after
7211: being <a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes" title="adjust foreign attributes">adjusted</a>, an
7212: attribute with a prefix "<code title="">xlink</code>" and a local
7213: name "<code title="">href</code>". However, used on an HTML element,
7214: it becomes an attribute with no prefix and the local name "<code title="">xlink:href</code>", which is not a valid NCName, and thus
7215: might not be accepted by an XML API. It could thus get converted,
7216: becoming "<code title="">xlinkU00003Ahref</code>".</p>
7217:
7218: <p class="note">The resulting names from this conversion
7219: conveniently can't clash with any attribute generated by the
7220: <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, since those are all either lowercase or
7221: those listed in the <a href="#adjust-foreign-attributes">adjust foreign attributes</a>
7222: algorithm's table.</p>
7223:
7224: <p>If the XML API restricts comments from having two consecutive
7225: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS characters (--), the tool may insert a single
7226: U+0020 SPACE character between any such offending characters.</p>
7227:
7228: <p>If the XML API restricts comments from ending in a
7229: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS character (-), the tool may insert a single
7230: U+0020 SPACE character at the end of such comments.</p>
7231:
7232: <p>If the XML API restricts allowed characters in character data,
1.439 mike 7233: attribute values, or comments, the tool may replace any U+000C FORM
7234: FEED (FF) character with a U+0020 SPACE character, and any other
7235: literal non-XML character with a U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER.</p>
1.1 mike 7236:
7237: <p>If the tool has no way to convey out-of-band information, then
7238: the tool may drop the following information:</p>
7239:
7240: <ul><li>Whether the document is set to <i><a href="dom.html#no-quirks-mode">no quirks mode</a></i>,
7241: <i><a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a></i>, or <i><a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a></i></li>
7242:
7243: <li>The association between form controls and forms that aren't
7244: their nearest <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element ancestor (use of the
7245: <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code>form</code> element pointer</a> in the parser)</li>
7246:
7247: </ul><p class="note">The mutations allowed by this section apply
7248: <em>after</em> the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>'s rules have been
7249: applied. For example, a <code title=""><a::></code> start tag
7250: will be closed by a <code title=""></a::></code> end tag, and
7251: never by a <code title=""></aU00003AU00003A></code> end tag, even
7252: if the user agent is using the rules above to then generate an
7253: actual element in the DOM with the name <code title="">aU00003AU00003A</code> for that start tag.</p>
7254:
1.266 mike 7255: </div><div class="impl">
1.1 mike 7256:
1.35 mike 7257: <h4 id="an-introduction-to-error-handling-and-strange-cases-in-the-parser"><span class="secno">9.2.8 </span>An introduction to error handling and strange cases in the parser</h4>
1.1 mike 7258:
7259: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7260:
7261: <p>This section examines some erroneous markup and discusses how
7262: the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> handles these cases.</p>
7263:
7264:
7265: <h5 id="misnested-tags:-b-i-b-i"><span class="secno">9.2.8.1 </span>Misnested tags: <b><i></b></i></h5>
7266:
7267: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7268:
7269: <p>The most-often discussed example of erroneous markup is as
7270: follows:</p>
7271:
7272: <pre><p>1<b>2<i>3</b>4</i>5</p></pre>
7273:
7274: <p>The parsing of this markup is straightforward up to the "3". At
7275: this point, the DOM looks like this:</p>
7276:
1.159 mike 7277: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>Here, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has five elements
7278: on it: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7279: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, and <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7280: formatting elements</a> just has two: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> and
7281: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
7282:
7283: <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href="#adoptionAgency">adoption agency algorithm</a>" is
7284: invoked. This is a simple case, in that the <var title="">formatting
7285: element</var> is the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element, and there is no
7286: <var title="">furthest block</var>. Thus, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.159 mike 7287: elements</a> ends up with just three elements: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>,
7288: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, and <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>, while the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
1.1 mike 7289: active formatting elements</a> has just one: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code>. The
7290: DOM tree is unmodified at this point.</p>
7291:
7292: <p>The next token is a character ("4"), triggers the <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements" title="reconstruct the active formatting elements">reconstruction of
7293: the active formatting elements</a>, in this case just the
7294: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code> element. A new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code> element is thus created
7295: for the "4" text node. After the end tag token for the "i" is also
7296: received, and the "5" text node is inserted, the DOM looks as
7297: follows:</p>
7298:
1.159 mike 7299: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-i-element">i</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">4</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">5</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="misnested-tags:-b-p-b-p"><span class="secno">9.2.8.2 </span>Misnested tags: <b><p></b></p></h5>
1.1 mike 7300:
7301: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7302:
7303: <p>A case similar to the previous one is the following:</p>
7304:
7305: <pre><b>1<p>2</b>3</p></pre>
7306:
7307: <p>Up to the "2" the parsing here is straightforward:</p>
7308:
1.159 mike 7309: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The interesting part is when the end tag token with the tag name
1.1 mike 7310: "b" is parsed.</p>
7311:
7312: <p>Before that token is seen, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
1.159 mike 7313: elements</a> has four elements on it: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>,
7314: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>, and <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>. The
1.1 mike 7315: <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting elements</a> just has the one:
7316: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>. The <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in body</a>".</p>
7317:
7318: <p>Upon receiving the end tag token with the tag name "b", the "<a href="#adoptionAgency">adoption agency algorithm</a>" is invoked, as
7319: in the previous example. However, in this case, there <em>is</em> a
7320: <var title="">furthest block</var>, namely the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element. Thus,
7321: this time the adoption agency algorithm isn't skipped over.</p>
7322:
1.159 mike 7323: <p>The <var title="">common ancestor</var> is the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>
1.1 mike 7324: element. A conceptual "bookmark" marks the position of the
7325: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> in the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7326: elements</a>, but since that list has only one element in it,
7327: it won't have much effect.</p>
7328:
7329: <p>As the algorithm progresses, <var title="">node</var> ends up set
7330: to the formatting element (<code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code>), and <var title="">last
7331: node</var> ends up set to the <var title="">furthest block</var>
7332: (<code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>).</p>
7333:
7334: <p>The <var title="">last node</var> gets appended (moved) to the
7335: <var title="">common ancestor</var>, so that the DOM looks like:</p>
7336:
1.159 mike 7337: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>A new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created, and the children of the
1.1 mike 7338: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element are moved to it:</p>
7339:
1.159 mike 7340: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul><p>Finally, the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is appended to the
1.1 mike 7341: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element, so that the DOM looks like:</p>
7342:
1.159 mike 7343: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is removed from the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of
1.1 mike 7344: active formatting elements</a> and the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7345: elements</a>, so that when the "3" is parsed, it is appended to
7346: the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element:</p>
7347:
1.159 mike 7348: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">1</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">2</span></li></ul></li><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">3</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="unexpected-markup-in-tables"><span class="secno">9.2.8.3 </span>Unexpected markup in tables</h5>
1.1 mike 7349:
7350: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7351:
7352: <p>Error handling in tables is, for historical reasons, especially
7353: strange. For example, consider the following markup:</p>
7354:
7355: <pre><table><strong><b></strong><tr><td>aaa</td></tr><strong>bbb</strong></table>ccc</pre>
7356:
7357: <p>The highlighted <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element start tag is not allowed
7358: directly inside a table like that, and the parser handles this case
7359: by placing the element <em>before</em> the table. (This is called <i title="foster parent"><a href="#foster-parent">foster parenting</a></i>.) This can be seen by
7360: examining the DOM tree as it stands just after the
7361: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element's start tag has been seen:</p>
7362:
1.159 mike 7363: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>...and then immediately after the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element start
1.1 mike 7364: tag has been seen:</p>
7365:
1.159 mike 7366: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>At this point, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it
7367: the elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7368: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>, and <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> (in that order, despite the
7369: resulting DOM tree); the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7370: elements</a> just has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it; and the
7371: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in
7372: table">in table</a>".</p>
7373:
7374: <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> start tag causes the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element
7375: to be popped off the stack and a <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> start tag to be
7376: implied; the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code> elements are
7377: then handled in a rather straight-forward manner, taking the parser
7378: through the "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table body">in table
7379: body</a>" and "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion mode: in row">in
7380: row</a>" insertion modes, after which the DOM looks as
7381: follows:</p>
7382:
1.159 mike 7383: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>Here, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the
7384: elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7385: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code>; the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7386: formatting elements</a> still has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in
7387: it; and the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intr" title="insertion
7388: mode: in row">in row</a>".</p>
7389:
7390: <p>The <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element start tag token, after putting a
7391: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code> element on the tree, puts a marker on the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list
7392: of active formatting elements</a> (it also switches to the "<a href="#parsing-main-intd" title="insertion mode: in cell">in cell</a>" <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion
7393: mode</a>).</p>
7394:
1.159 mike 7395: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The marker means that when the "aaa" character tokens are seen,
1.1 mike 7396: no <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created to hold the resulting text
7397: node:</p>
7398:
1.159 mike 7399: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The end tags are handled in a straight-forward manner; after
1.1 mike 7400: handling them, the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the
1.159 mike 7401: elements <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7402: and <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>; the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7403: elements</a> still has the <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it (the
7404: marker having been removed by the "td" end tag token); and the
7405: <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in
7406: table body">in table body</a>".</p>
7407:
7408: <p>Thus it is that the "bbb" character tokens are found. These
7409: trigger the "<a href="#parsing-main-intabletext" title="insertion mode: in table text">in table
7410: text</a>" insertion mode to be used (with the <a href="#original-insertion-mode">original
7411: insertion mode</a> set to "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion mode: in table
7412: body">in table body</a>"). The character tokens are collected,
7413: and when the next token (the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element end tag) is
7414: seen, they are processed as a group. Since they are not all spaces,
7415: they are handled as per the "anything else" rules in the "<a href="#parsing-main-intable" title="insertion mode: in table">in table</a>" insertion mode,
7416: which defer to the "<a href="#parsing-main-inbody" title="insertion mode: in body">in
7417: body</a>" insertion mode but with <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster
7418: parent">foster parenting</a>.</p>
7419:
7420: <p>When <a href="#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements" title="reconstruct the active formatting elements">the
7421: active formatting elements are reconstructed</a>, a
7422: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element is created and <a href="#foster-parent" title="foster
7423: parent">foster parented</a>, and then the "bbb" text node is
7424: appended to it:</p>
7425:
1.159 mike 7426: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>The <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> has on it the elements
7427: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7428: <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code>, and the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> (again, note that
7429: this doesn't match the resulting tree!); the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active
7430: formatting elements</a> has the new <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element in it;
7431: and the <a href="#insertion-mode">insertion mode</a> is still "<a href="#parsing-main-intbody" title="insertion
7432: mode: in table body">in table body</a>".</p>
7433:
7434: <p>Had the character tokens been only <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space
7435: character">space characters</a> instead of "bbb", then those
7436: <a href="infrastructure.html#space-character" title="space character">space characters</a> would just be
7437: appended to the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code> element.</p>
7438:
7439: <p>Finally, the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> is closed by a "table" end
7440: tag. This pops all the nodes from the <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open
7441: elements</a> up to and including the <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code> element,
7442: but it doesn't affect the <a href="#list-of-active-formatting-elements">list of active formatting
7443: elements</a>, so the "ccc" character tokens after the table
7444: result in yet another <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code> element being created, this
7445: time after the table:</p>
7446:
1.159 mike 7447: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">bbb</span></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-table-element">table</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tbody-element">tbody</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-tr-element">tr</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-td-element">td</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">aaa</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-b-element">b</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">ccc</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h5 id="scripts-that-modify-the-page-as-it-is-being-parsed"><span class="secno">9.2.8.4 </span>Scripts that modify the page as it is being parsed</h5>
1.1 mike 7448:
7449: <p><i>This section is non-normative.</i></p>
7450:
7451: <p>Consider the following markup, which for this example we will
7452: assume is the document with <a href="infrastructure.html#url">URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/inner</code>, being rendered as the
1.159 mike 7453: content of an <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code> in another document with the
1.1 mike 7454: <a href="infrastructure.html#url">URL</a> <code title="">http://example.com/outer</code>:</p>
7455:
7456: <pre><div id=a>
7457: <script>
7458: var div = document.getElementById('a');
7459: parent.document.body.appendChild(div);
7460: </script>
7461: <script>
7462: alert(document.URL);
7463: </script>
7464: </div>
7465: <script>
7466: alert(document.URL);
7467: </script></pre>
7468:
7469: <p>Up to the first "script" end tag, before the script is parsed,
7470: the result is relatively straightforward:</p>
7471:
1.306 mike 7472: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> <span class="t2" title=""><code class="attribute name">id</code>="<code class="attribute value"><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-a-element">a</a></code>"</span><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">
7473: </span></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">var div = document.getElementById('a'); ⏎ parent.document.body.appendChild(div);</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>After the script is parsed, though, the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element
1.1 mike 7474: and its child <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element are gone:</p>
7475:
1.159 mike 7476: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code></li></ul></li></ul><p>They are, at this point, in the <code>Document</code> of the
1.1 mike 7477: aforementioned outer <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>. However, the
7478: <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> <em>still contains the
1.306 mike 7479: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element</em>.</p>
1.1 mike 7480:
7481: <p>Thus, when the second <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element is parsed, it
7482: is inserted <em>into the outer <code>Document</code>
7483: object</em>.</p>
7484:
7485: <p>This also means that the <a href="browsers.html#script-s-global-object">script's global object</a> is
7486: the outer <a href="browsers.html#browsing-context">browsing context</a>'s <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code>
7487: object, <em>not</em> the <code><a href="browsers.html#window">Window</a></code> object inside the
1.159 mike 7488: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>.</p>
1.1 mike 7489:
7490: <p class="note">This isn't a security problem since the script that
1.306 mike 7491: moves the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> into the outer <code>Document</code> can
1.1 mike 7492: only do so because they have the two <code>Document</code> object
1.159 mike 7493: have the same <a href="browsers.html#origin">origin</a>.</p>
1.1 mike 7494:
7495: <p>Thus, the first alert says "http://example.com/outer".</p>
7496:
1.306 mike 7497: <p>Once the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element's end tag is parsed, the
7498: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-div-element">div</a></code> element is popped off the stack, and so the next
1.1 mike 7499: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element is in the inner <code>Document</code>:</p>
7500:
1.159 mike 7501: <ul class="domTree"><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-head-element-0">head</a></code></li><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#the-body-element-0">body</a></code><ul><li class="t1"><code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code><ul><li class="t3"><code>#text</code>: <span title="">alert(document.URL);</span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p>This second alert will say "http://example.com/inner".</p>
1.1 mike 7502:
7503:
7504:
1.215 mike 7505: <h3 id="namespaces"><span class="secno">9.3 </span>Namespaces</h3>
1.1 mike 7506:
7507: <p>The <dfn id="html-namespace-0">HTML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code></p>
7508:
7509: <p>The <dfn id="mathml-namespace">MathML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML</code></p>
7510:
7511: <p>The <dfn id="svg-namespace">SVG namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/svg</code></p>
7512:
7513: <p>The <dfn id="xlink-namespace">XLink namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink</code></p>
7514:
7515: <p>The <dfn id="xml-namespace">XML namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace</code></p>
7516:
7517: <p>The <dfn id="xmlns-namespace">XMLNS namespace</dfn> is: <code>http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/</code></p>
7518:
7519: <hr><p>Data mining tools and other user agents that perform operations
1.83 mike 7520: on <code><a href="iana-considerations.html#text-html">text/html</a></code> content without running scripts,
1.1 mike 7521: evaluating CSS or XPath expressions, or otherwise exposing the
7522: resulting DOM to arbitrary content, may "support namespaces" by just
7523: asserting that their DOM node analogues are in certain namespaces,
7524: without actually exposing the above strings.</p>
7525:
7526:
7527:
7528:
7529: <h3 id="serializing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">9.4 </span>Serializing HTML fragments</h3>
7530:
7531: <p>The following steps form the <dfn id="html-fragment-serialization-algorithm">HTML fragment serialization
7532: algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm takes as input a DOM
7533: <code>Element</code> or <code>Document</code>, referred to as <var title="">the node</var>, and either returns a string or raises an
7534: exception.</p>
7535:
7536: <p class="note">This algorithm serializes the <em>children</em> of
7537: the node being serialized, not the node itself.</p>
7538:
7539: <ol><li><p>Let <var title="">s</var> be a string, and initialize it to
7540: the empty string.</p></li>
7541:
7542: <li>
7543:
7544: <p>For each child node of <var title="">the node</var>, in
7545: <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>, run the following steps:
7546:
7547: </p><ol><li><p>Let <var title="">current node</var> be the child node
7548: being processed.</p></li>
7549:
7550: <li>
7551:
7552: <p>Append the appropriate string from the following list to
7553: <var title="">s</var>:</p>
7554:
7555: <dl class="switch"><dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is an <code title="">Element</code></dt>
7556:
7557: <dd>
7558:
7559: <p>Append a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code title=""><</code>)
7560: character, followed by the element's tag name. (For nodes
7561: created by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> or <code title="">Document.createElement()</code>, the tag name will be
7562: lowercase.)</p>
7563:
7564: <p>For each attribute that the element has, append a U+0020
7565: SPACE character, the attribute's name (which, for attributes
7566: set by the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a> or by <code title="">Element.setAttributeNode()</code> or <code title="">Element.setAttribute()</code>, will be lowercase), a
7567: U+003D EQUALS SIGN (<code title="">=</code>) character, a
7568: U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code title="">"</code>)
7569: character, the attribute's value, <a href="#escapingString" title="escaping a
7570: string">escaped as described below</a> in <i>attribute
7571: mode</i>, and a second U+0022 QUOTATION MARK (<code title="">"</code>) character.</p>
7572:
7573: <p>While the exact order of attributes is UA-defined, and may
7574: depend on factors such as the order that the attributes were
7575: given in the original markup, the sort order must be stable,
7576: such that consecutive invocations of this algorithm serialize an
7577: element's attributes in the same order.</p>
7578:
7579: <p>Append a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">></code>)
7580: character.</p>
7581:
7582: <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is an
1.5 mike 7583: <code><a href="the-canvas-element.html#the-area-element">area</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-base-element">base</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#basefont">basefont</a></code>,
1.1 mike 7584: <code>bgsound</code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-br-element">br</a></code>, <code><a href="tabular-data.html#the-col-element">col</a></code>,
1.159 mike 7585: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-embed-element">embed</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#frame">frame</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#the-hr-element">hr</a></code>,
7586: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-img-element">img</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-input-element">input</a></code>, <code><a href="forms.html#the-keygen-element">keygen</a></code>,
7587: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-link-element">link</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#meta">meta</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-param-element">param</a></code>,
1.5 mike 7588: <code><a href="obsolete.html#spacer">spacer</a></code>, or <code>wbr</code> element, then
1.1 mike 7589: continue on to the next child node at this point.</p> <!--
7590: also, i guess: image and isindex, but we don't list those
7591: because we don't consider those "elements", more "macros", and
7592: thus we should never serialize them -->
7593:
7594: <p>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-pre-element">pre</a></code>,
1.42 mike 7595: <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>, or <code><a href="obsolete.html#listing">listing</a></code> element, append
1.1 mike 7596: a U+000A LINE FEED (LF) character.</p>
7597:
7598: <p>Append the value of running the <a href="#html-fragment-serialization-algorithm">HTML fragment
7599: serialization algorithm</a> on the <var title="">current
7600: node</var> element (thus recursing into this algorithm for
7601: that element), followed by a U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN (<code title=""><</code>) character, a U+002F SOLIDUS (<code title="">/</code>) character, the element's tag name again,
7602: and finally a U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN (<code title="">></code>) character.</p>
7603:
7604: </dd>
7605:
7606:
7607: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Text</code> or <code title="">CDATASection</code>
7608: node</dt>
7609:
7610: <dd>
7611:
1.19 mike 7612: <p>If the parent of <var title="">current node</var> is a
1.42 mike 7613: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#xmp">xmp</a></code>,
1.159 mike 7614: <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>,
1.222 mike 7615: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code>, or <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code> element, or
7616: if the parent of <var title="">current node</var> is
7617: <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> element and <a href="browsers.html#concept-n-script" title="concept-n-script">scripting is enabled</a> for the
7618: node, then append the value of <var title="">current
7619: node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute
7620: literally.</p>
1.1 mike 7621:
7622: <p>Otherwise, append the value of <var title="">current
1.192 mike 7623: node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL attribute, <a href="#escapingString" title="escaping a string">escaped as described
1.1 mike 7624: below</a>.</p>
7625:
7626: </dd>
7627:
7628:
7629: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">Comment</code></dt>
7630:
7631: <dd>
7632:
7633: <p>Append the literal string <code><!--</code> (U+003C
7634: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS,
1.192 mike 7635: U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS), followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL
1.1 mike 7636: attribute, followed by the literal string <code>--></code>
7637: (U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS, U+003E GREATER-THAN
7638: SIGN).</p>
7639:
7640: </dd>
7641:
7642:
7643: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">ProcessingInstruction</code></dt>
7644:
7645: <dd>
7646:
7647: <p>Append the literal string <code><?</code> (U+003C
7648: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+003F QUESTION MARK), followed by the value
1.192 mike 7649: of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">target</code> IDL attribute, followed by a single
7650: U+0020 SPACE character, followed by the value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">data</code> IDL
1.1 mike 7651: attribute, followed by a single U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN
1.464 mike 7652: character (>).</p>
1.1 mike 7653:
7654: </dd>
7655:
7656:
7657: <dt>If <var title="">current node</var> is a <code title="">DocumentType</code></dt>
7658:
7659: <dd>
7660:
7661: <p>Append the literal string <code><!DOCTYPE</code> (U+003C
7662: LESS-THAN SIGN, U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK, U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL
7663: LETTER D, U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O, U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL
7664: LETTER C, U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T, U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL
7665: LETTER Y, U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P, U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL
7666: LETTER E), followed by a space (U+0020 SPACE), followed by the
1.192 mike 7667: value of <var title="">current node</var>'s <code title="">name</code> IDL attribute, followed by the literal
1.1 mike 7668: string <code>></code> (U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN).</p>
7669:
7670: </dd>
7671:
7672:
7673: </dl><p>Other node types (e.g. <code title="">Attr</code>) cannot
7674: occur as children of elements. If, despite this, they somehow do
7675: occur, this algorithm must raise an
7676: <code><a href="infrastructure.html#invalid_state_err">INVALID_STATE_ERR</a></code> exception.</p>
7677:
7678: </li>
7679:
7680: </ol></li>
7681:
7682: <li><p>The result of the algorithm is the string <var title="">s</var>.</p></li>
7683:
7684: </ol><p><dfn id="escapingString">Escaping a string</dfn> (for the
7685: purposes of the algorithm above) consists of replacing any
7686: occurrences of the "<code title="">&</code>" character by the
7687: string "<code title="">&amp;</code>", any occurrences of the
7688: U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE character by the string "<code title="">&nbsp;</code>", and, if the algorithm was invoked in
7689: the <i>attribute mode</i>, any occurrences of the "<code title="">"</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&quot;</code>", or if it was not, any occurrences of
7690: the "<code title=""><</code>" character by the string "<code title="">&lt;</code>", any occurrences of the "<code title="">></code>" character by the string "<code title="">&gt;</code>".</p>
7691:
7692: <p class="note">Entity reference nodes are <a href="infrastructure.html#entity-references">assumed to be expanded</a> by the user
7693: agent, and are therefore not covered in the algorithm above.</p>
7694:
7695: <p class="note">It is possible that the output of this algorithm, if
7696: parsed with an <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, will not return the
7697: original tree structure. For instance, if a <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
7698: element to which a <code title="">Comment</code> node has been
7699: appended is serialized and the output is then reparsed, the comment
7700: will end up being displayed in the text field. Similarly, if, as a
7701: result of DOM manipulation, an element contains a comment that
7702: contains the literal string "<code title="">--></code>", then
7703: when the result of serializing the element is parsed, the comment
7704: will be truncated at that point and the rest of the comment will be
7705: interpreted as markup. More examples would be making a
7706: <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code> element contain a text node with the text string
7707: "<code></script></code>", or having a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code> element that
7708: contains a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element (as the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-ul-element">ul</a></code> element's
7709: <a href="#syntax-start-tag" title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</a> would imply the end
7710: tag for the <code><a href="semantics.html#the-p-element">p</a></code>).</p>
7711:
7712:
7713: <h3 id="parsing-html-fragments"><span class="secno">9.5 </span>Parsing HTML fragments</h3>
7714:
7715: <p>The following steps form the <dfn id="html-fragment-parsing-algorithm">HTML fragment parsing
7716: algorithm</dfn>. The algorithm optionally takes as input an
7717: <code>Element</code> node, referred to as the <var title="">context</var> element, which gives the context for the
7718: parser, as well as <var title="">input</var>, a string to parse, and
7719: returns a list of zero or more nodes.</p>
7720:
7721: <p class="note">Parts marked <dfn id="fragment-case">fragment case</dfn> in algorithms
7722: in the parser section are parts that only occur if the parser was
7723: created for the purposes of this algorithm (and with a <var title="">context</var> element). The algorithms have been annotated
7724: with such markings for informational purposes only; such markings
7725: have no normative weight. If it is possible for a condition
7726: described as a <a href="#fragment-case">fragment case</a> to occur even when the
7727: parser wasn't created for the purposes of handling this algorithm,
7728: then that is an error in the specification.</p>
7729:
7730: <ol><li>
7731:
7732: <p>Create a new <code>Document</code> node, and mark it as being
7733: an <a href="dom.html#html-documents" title="HTML documents">HTML document</a>.</p>
7734:
7735: </li>
7736:
7737: <li>
7738:
7739: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, and the
7740: <code>Document</code> of the <var title="">context</var> element
7741: is in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>, then let the <code>Document</code>
7742: be in <a href="dom.html#quirks-mode">quirks mode</a>. Otherwise, if there is a <var title="">context</var> element, and the <code>Document</code> of
7743: the <var title="">context</var> element is in <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks
7744: mode</a>, then let the <code>Document</code> be in
7745: <a href="dom.html#limited-quirks-mode">limited quirks mode</a>. Otherwise, leave the
7746: <code>Document</code> in <a href="dom.html#no-quirks-mode">no quirks mode</a>.</p>
7747:
7748: </li>
7749:
7750: <li>
7751:
7752: <p>Create a new <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>, and associate it with
7753: the just created <code>Document</code> node.</p>
7754:
7755: </li>
7756:
7757: <li>
7758:
7759: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, run these
7760: substeps:</p>
7761:
7762: <ol><li>
7763:
7764: <p>Set the <a href="#html-parser">HTML parser</a>'s <a href="#tokenization">tokenization</a>
7765: stage's <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> according to the <var title="">context</var> element, as follows:</p>
7766:
1.159 mike 7767: <dl class="switch"><dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-title-element-0">title</a></code> or <code><a href="forms.html#the-textarea-element">textarea</a></code>
1.1 mike 7768: element</dt>
7769:
7770: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
7771: the RCDATA state.</dd>
7772:
7773:
7774: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-style-element">style</a></code>, <code><a href="semantics.html#script">script</a></code>,
1.159 mike 7775: <code><a href="obsolete.html#xmp">xmp</a></code>, <code><a href="text-level-semantics.html#the-iframe-element">iframe</a></code>, <code><a href="obsolete.html#noembed">noembed</a></code>, or
1.5 mike 7776: <code><a href="obsolete.html#noframes">noframes</a></code> element</dt>
1.1 mike 7777:
7778: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
1.91 mike 7779: the RAWTEXT state.</dd>
1.1 mike 7780:
7781:
7782: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="semantics.html#the-noscript-element">noscript</a></code> element</dt>
7783:
7784: <dd>If the <a href="#scripting-flag">scripting flag</a> is enabled, set the
1.91 mike 7785: <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the RAWTEXT
1.1 mike 7786: state. Otherwise, set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to the
7787: PCDATA state.</dd>
7788:
7789:
1.42 mike 7790: <dt>If it is a <code><a href="obsolete.html#plaintext">plaintext</a></code> element</dt>
1.1 mike 7791:
7792: <dd>Set the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> to
7793: PLAINTEXT.</dd>
7794:
7795:
7796: <dt>Otherwise</dt>
7797:
7798: <dd>Leave the <a href="#content-model-flag">content model flag</a> in the PCDATA
7799: state.</dd>
7800:
7801: </dl></li>
7802:
7803: <li>
7804:
1.159 mike 7805: <p>Let <var title="">root</var> be a new <code><a href="semantics.html#the-html-element-0">html</a></code> element
1.1 mike 7806: with no attributes.</p>
7807:
7808: </li>
7809:
7810: <li>
7811:
7812: <p>Append the element <var title="">root</var> to the
7813: <code>Document</code> node created above.</p>
7814:
7815: </li>
7816:
7817: <li>
7818:
7819: <p>Set up the parser's <a href="#stack-of-open-elements">stack of open elements</a> so that
7820: it contains just the single element <var title="">root</var>.</p>
7821:
7822: </li>
7823:
7824: <li>
7825:
7826: <p><a href="#reset-the-insertion-mode-appropriately" title="reset the insertion mode appropriately">Reset the
7827: parser's insertion mode appropriately</a>.</p>
7828:
7829: <p class="note">The parser will reference the <var title="">context</var> element as part of that algorithm.</p>
7830:
7831: </li>
7832:
7833: <li>
7834:
7835: <p>Set the parser's <a href="#form-element-pointer"><code>form</code> element pointer</a>
7836: to the nearest node to the <var title="">context</var> element
7837: that is a <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element (going straight up the
7838: ancestor chain, and including the element itself, if it is a
7839: <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element), or, if there is no such
7840: <code><a href="forms.html#the-form-element">form</a></code> element, to null.</p>
7841:
7842: </li>
7843:
7844: </ol></li>
7845:
7846: <li>
7847:
7848: <p>Place into the <a href="#the-input-stream">input stream</a> for the <a href="#html-parser">HTML
7849: parser</a> just created the <var title="">input</var>. The
7850: encoding <a href="#concept-encoding-confidence" title="concept-encoding-confidence">confidence</a> is
7851: <i>irrelevant</i>.</p>
7852:
7853: </li>
7854:
7855: <li>
7856:
7857: <p>Start the parser and let it run until it has consumed all the
7858: characters just inserted into the input stream.</p>
7859:
7860: </li>
7861:
7862: <li>
7863:
7864: <p>If there is a <var title="">context</var> element, return the
7865: child nodes of <var title="">root</var>, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree
7866: order</a>.</p>
7867:
7868: <p>Otherwise, return the children of the <code>Document</code>
7869: object, in <a href="infrastructure.html#tree-order">tree order</a>.</p>
7870:
7871: </li>
7872:
1.123 mike 7873: </ol></div></body></html>
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